Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Institute)
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1 Japan Atomic Energy Agency GOSIA work shop 2008/4/8-10 Warsaw, Poland Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Institute) JAEA, Chiba Inst.Tech. a, Kyusyu Univ. b, Hiroshima Univ. c, KEK d M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, M. Oshima, M. Sugawara b A. Kimura, A. Osa, Y. Hatsukawa, T. Morikawa b, K. Furutaka, F. Kitatani, H. Harada, S. Nakamura, N. Imai d, H. Miyatake d, Y. Kojima c
2 Contents 1. Introduction - Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA with GEMINI-II and LUNA - 2. Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA 2.1 Ge isotopes ,68 Zn Xe (some problems encountered) 3. Plan for nuclear structure studies with RI beams at TRIAC facility of JAEA 4. Summary
3 Tandem-booster accelerator facility of JAEA ECR IS Tandem acc. (18MeV) Negative IS Booster acc.
4 Energy JAEA tandem-booster accelerator Negative ion source, and ECR ion source can provide various ion beams. Particles energies are enough for Coulomb excitation experiments. Good beam quality, i.e., 1~2 mm in diameter on target H Li Be B C N O F Ne He Tandem-booster Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Tandem only Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn D eveloped :U nder developm ent mass (A)
5 GEMINI-II - a Ge detector array - -An apparatus for Coulomb excitation experiments, for - coincidence experiments, and for other applications - 16 Ge detectors (with BGO-ACS) and 3 LOAX detectors
6 LUNA - a position sensitive particle detector array - Beam Characteristics of LUNA 1. applicable for high event rate (up to 10 5 cps) 2. good positional resolution: mm 3. high resistance to radiation damage 4. compact (if one compare to a gas counter) 5. easy to handle
7 Contents 1. Introduction - Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA with GEMINI-II and LUNA - 2. Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA 2.1 Ge isotopes ,68 Zn Xe 3. Plan for nuclear structure studies with RI beams at TRIAC facility of JAEA 4. Summary
8 2. Recent study of Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA 2.1 Ge isotopes (N=40) In order to study the structural evolution of the 0 2+ state, we carried out multiple Coulomb excitation experiments. Matrix elements Quadruple Sum Rule <Q 2 >s
9 Isotope dependence of <Q 2 > of Ge Deformed Spherical 0 2 +
10 The shapes of Ge isotopes Spherical Deformed (N=40) The spherical 0 2+ intruder state of 70 Ge becomes the 0 1+ state of 72,74,76 Ge and vice versa. This may be due to the appearance of an effect of high spin orbit (1g 9/2 ).
11 Contents 1. Introduction - Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA with GEMINI-II and LUNA - 2. Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA 2.1 Ge isotopes ,68 Zn Xe 3. Plan for nuclear structure studies with RI beams at TRIAC facility of JAEA 4. Summary
![Energy [kev ] Coulomb excitation experiments of 30 Zn isotopes 3000 2500 2000 4 + 2 0 + 2 4 + 1 0 + 3](/docs-images/92/108804237/images/12-3.jpg "(4 + 1 ) 2 + 3 4 + 2 2 + 4 (4 + 1 ) 0 + 3 1500 2 + 2 1000 500 0 2 + 1 0 + 1 (2 + 1 ) 62 64 66 68 70 72")
12 Energy [kev ] Coulomb excitation experiments of 30 Zn isotopes (4 + 1 ) (4 + 1 ) (2 + 1 )
![Results of the Coulomb excitation experiments of 66,68 Zn 66Zn 68Zn IBM ARM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- B(E2) [efm 2 ] exp. SM [9] exp.](/docs-images/92/108804237/images/13-2.jpg "SM [9] O(6) =30 o 21 0 1 228 (18) 270 (4) 258 (16) 270 (40) 1.0 1.0 22 0 1 0.06 (28) 0.5 (10) 9.5 (8) 8 (5) 0.0 0.0 23 0 1 2.3 (4) 02 2 1 83 (13) 29 (4) 22 2 1 650 (228) 260 (40) 304 (62) 350 (50) 1.")
