Dual-Pol Refresher and Previous Research Christina Crowe Journeyman Forecaster WFO Huntsville, AL
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1 Uses f Dual-Pl Radar fr Trnades: Mre Than Just Debris Dual-Pl Refresher and Previus Research Christina Crwe Jurneyman Frecaster WFO Huntsville, AL
2 Dual-Pl Variable Refresher: What d they mean? Hrizntal Reflectivity: Z H Smaller drps Larger drps higher values heavier rainfall r hail (alne cannt be used t differentiate between the tw) Differential Reflectivity: Z DR Spherical Hydrmeters Mre blate hydrmeters (think burger buns) Hail r very small, spherical raindrps Typical Range Very large raindrps (water cated hail *C-band) rati f reflectivity returned in the hrizntal and vertical plarizatins gives infrmatin abut Specific drp Differential size (typical range Phase: -2 t K6 DP db) larger Z DR larger/mre blate drp sizes Lwer values LWC near zer spherical hydrmeters such as small raindrps Higher LWC (smaller cncentratin (when c-lcated with small Z (greater cncentratin H ) r large hail (when c-lcated with large Z H ) f larger drps) f smaller drps) Related t drp size and liquid water cntent Used with Z DR t get better rainfall rate estimates
3 Dual-Pl Variables: Z DR arc, Dynamics & Thermdynamics Z DR arc (e.g. Rmine et al 2008, Kumjian & Ryzhkv 2008) In trnadic and nn-trnadic strms Lwest 1-2km f strm right side f cell, alng Z H gradient values ften >5 db (trnadic >6 db) sign f lcatins f weaker vertical velcities just utside f cre Landfalling TC Outbreak case had arcs, values > 6 db, and spatial separatin f dual-pl fields (Crwe et al 2010) Evidence f size srting, micrphysics, and thermdynamics f RFD (evapratin) Ttal size srting results in enhanced Z DR alng right flank & increased K DP in frward flank (left f Z DR ) Rmine et al 2008 Larger K DP, Smaller Z DR = smaller raindrps, larger liquid water cntent Smaller K DP, Larger Z DR = larger raindrps, smaller liquid water cntent
4 Dual-Pl Variables: SRH estimatin & Radar Type Caveats Z DR arc and SRH: (Kumjian & Ryzhkv 2009 mdeling study) Inc. directinal shear mre substantial arc Strnger wind shear = greater size srting = increased mag f Z DR Lcalized Lw Level SRH estimated cmbining Surface Wind Vectr Strm Mtin Vectr Estimated SR winds in layer immediately abve the arc (perpendicular t majr axis f arc) Ntes fr C- (research t fllw) vs. S-band: K DP ~ 1 / radar wavelength (C-band = 2x higher values than S-band) Z DR depends n differential resnance respnse at different wavelengths N significant differences at lwer values (~3dB) Higher values (>6dB) mre rare at S-band Hail signature f Z DR ~ 0 db mre apparent in S-band (water cated hail = Mie issues at C-band large Z DR values)
5 Our Events Octber 26, 2010 April 27, 2011 Warnings: 39 Trnades: 4 (EF1-0) Warnings: 92 Trnades: 40 (EF0-5) Widespread Supercells POD: 100% FAR: 88% LEAD: 14 Data frm: ARMOR Dual-Plarimetric Radar (C-band) 9 Strms In Range All Mdes POD: 92% FAR: 49% LEAD: 17 8 Strms In Range
6 Results - Octber 26 Trnadic Cell Nn-Trnadic Cell
7 Results - April 27 Trnadic Cell Nn-Trnadic Cell
8 1611 Z 1620 Z 1629 Z 1611 Z What abut QLCS? ZH 35dBZ = yellw 45 dbz = red ZDR 3dB = red 6dB = white KDP 1.0 km-1 = blue/grey 2.0 km-1 = blue EF 1 Trnad (10min) Other nn-trnadic sectin 3.0 km-1 = green
9 What have we learned? Dual-pl fields shw different behavir in trnadic vs. nn-trnadic strms Indicate different dynamics & thermdynamics f the nearstrm envirnment Near strm SRH increases = enhanced Z DR arc Enhanced size srting leads t separatin f dual pl fields Micrphysics RFD thermdynamics and Gldilcks syndrme KDP vs. ZDR separatin mst useful Nn-trnadic perids had higher Z DR values back int the hk Nn-trnadic perids had greater verlap f fields Trnadic perids had better spatial separatin f fields and mre apparent Z DR arcs (mre substantial arcs n April 27 th ) QLCS cases als shw sme separatin f fields Threshld f 6dB in arc des nt wrk in all cases Wrked better in higher shear case days S-band als reacts differently than C-band (need fr addtl. research) Use nrmalized Z DR fr threshld in different env./strm types? (Kumjian 2010) Ptential utilizatin in QLCS cases
10 Thank Yu Crwe, C.C., W.A. Petersen, L.D. Carey, and D.J. Cecil, 2010: A dual-plarizatin investigatin f trnad-warned cells assciated with Hurricane Rita (2005). Electrnic J. Operatinal Meter., EJ4. ( Crwe, C.C., C.J. Schultz, M. Kumjian, L.D. Carey, and W.A. Petersen, 2012: Use f dual-plarizatin signatures in diagnsing trnadic ptential. Electrnic J. Operatinal Meter., EJ5. ( Check the references sectins f these papers fr ther great dual-pl resurces! Questins? Feel free t cntact me at Christina.Crwe@naa.gv WFO Huntsville, AL
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