Production yields of light short lived isotopes at SARAF

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1 Production yields of light short lived isotopes at SARAF Dan Berkovits, SOREQ NRC Michael Hass, The Weizmann Institute With much help from Sergey Vaintraub

2 Talk content: Introduction Production yield calculation Proposals for experimental setup 14,15 O 6 He Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 2

3 Project ( ) aim A feasibility study for a RIB facility and proposals for a relatively low cost RIB apparatus at SARAF, in order to enlarge experimental nuclear science infrastructure and promote the research in the field in Israel. Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 3

4 SARAF is a multi-application facility based on a 40 MeV p / d / H 2+ 2 ma linac Only a small fraction of the beam time can be devoted for RIB low cost Significant contribution to front end nuclear science using the unique beam characters of SARAF Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 4

5 First direct reaction yield calculations Energy current (MeV,mA) 40, 2 Proton 40, 2 Deuteron 40, 0.2 Alpha Target product Yield(a/s) product Yield(a/s) product Yield(a/s) Li7 C12 He6 5.09E+11 Li8 1.56E+13 Li9 4.18E+08 Be7 1.27E+13 Be7 1.59E+13 Be E+11 Be7 9.62E+11 Li8 3.32E+09 Be E+08 Be7 3.63E+08 C E+10 B8 2.34E+11 Be E+05 C E+10 C E+10 B8 4.72E+08 N E+08 C E+13 B E+12 O E+09 N E+08 C E+12 O E+11 N E+12 N E+11 N E+12 Compare to: Texas A&M MeV/u Triumf 8x MeV/u Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 5

6 Highest interest candidates and production schemes for RIB in SARAF 1. Direct reaction 14 N(d,2n) 14 O 14 N(d,n) 15 O 2. Two-stage production 9 Be(d,xn) 9 Be(n,α) 6 He Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 6

7 14 O (t 1/2 =70.6 s) 15 O (t 1/2 =122.2 s) Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 7

8 CNO cycle breakout Very Hot CN(O)-Cycle still beta limited 14 O(α,p) 17 F T 9 ~ 0.3 Mg (12) Na (11) Ne (10) F (9) O (8) N (7) C (6) α flow T 1/2 =1.7s Breakout processing beyond CNO cycle after breakout via: T 9 >~ 0.3 T 9 >~ O(α,γ) 19 Ne 18 Ne(α,p) 21 Na Mg (12) Na (11) Ne (10) F (9) O (8) N (7) C (6) Downloaded from: H. Schatz 3α flow Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 8

Neutron Star Understanding X-ray bursts Understanding Red

9 Mass accretion from a companion into a white-dwarf or neutron star Accretion Disk Donor Star ( normal star) Neutron Star Understanding X-ray bursts Understanding Red Giant to White Dwarf mass transfer Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 9

10 Cross section calculation benchmark 300 Cross section (mb) N(d,n) 15 O 6(2003-fit) Alice 1(98) 2(90) 3(77) 4(69) 5(85) EmpireII Deuteron energy (MeV) Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 10

11 Production of 14 O via (p,n) Cross Section (mb) N(p,n) 14 O half-life of 14 O is 70.6 sec and not included in yield calculations CS [mb] CS Fit Alice Yield [at/s] 1.5E E E E E+11 Yield (atoms/sec) (per 2 ma p) Proton Energy (MeV) 0.0E+00 Exp.: Kovacs, Radiochimica Acta 2003 Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 11

12 Production of 14 O via (d,2n) E N(d,2n) 14 O Cross Section (mb) Alice EmpireII Alice Yield [at/s] EmpireII Yield [at/s] Empire II Alice 3.2E E E E+11 Yield (atoms/sec) (Intensity 2mA) Deuteron energy (MeV) 0.0E+00 Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 12

13 Yield as function of projectile 4.0E N(projectile,xn) 14 O Yield (at/s) (per 2 ma p) 3.2E E E E+11 (p,n) (d,2n) H2 2*(p,n) (p,n) H 2 => 2p => 2*(p,n) (d,2n) 0.0E Projectile Energy (MeV) Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 13

14 Cross Section (mb) Production of 15 O Alice EmpireII Alice Yield [at/s] EmpireII Yield [at/s] 0 0.0E Deuteron energy (MeV) 14 N(d,n) 15 O Alice Cross Section (mb) Empire II E E E E E O(p,pn) 15 O Yield (atoms/sec) (Intensity 2mA) Alice Alice-fit Yield [at/s] Proton energy (MeV) 4.0E E E E E+12 GANIL: 2x MeV/u pps Yield (atoms/sec) (Intensity 2mA) Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 14

15 14 O setup in SARAF Combined driver-post accelerator d + and 14 O 7+ beam 20 MeV/u, M/q=2 linac 80 kw Li jet stripper Highly charged ion source p, d ion source Deuterium gas Existing 2010 Oxygen chemical analysis high resolution mass spectrometer RIB experimental area 14 O 8+ d + 80 kw production target 14 N(d,2n) 14 O CO gas Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 15

16 14 O transmission d + and 14 O 7+ beam 20 MeV/u, M/q=2 linac 0.9 [2] 80 kw Li jet stripper 10-4 [1] >0.5 [3] Highly charged ion source p, d ion source Deuterium gas Oxygen chemical analysis high resolution mass spectrometer RIB experimental area 14 O 8+ d + 80 kw production target 14 N(d,2n) 14 O CO gas [1] J. Powell et al. NIM B 204 (2003) 440 [2] SARAF CDR RFQ specified value [3] Stripping probability Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 16

17 Combined driver-post accelerator Suitable for other isotopes too, depending on the on-line chemistry and charge breeding efficiency. Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 17

