RNB at GANIL from SPIRAL to SPIRAL 2

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Intent for SPIRAL 2 See also talks of: Y.

1 RNB at GANIL from SPIRAL to SPIRAL 2 GANIL/SPIRAL facility Recent highlights Future SPIRAL 2 facility Layout of the facility Scientific opportunities Letters of Intent for SPIRAL 2 See also talks of: Y. Blumenfeld, G. Georgiev and J.M. Daugas 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 1

2 Caen Paris

3 Accelerators Experimental Area Offices CIRIL Restaurant Guest House CYCERON 14/06/06 3

Layout of the GANIL facility STABLE BEAMS from C to U energies up to 95 A.MeV intensities up to 2.

4 Layout of the GANIL facility STABLE BEAMS from C to U energies up to 95 A.MeV intensities up to pps (6 kw) RIB production schemes in-flight method : SISSI, LISE ISOL method : SPIRAL (SIRA) Use of this two techniques in the same lab is a unique feature Up to hours of stable and radioactive beams per year 14/06/06 4

5 GANIL/SPIRAL Ion Source CSS1 CSS2 Heavy-Ion Radioactive Beam Heavy-Ion Stable Beam ECRIS Target & Ion Source Carbon Target CIME Container Target 14/06/06 Marek Lewitowicz GANIL 5

Available and possible RIBs at SPIRAL 7 elements, about 40 isotopes Used for experiments Z 20 Available Available, to be controlled Possible, to be controlled R&D possible Seen with the Shypie source

6 Available and possible RIBs at SPIRAL 7 elements, about 40 isotopes Used for experiments Z 20 Available Available, to be controlled Possible, to be controlled R&D possible Seen with the Shypie source Ar Kr Ion 6 He 1+ I (pps) and E 3x AMeV 10 F O N Ne 18 8 He 1+, 8 He Ne 4+ 6x10 5,3x ,15.4 AMeV 2x AMeV 6 8 He N 76 Kr 11+, 74 Kr x10 5, 1x AMeV PURE RI BEAMS! About 17 different RIB used in exp....and recently 15 O, 24,26 Ne, 44,46 Ar 200 RIB shifts/year

7 16 F Experimental study of 16 F E x,γ x,j π Elastic scattering H( 15 O,p) 15 O 15 O Spiral beam pps 1.2 MeV/A Polypropylene target (H 6 C 3 ) thickness 2.7 mg/cm 2 protons scattered from the target FWHM=13.4 kev for MeV α detector 16 F structure R-matrix (Ex, J π, Γ) H( 14 N,p) 14 N H( 15 N,p) 15 N Best resolution at 0 Energy (au) 14/06/06 I. Stefan 7 Cross-section (au)

8 Measured excitation functions H( 14 N,p) 14 N E x,γ,j π 15 O R-matrix S p =7.297 MeV H( 15 N,p) 15 N 16 O S p = MeV H( 15 O,p) 15 O 16 F S p = MeV E x,γ,j π R-matrix E x,γ,j π R-matrix 14 N(p,p) 14 N 15 N(p,p) 15 N E lab (MeV) E lab (MeV) 15 O(p,p) 15 O E lab (MeV) 14/06/06 I. Stefan 8 dσ/dω(mb/st) dσ/dω(mb/st) PRELIMINARY dσ/dω(mb/st) Г p =1.3 kev

V c (MeV) 1/2-15 O+p E 0 β + γ 1- E 1 16 F What about the 15 O(p,γ) 16 F gs (β + )? p E 1 = 0.734 MeV 0- γ M1 τ γ =1 ps Q β =13.3 MeV E 0 = 0.536 MeV p β + 16 O p G.Audi, A.H.

9 V c (MeV) 1/2-15 O+p E 0 β + γ 1- E 1 16 F What about the 15 O(p,γ) 16 F gs (β + )? p E 1 = MeV 0- γ M1 τ γ =1 ps Q β =13.3 MeV E 0 = MeV p β + 16 O p G.Audi, A.H. Wapstra and C. Thibault, Nucl. Phys. A 729, 337 (2003); D.R. Tilley et al., Nucl. Phys. A564, 1 (1993) Competitive reaction rate? PRELIMINARY β + r (fm) 14/06/06 I. Stefan 9

Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42

M/Q 48 Ca 47 K 46 Ar 45 Cl 44 S 43 P 42 N=28

10 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 Experimental set-up In-beam γ Spectroscopy: SISSI+ALPHA 48 Ca C 44 S Be S GANIL-Caen _ E an SPEG SPEG 42 PRELIMINARY M/Q 48 Ca 47 K 46 Ar 45 Cl 44 S 43 P 42 N=28 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 - Beyhan Bastin

Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 Results: 38 2 + 0 + : 1081 ± 8 kev ref: 1084 ± 20 kev 1185 ± 10 kev NEW PRELIMINARY 500 1000

11 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 Results: : 1081 ± 8 kev ref: 1084 ± 20 kev 1185 ± 10 kev NEW PRELIMINARY E(keV) Z= Ca 47 K 46 Ar 45 Cl 44 S 43 P 42 N=28 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 - Beyhan Bastin

Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 Results: 40 624 ± 10 kev NEW 2 + 0 + : 991 ± 10 kev ref: 990 ± 20 kev PRELIMINARY 500 1000

12 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 Results: ± 10 kev NEW : 991 ± 10 kev ref: 990 ± 20 kev PRELIMINARY E(keV) Z= Ca 47 K 46 Ar 45 Cl 44 S 43 P 42 N=28 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 - Beyhan Bastin

Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 Results: 42 2 + 0 + : 770 ± 15 kev NEW To be published PRELIMINARY 500 1000 1500 2000

13 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 Results: : 770 ± 15 kev NEW To be published PRELIMINARY E(keV) Z= Ca 47 K 46 Ar 45 Cl 44 S 43 P 42 N=28 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 - Beyhan Bastin

14 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 0 E(2 + ) (kev) Z= LOW energy observed for the first 2 + state in = deformed nucleus Magicity Ca S Deformation N PRELIMINARY 40 Loss of magicity at N=28 for isotopes Ca 47 K 46 Ar 45 Cl 44 S 43 P 42 N=28 In contradiction with J.Fridmann et al. [Nature vol.435(2005)03619] Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 - Beyhan Bastin

A~70 near N=Z prolate and oblate states within small energy

15 Shapes of atomic nuclei Oblate Prolate Quadrupole deformation of the nuclear ground states oblate ground states predicted for A~70 near N=Z prolate and oblate states within small energy range shape coexistence M. Girod, CEA Bruyères-le-Châtel Andreas Görgen 15

16 Systematics of the light krypton isotopes prolate oblate Kr 74 Kr 76 Kr 78 Kr energy of excited 0 + E0 strengths ρ 2 (E0) configuration mixing Inversion of ground state shape for 72 Kr Coulomb excitation to determine the nuclear shapes directly ρ 2 (E0) Mixing of the ground state E. Bouchez et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, (2003) Andreas Görgen 16

Coulomb excitation of 74 Kr and 76 Kr EXOGAM SPIRAL beams 76 Kr 5 10 5 pps 74 Kr

17 Coulomb excitation of 74 Kr and 76 Kr EXOGAM SPIRAL beams 76 Kr pps 74 Kr 10 4 pps 4.7 MeV/u Pb PRELIMINARY Acta Phys. Pol. B 36, 1281 (2005) Andreas Görgen 17

18 Quadrupole moments Q 0 in 74 Kr and 76 Kr E. Clément et al., to be published Kr (4 + 2 ) 76 Kr eb eb eb eb eb eb eb PRELIMINARY eb direct confirmation of the prolate oblate shape coexistence first reorientation measurement with radioactive beam Andreas Görgen 18

Study of the N=28 shell closure in Ar chain through (d,p) reaction First experiment with radioactive beam of 46 Ar @ 10 MeV.

19 Study of the N=28 shell closure in Ar chain through (d,p) reaction First experiment with radioactive beam of MeV.A θ p, E p 47 Ar SPEG SPIRAL/GANIL CD 2 MUST array Transfer reaction (d,p) GS FWHM : 175 kev d p θ p,e p f p 5/2 1/2 28 ν Ar p 3/2 f 7/2 L.Gaudefroy et al. to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett. See talk of Y. Blumenfeld tomorrow 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 19

20 GANIL discoveries Exotic nuclei Proton drip-line Light nuclei

21 Existing GANIL Accelerators CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams E < 25 AMeV, 1-8 AMeV for FF Existing GANIL Exp. Area Direct beam line CIME- G1/G2 caves Low energy RNB (DESIR) Production Cave C converter+uc x target fissions/s Stable Heavy-Ion Exp. Hall RFQ Deuteron source 5mA Superconducting LINAC E 14.5 AMeV for heavy Ions A/q=3 E 20 A MeV for deuterons (A/q=2 ions) E 33 MeV for protons Heavy-Ion ECR source (A/q=3), 1mA

22 Layout of the SPIRAL 2 LINAC x12 x18 E 20 A MeV, 5mA, deuterons (A/q=2 ions) E 33 MeV 5mA, protons E 14.5 AMeV, 1mA, heavy Ions A/q=3 (extension possible for A/q=6) MOU with SARAF 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 22

23 LINAG Heavy-Ion Beam Challenge Choice of the HI source: Phoenix V2 - competitive for A<50 A-Phoenix - competitive for A<70 (but not included in the construction budget) A/Q=6 extension (4 times more expensive than A-Phoenix) 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 23

