Magnetic Properties of Metals Supplement to Volume 19

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1 Landolt-Börnstein Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology New Series / Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen Group III: Condensed Matter Volume 32 Magnetic Properties of Metals Supplement to Volume 19 Subvolume C Alloys and Compounds of d-elements with Main Group Elements. Part 2 Editor: H.P.J. Wijn Contributors: K.-U. Neumann, T. Ohoyama, N. Yamada, K.R.A. Ziebeck 1 3

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3 Editor H.P.J. Wijn Institut für Werkstoffe der Elektrotechnik der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Templergraben 55, D Aachen, Germany Contributors to Subvolume III/32C K.-U. Neumann Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom Heusler alloys T. Ohoyama Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry University of Electro-Communications Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo , Japan 3d elements and C, Si, Ge, Sn or Pb N. Yamada Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry University of Electro-Communications Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo , Japan 3d elements and C, Si, Ge, Sn or Pb K.R.A. Ziebeck Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom Heusler alloys Landolt-Börnstein Editorial Office Gagernstr. 8, D Darmstadt, Germany fax: +49 (6151) Internet

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5 Contents of Subvolume III/32 C List of symbols... List of abbreviations.... IX XII 1 Magnetic properties of 3d, 4d, and 5d elements, alloys and compounds d elements (H.P.J. WIJN)...see subvolume III/32A 1.2 Alloys between 3d elements (H.P.J. WIJN)...see subvolume III/32A 1.3 4d and 5d elements, alloys and compounds between themselves or with main group elements (S. MISAWA, K. KANEMATSU)...see subvolume III/32A 1.4 Alloys and compounds of 3d elements with 4d or 5d elements (M. SHIGA, H. WADA)...see subvolume III/32A 1.5 Alloys and compounds of 3d elements with main group elements d elements with Cu, Ag or Au (Y. NAKAI, Y. TSUNODA)..see subvolume III/32B d elements and Be, Mg, Zn or Hg (H.P.J. WIJN)...see subvolume III/19B d elements with B, Al, Ga, In or Tl (J.G. BOOTH)...see subvolume III/32B d elements and C, Si, Ge, Sn or Pb (T. OHOYAMA, N. YAMADA) Introduction Ti and V alloys and compounds Cr alloys and compounds Mn alloys and compounds Fe alloys and compounds Alloys and compounds with C and Si Alloys and compounds with Ge Alloys and compounds with Sn Co and Ni alloys and compounds MM'X ternary compounds References for

6 VIII Contents Heusler alloys (K.R.A. ZIEBECK, K.-U. NEUMANN) Introduction Structural properties Crystallography Ternary phase diagrams Ni-Mn-Sn Ni-Fe-Al Ni-Hf-Al Mg-(R)-Ag Pd-Y-Sn Kinematics of phase transition Deformation Hydrogen absorption Films/ribbons Bulk magnetic properties Introduction Arrott plots Introduction Mean field description of magnetic phase transition and Landau form of the free energy Magnetisation and Arrott plots Arrott plots for two magnetic subsystems Ferromagnetic and / or antiferromagnetic order Discussion Experimental results Ferromagnets Antiferromagnetism Paramagnetic C1b compounds Quaternary Neutron scattering Neutron diffraction Crystalline electric fields Phase transitions Electrical properties Electrical resistivity Galvanomagnetic properties Superconductivity Thermal properties Hyperfine fields Band structure Introduction Cohesion and phase transitions Electronic structures Magneto-optics References for

7 List of symbols Symbol Unit Quantity a, b, c nm, Å lattice parameters a us db cm 1 ultrasonic attenuation B Pa bulk modulus B T, G magnetic induction B cr T, G metamagnetic transition field B r T, G residual induction (BH) max J m 3, G Oe maximum energy product C p J kg 1 K 1 heat capacity at constant pressure C V J kg 1 K 1 heat capacity at constant volume c m s 1 sound velocity c ij Pa elastic constants D ev Å 2, THz Å 2 q 2 -expansion coefficient of the spinwave energy E J, erg, ev, Ry energy E Pa Young's modulus E a J m 3, Pa anisotropy energy E a J m 3, Pa magnetoelastic anomaly E b ev binding energy E F ev Fermi energy e/a electrons per atom e 2 qq mm s 1 nuclear quadrupole coupling constant eqv zz mm s 1 nuclear quadrupole coupling constant f magnetic form factor f T de Haas van Alphen frequency G Hz Gilbert damping parameter G Pa shear modulus g g-factor H J enthalpy H A m 1, Oe magnetic field H A A m 1, Oe magnetic anisotropy field H c A m 1, Oe coercive field H ext A m 1, Oe external magnetic field H hf, H hyp A m 1, Oe magnetic hyperfine field h J s Planck's constant J s Planck's constant divided by 2π h, k, l Miller indices I intensity I A electrical current J total angular momentum J ev exchange constant K Knight shift K Å 1 wavevector