18 6 He (t 1/2 =807 ms) Two-stage production 9 Be(d,xn) 9 Be(n,α) 6 He 9 Be(d,xn) 9 Be(n,2n) 9 Be(n,α) 6 He Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 18

19 Motivation for 6 He (1) Halo nuclei nuclear structure physics Wang PRL 2004 Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 19

20 Motivation for 6 He (2) β-beam neutrino oscillations Production of an intense collimated neutrino (anti neutrino) beam directed at neutrino detectors via β decay of accelerated radioactive ions Benedikt EPAC He 6 Li e - ν 18 Ne 18 Fe + ν Optimization of production and extraction mechanism Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 20

Physics Letters 2005 Reactor neutrinos High background Poorly-known

21 Motivation for 6 He (3) Neutrino magnetic moment standard model McLaughlin and Volpe Phys. Lett Daraktchieva et al. Physics Letters 2005 Reactor neutrinos High background Poorly-known spectrum Giomataris, hep-ex/ Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 21

22 6 He production (n,α) cross section Be(n,α) 6 He Cross section (mb) Bass 1961 Savilev 1958 Stelson 1957 Stelson 1957 MCNP neutron energy (MeV) Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 22

23 Two stage production scheme Primary target Li Secondary target 9 Be 1 cm fast n 9 Be(n,2n) 8 Be R=5 cm 2 ma 80 kw 9 Be(n,α) 6 He L=5 cm D=5 cm 7 Li(d,xn) Li target adapted from P. Grand and A.N. Goland, NIM 145 (1977) 49, under development for SARAF by M. Paul et al. Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 23

24 n flux in the secondary target (SARAF) 5.0E-03 n flux per initial n (1/cm 2 ) 4.5E E E E E E E E E-04 z n-source (0,0,0) y 5cm 100% natural density Be 10cm x total 0-1 cm 4-5 cm 9-10 cm MCNP K. Lavie 0.0E neutron enrgy (MeV) Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 24

25 flux cross section overlap n in Be target 3.5E E+12 Cross section (mb) Be(n,2n) 9 Be(n,α) 6 He 2.5E E E E+12 n flux per 2 ma d (s -1 ) E E n energy (MeV) Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 25

26 Preliminary MCNP 6 He yield simulation Primary target Li Secondary target 9 Be 1 cm fast n 9 Be(n,2n) 8 Be R=5 cm 2 ma 80 kw 7 Li(d,xn) 9 Be(n,α) 6 He L=5 cm D=5 cm 2.5E+13 2E+13 D=5 cm D=10 cm Simulated by Keren Lavie Assuming: 1. a source target of solid Beryllium in place of liquid Li. 6 He yield (atm/s) 1.5E+13 1E+13 5E Secondary Be target at natural density Be target radius (cm) Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 26

27 Production rate comparison Site Ref. Production rate ( 6 He/s) Available for experiment ( 6 He/s) SARAF This work 2.4x x10 11 * Beta-beam [i] 6.3x x10 11 Ganil-SPIRAL [ii] 9x10 7 Dubna-DRIB [iii] 1.5x10 5 Louvain-la-Neuve [iv] 5 x10 9 9x10 6 * 3x10 11 assuming transmission efficiency as in [i] [i] P. Zucchelli, "A novel concept for an anti ν e /ν e neutrino factory: the beta-beam", Physics Letters B 532 (2002) [ii] F. Chautard, SPIRAL Radioactive ion beam intensities, updated May (2005), [iii] YU.TS. OGANESSIAN, "DRIBs: The Dubna Project for Radioactive Ion Beams", (2000). [iv] M. Trotta, et al, "Large Enhancement of the Sub-barrier Fusion Probability for a Halo Nucleus", Phys. Rev. Lett. 84(2000)2342. Nature Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 27

28 Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 28

29 Next step in simulation Optimization: By adding a Be reflector As function of Be target density (~10%) Including construction metals As function of L, D and R 10% R L D Be reflector Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 29

30 MCNP simulation in the Be amplifier of the neutron radiography camera Deuteron D 2 O 5 cm Production rate Be ring 6 He/s (10 13 ) beam 2 ma 40 MeV Be inner central outer Total He flow 6 He out Calculated by M. Caner Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 30

31 6 He preliminary setup I in Saraf excluding a post-accelerator 40 MeV d linac p, d ion source Existing 2010 RIB experimental area d + 80 kw thermal n camera 9 Be(d,xn) 9 Be(n,α) 6 He Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 31

32 6 He preliminary setup II in Saraf excluding a post-accelerator 40 MeV d linac p, d ion source Existing 2010 RIB experimental area d + 80 kw thermal n camera 9 Be(d,xn) 9 Be(n,α) 6 He mass spectrometer Ion source Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 32

Production of other isotopes 1000.0 11B(n,p)11Be 11B(n,a)8Li 1000.0 19F(n,p)19O 19F(n,a)16N Cross section (mb) 100.0 10.0 1.0 Cross section (mb) 100.0 10.0 1.0 0.

33 Production of other isotopes B(n,p)11Be 11B(n,a)8Li F(n,p)19O 19F(n,a)16N Cross section (mb) Cross section (mb) neutron energy (MeV) neutron energy (MeV) dn dt Analytical calculation ( 8 ) 13 8 Li = [ Li / s] Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 33

Production of other isotopes Cross section (mb) 1000.0 10

0 10.0 1.0 27Al(n,p)27Mg 27Al(n,a)24Na 0.

34 Production of other isotopes Cross section (mb) Na(n,p)23Ne 23Na(n,a)20F Cross section (mb) Al(n,p)27Mg 27Al(n,a)24Na neutron energy (MeV) neutron energy (MeV) Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 34

35 END Dan Berkovits, RIB workshop at WIS 35

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