13 Results of the Coulomb excitation experiments of 66,68 Zn 66Zn 68Zn IBM ARM B(E2) [efm 2 ] exp. SM [9] exp. SM [9] O(6) =30 o (18) 270 (4) 258 (16) 270 (40) (28) 0.5 (10) 9.5 (8) 8 (5) (4) (13) 29 (4) (228) 260 (40) 304 (62) 350 (50) (45) 10 (3) (11) 330 (50) 216 (7) 280 (40) (90) 1.2 (4) (23) (34) 9.4 (13) Q(21 + ) [efm 2 ] +24 (8) (3) -62 (17) Shell Model: J.F.A. Van Hienen, et al., Nucl. Phys. A269 (1976) 159. Model space: 56 Ni core + (2p 3/2 1f 5/2 2p 1/2 )
![Excitation Energy [MeV] 0.14 (2) 15.8 (10) 17.4 (14) 0.58 (5) 8 (5) 13.1(4) 13.1 (4) Structure of 68 Zn 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 intruder 10 (3) 5.](/docs-images/92/108804237/images/14-3.jpg "0 (8) (6 1 + ) 2 3 + 4 1 + 0 2 + + 2 1 + 0 1 6(2) Q(2 1+ ) = 0.09 (3) eb 18 (4) + 4 2 + 2 2 triaxial or -un")
14 Excitation Energy [MeV] 0.14 (2) 15.8 (10) 17.4 (14) 0.58 (5) 8 (5) 13.1(4) 13.1 (4) Structure of 68 Zn intruder 10 (3) 5.0 (8) (6 1 + ) (2) Q(2 1+ ) = 0.09 (3) eb 18 (4) triaxial or -unstable deformation [w.u.] Shell Model ( 56 Ni+ (2p 3/2 1f 5/2 2p 1/2 )) does not reproduce the excitation energies and B(E2)s relevant to the 0 2+ and 2 3+ states. => those levels are influenced by the 1g 9/2 orbit
15 Potential Energy Surfaces of 66,68 Zn calculated with Nilsson-Strutinsky model 66 Zn 66 Zn 60 O 60 O Second minima 1g 60 o 9/2 neutron orbit 68 Zn 68 Zn 60 O 60 o 0 O 0 O o 0 O First minima The 0 2+ bands of 66,68 Zn may stand on the second minima Energy [MeV] 0 o
16 Contents 1. Introduction - Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA with GEMINI-II and LUNA - 2. Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA 2.1 Ge isotopes ,68 Zn Xe (some problems encountered) 3. Plan for nuclear structure studies with RI beams at TRIAC facility of JAEA 4. Summary
17 E(4 + )/E(2 + ) Excitation Energy [kev ] Coulomb excitation experiment of Xe Shape phase transition in Xe isotopes E(4+) E(2 + ) N = M ass N um ber 54Xe: Z = qusi-rotational? A~120 -unstable? A~130 vibrational? A=134 particle excitation? A=136 (N~82) to be studied with RNB A > Xe can be considered to be -unstable nuclei because of the similarity in excitation energies of O(6) nuclei. A E(5) critical point can exist same where -unstable nuclei become spherical nuclei.
18 1298 C ounts A Spectrum observed in 132 Xe Coulomb excitation experiment Systematic study of -unstabel nuclei and shape phase transition Incident beam: 132 Xe(27.0%) 400MeV 0.6pnA Target:Al A l(844) A l(1014) 40 K (1461) 27 A l(2211) C hannel[0.5 kev /ch] 0 + 7/ 2 + 3/ 2 + 1/ 2 + 5/ Xe 27 Al
![Recoiled angle of target [deg.] Kinetic Energy [M ev ] Scattering angle of projectile in Labo.fram e [deg.](/docs-images/92/108804237/images/19-1.jpg "] 2D recoiled Al angular distribution of a position sensitive particle detector 15 10 ~50 o 0.")
![0 Scattering angle of projectile [deg.] 6.5 10.2 11.8 10.2 5 0 0 20 40 60 80 Recoiled angle of target in Labo.](/docs-images/92/108804237/images/19-2.jpg "fram e [deg] 250 132 Xe (400 MeV) + 27 Al 200 150 Al 100 0 20 35 50 65 Recoiled angle of target [deg.] (lab.")
19 Recoiled angle of target [deg.] Kinetic Energy [M ev ] Scattering angle of projectile in Labo.fram e [deg.] 2D recoiled Al angular distribution of a position sensitive particle detector ~50 o 0.0 Scattering angle of projectile [deg.] Recoiled angle of target in Labo.fram e [deg] Xe (400 MeV) + 27 Al Al Recoiled angle of target [deg.] (lab. frame) [deg.] lab.
20 Problems in GOSIA analysis Recoiled target detection in inverse kinematics -> OP, INTG command seems always to take the larger CM angles. Laboratory frame beam v G target labo detector cm(2) labo v cm beam cm(1) Yield data fort.3 is converted to fort.4 with OP, INTG option. Correction of finite seize of detector is included in the fort.4 data. OP, INTG: This option includes integration over solid angle of the particle detectors,. Input parameters mini, max : detected particle in the labo. frame 1, NT : projectile scattering angles in the labo. frame
21 Encountered problems in analysis with GOSIA 1. OP, INT (Integration) Recoiled target detection in inverse kinematics. 2. GOSIA-2 GOSIA-2 was also used for fitting 27 Al and 132 Xe data, but we do not obtain 2 -minimum with reasonal MEs, yet. (It seems to take some time to learn.) 3. Finding 2 minimum Some of MEs are not sensitive to 2. Such MEs sometimes disturb 2 -minimum finding procedure. 4. Visualization, GUI We sometimes make mistakes when we making input files. GUI or some tool would be helpful.