8 X List of symbols Symbol Unit Quantity K J m 3, erg cm 3, Pa anisotropy constant K n J m 3, erg cm 3, Pa n th -order magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants k B J K 1 Boltzmann constant L orbital angular momentum l/l linear magnetostriction M A m 1, T, G magnetization M r A m 1, T, G remanence M s A m 1, T, G saturation magnetization m z A m 1, T, G magnetization component N(E F ), N F states ev 1 at 1 density of states at the Fermi energy n states ev 1 at 1 density of states P neutron polarization P(H) probability distribution p Pa, bar pressure p µ B atomic magnetic moment p µ B average atomic magnetic moment p at µ B magnetic moment per atom p eff µ B effective paramagnetic moment Q J g 1 heat of transformation Q mm s 1 quadrupole shift Q V K 1 thermoelectric power Q, q Å 1 wavevector q c /q s Rhodes Wohlfarth ratio R J mol 1 K 1 gas constant R Ω electrical resistance R m 3 C 1 Hall coefficient R 0 m 3 C 1 ordinary Hall coefficient R s m 3 C 1 extraordinary Hall coefficient S spin angular momentum S J K 1 entropy S V K 1 thermoelectric power S(K) barn sr 1 at 1 elastic differential scattering function T K, C temperature T a K annealing temperature T C K Curie temperature T cr K critical temperature T f K spin-freezing temperature T g K spin-glass transition temperature T N K Néel temperature T R K spin reorientation temperature T t K transition temperature T 1 s longitudinal nuclear spin relaxation time t s time V V voltage V zz V cm 2 zz-component of electric field gradient V m 3 volume v m s 1 velocity x, y composition α V K 1 thermoelectric power α K 1 linear thermal expansion coefficient

9 List of symbols XI Symbol Unit Quantity α V K 1 volume thermal expansion coefficient Γ erg g 1 torque Γ mev linewidth, damping constant γ Hz G 1 gyromagnetic ratio γ J mol 1 K 2 electronic specific heat coefficient mm s 1 quadrupole splitting δ mm s 1 isomer shift δ incommensurability factor, δ = 1 Qa/2π ε linear strain ς reduced wavevector Θ K paramagnetic Curie temperature Θ D K Debye temperature θ deg angle κ Å 1 inverse correlation length κ W m 1 K 1 thermal conductivity λ magnetostriction λ Å wavelength λ s 1 relaxation rate µ relative permeability µ i initial permeability µ 0 T m A 1 permeability of the vacuum ν s 1, Hz frequency ν Q mm s 1 quadrupole splitting ρ g cm 3 density ρ cm 2 dislocation density ρ Ω m electrical resistivity ρ H Ω m Hall resistivity ρ/ρ magnetoresistance σ A m 2 kg 1, bulk magnetic moment per unit of mass V s m kg 1, G cm 3 g 1 σ A m 2 mol 1, bulk magnetic moment per mole V s m mol 1, G cm 3 mol 1 σ Pa stress σ barn cross section τ s relaxation time τ s 1 relaxation rate φ deg angle χ g m 3 kg 1, cm 3 g 1 magnetic susceptibility per unit of mass χ V magnetic susceptibility per unit of volume χ m m 3 mol 1, cm 3 mol 1 magnetic susceptibility per mole χ P Pauli susceptibility χ' real part of the complex magnetic susceptibility χ'' imaginary part of the complex magnetic susceptibility χ 1, χ 2 nonlinear magnetic susceptibility Ω sr solid angle ω volume magnetostriction ω rad s 1 angular precession frequency ω ev excitation energy

10 List of abbreviations a.u. ac AF ASRO at av bcc bct BPP CG cl cr ct cub dc dhva dis DOS eff el ESR ext F FC fcc fct FWHM hcp HF hf inf int atomic unit alternating current antiferromagnetic atomic short range order atom average body-centered cubic body-centered tetragonal Bloembergen Purcell Pound cluster glass cooling critical centroid cubic direct current de Haas van Alphen disordered density of states effective electronic electron spin resonance external ferromagnetic field-cooled face-centered cubic face-centered tetragonal full width at half maximum hexagonal close-packed high field hyperfine field inflection internal IRM mag max mc ME min µsr NF nl NMR orth P PAC ppm res rf RT s sc SCR SDW S-K tetr trans TRM UPS us wt XPS ZFC isothermal remanent magnetization magnetic maximum multicritical Mössbauer effect minimum muon spin resonance nonordered ferromagnetic nonlinear nuclear magnetic resonance orthorhombic paramagnetic perturbed angular correlation parts per million resonance radio frequency room temperature spontaneous; saturation single crystal self-consistent renormalization spin-density wave Sherrington Kirpatrick tetragonal transmitted thermoremanent magnetization ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy ultrasonic weight X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy zero-field cooled

Fe Co Si. Fe Co Si. Ref. p. 59] d elements and C, Si, Ge, Sn or Pb Alloys and compounds with Ge

Fe Co Si. Fe Co Si. Ref. p. 59] d elements and C, Si, Ge, Sn or Pb Alloys and compounds with Ge Ref. p. 59] 1.5. 3d elements and C, Si, Ge, Sn or Pb 7 1.75 1.50 Co Si 0.8 0. 3.50 3.5 Co Si 0.8 0. H cr Magnetic field H [koe] 1.5 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.5 C C IF "A" P Frequency ωγ / e [koe] 3.00.75.50.5.00