Fast neutron induced fission Goal : Up to 10 14 fissions/s 5mA deuterons 40 MeV C

24 Fast neutron induced fission Goal : Up to fissions/s 5mA deuterons 40 MeV C neutrons UCx 2000 C diffusion / effusion Source 1+ n+ Marek Lewitowicz, GANIL 14/06/06

25 SPIRAL 2 yields of fission fragment after acceleration compared to other RNB facilities (best numbers for all) Today Today 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 25

26 Light and N=Z RIB at SPIRAL 2 Rough Estimation of Yields (Examples) RI Beam Reaction Production method Yield (min. - max.) in pps 6 He 9 Be(n,α) 6 He ISOL 5x C 14 N(p,α) 11 C ISOL x O 15 N(d,2n) 15 O ISOL 3x Ne 19 F(p,2n) 18 Ne ISOL 6x10 6-7x Ar 35 Cl(p,2n) 34 Ar ISOL 2x10 6-2x Ni 58 Ni(p,p2n) 56 Ni Batch mode 2x Cu 58 Ni(p,n) 58 Cu Batch mode Zn 24 Mg+ 58 Ni In-flight < 3x10 4 Reactions to be used: transfer, fusion-evaporation, deep-inelastic 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 26

27 light beams heavy ions RIB induced reactions Regions of the Chart of Nuclei Accessible with SPIRAL 2 Beams Production of radioactive beams/targets: (n,α), (p,n) etc. N=Z Isol+In-flight SHE Transfermiums In-flight Fusion reaction with n-rich beams Fission products (with converter) Fission products (without converter) Deep Inelastic Reactions with RIB High Intensity Light RIB 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 27

28 PRELIMINARY Road Accelerator RIB Production Building S 3, n-tof, Atomic Phys 50m DESIR PRELIMINARY GANIL 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 28

with SPIRAL 2 (5 simultaneous beams) 3 simultaneous

29 Operation of GANIL with SPIRAL 2 Operation of the accelerators: 66 weeks today (3 beams) 120 weeks with SPIRAL 2 (5 simultaneous beams) 3 simultaneous beams for nucl. phys. Marek Lewitowicz, GANIL 14/06/06

30 Reference planning and phases Reference Project Def. Safety authorisation Construction of LINAG Reference Planning Buildings construction Phase 1 >10 12 fiss./s Possible scenario Stable ion beams from LINAG PRELIMINARY Cost of the facility: 130M RIB from non - fissile targets RIB of fission fragments > fiss./s Phase 2 Goal: fiss./s RIB of fission fragments fiss./s 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 30

31 SPIRAL2 «Scientific Objectives» Final Version on Web to be printed soon Thanks to all (>110) contributors 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 31

The scientific case of SPIRAL 2 Heavy and Super Heavy Elements N=Z rp-process Position of drip-lines r-process path Equation of State Role of Isospin Shell structure far

32 The scientific case of SPIRAL 2 Heavy and Super Heavy Elements N=Z rp-process Position of drip-lines r-process path Equation of State Role of Isospin Shell structure far from stability Spins Spins&Shapes & Shapes Haloes & Structures in the Continuum Neutrons for science Atomic & solid state physics Isotope production 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 32

33 Neutrons For Science at SPIRAL 2: ntof - like facility Fission Minor actinides, main isotopes Cross section Neutron spectrum, multiplicity Prompt fission gammas Detailed A and Z distributions Delayed neutron yields and precursor characteristics Scattering Secondary neutron energy and angle differential cross sections Inelastic scattering Fusion reactors Astrophysics 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 33

Goals: SPIRAL 2 - Letters of intent Assess the technical feasibility, space, infrastructure requirements and cost for experiments Identify new equipment to be constructed Formalise collaborations of

34 Goals: SPIRAL 2 - Letters of intent Assess the technical feasibility, space, infrastructure requirements and cost for experiments Identify new equipment to be constructed Formalise collaborations of the SPIRAL 2 users Form a basis allowing to define priorities for the scientific programme of SPIRAL 2 Procedure and schedule: 1. Call for LoI - May 26 th Dead-line for LoI: October 2 nd Evaluation of LoI by SAC + additional experts (if necessary) - October 19 & 20 th 2006 will include oral presentations of all LoI 3. Call for proposals aiming in construction of new detectors gnature of MoU by collaborations constructing detectors in /06/06 M. Lewitowicz 34

The SPIRAL2 Project and experiments with high-intensity rare isotope beams

The SPIRAL2 Project and experiments with high-intensity rare isotope beams Marek Lewitowicz GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, BP 55027, 14076 Caen Cedex, France Lewitowicz@ganil.fr Abstract. The SPIRAL2 facility