22 Contents 1. Introduction - Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA with GEMINI-II and LUNA - 2. Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA 2.1 Ge isotopes ,68 Zn Xe 3. Plan for nuclear structure studies with RI beams at TRIAC facility of JAEA 4. Summary
23 3. Plan for nuclear structure studies with RI beams at TRIAC facility of JAEA We will extend our systematic study with Coulomb excitation method towered unstable nuclei at TRIAC (low-energy radio active beams facility). TRIAC (Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex) 36-MeV 3- A P beam + U target JAEA-ISOL 1.4 MeV/u beam line Tokai/JAEA
24 TRIAC facility ion source of TRIAC-ISOL 18-GHz ECRIS type charge breeder SCRFQ ECR-CB IH Ion sources FEBIAD Surface Ionization IH-linac SCRFQ-linac
25 Proposal for upgrading TRIAC facility GEMINI-II
26 Contents 1. Introduction - Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA with GEMINI-II and LUNA - 2. Recent study with Coulomb excitation at JAEA 2.1 Ge isotopes ,68 Zn Xe 3. Plan for nuclear structure studies with RI beams at TRIAC facility of JAEA 4. Summary
27 Summary * Coulomb excitation experiments at JAEA have been introduced. * Some of our studies were given: - Ge: Shape coexistence, and shape exchange between the 0 + states in the increase of neutron numbers are found. - Zn: The 0 2+ states are probably effected by the 1g 9/2 orbit Xe: Analysis is in progress. Some problems encountered in analysis were also shown. * One of our future plan with an RI beam facility was shown.
28 終わり
29 GEMINI-II Top view Side view Small solid angle => Small Doppler shift High detection efficiency 25-70% Ge detectors (relative to 3" NaI scintillation detector) => total efficiency is about 1.2% Ge detectors with BGOACS:16 LOAX:3 Low background => high peak to Compton ratio are realized with the BGOACS
30 Xe can be considered to be -unstable nuclei because of the similarity in excitation energies of O(6) nuclei. R.F. Casten et al., Phys. Lett. 152 (1985) 22.
31 From -unstable shape to spherical shape Potential energy surfaces IBM model Symmetry triangle O( 6) - unst abl e E( 5) U( 5) X( 5) SU( 3) Vi br at or Rot or F. Iachello, Phys. Rev. Lett. vol85, 3580 (2000) spherical
![Single-Particle Energy [MeV] Neutron single-particle energies 55 50 50 38 = 0 o 1g 9/2 2p 1/2 1f 5/2 2p 3/2 9/2[404] 7/2[413] 1/2[431] 1/2[301] 5/2[303] 7/2[303] 9/2[404] 7/2[413] 5/2[422] 7/2[413]](/docs-images/92/108804237/images/32-2.jpg "1/2[301] 1/2[321] = 0.")
32 Single-Particle Energy [MeV] Neutron single-particle energies = 0 o 1g 9/2 2p 1/2 1f 5/2 2p 3/2 9/2[404] 7/2[413] 1/2[431] 1/2[301] 5/2[303] 7/2[303] 9/2[404] 7/2[413] 5/2[422] 7/2[413] 1/2[301] 1/2[321] = /2[422] 3/2[431] 1/2[440] 3/2[301] /2[301] 1/2[440] 36 5/2[303] /2[431] 3/2[301] 3/2[301] 3/2[312] 3/2[312] 1/2[440] 1/2[310] 1/2[310] The 0 3/2[312] 1/2[310] 2+ of 66,68 Zn may influenced 1/2[321] = 0.10 by 1g 9/2 orbit. 5/2[422] 3/2[431] 5/2[303] /2[321] /2[303]
33 Proposals at TRIAC facility Diffusion of 8 Li in materials (Material Sci.) Measurement of nuclear reaction cross sections of 8 Li (Nuclear Astrophysics) Polarized RI beam production with tilted foil method for magnetic moment measurement with -NMR (Nuclear Physics) Coulomb excitation (Nuclear Physics)
34 <r 2 > [fm 2 ] * Q-moment measurements of Sr and the others Sr Rb 38 Kr fm 2 44 Ru 42 Mo 40 Zr Pd N eutron N um ber
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