Physics of Magnetism. Chapter references are to Essentials of Paleomagnetism, UC Press, 2010
|
|
- Cassandra Richard
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Physics of Magnetism Chapter references are to Essentials of Paleomagnetism, UC Press,
2 Magnetic units (sorry!) SI cgs Magnetic fields as the gradient of a scalar potential A simple dynamo Spontaneous magnetism induced remanent
3 Magnetic units SI (mks) treatment starts with electric currents cgs starts with magnetic monopoles (very different!) why do we need to know both? because physics uses SI and engineers use cgs. Our journals only publish in SI and (some of) our equipment is calibrated in cgs. Also, old literature uses cgs.
4 Let s bend the wire into a loop: or several loops: units for m: = = magnetic moment (same as H) Essentials: Chapter 1
5 Ways of thinking about magnetic fields m magnetic fields are vector fields, having both direction and strength strength indicated by how close the lines are together (density of magnetic flux) direction indicated by directions of field lines (a.k.a. lines of magnetic flux ) Essentials: Chapter 1
6 How to measure field strength? Moving charged particles (electric currents) make magnetic fields (H) and also moving magnetic fields make electric currents Let s call the magnetic field that induces the current the induction, B B and H are obviously similar but they do NOT HAVE THE SAME UNITS as we shall see
7 Could measure strength of the induction field like this: velocity move conductor of length l at velocity v through field B and generate potential V B m l Voltmeter called a tesla (T) Essentials: Chapter 1
8 But how are B and H related? is the permeability in free space M = 0 and, the permeability of free space units of are nasty! (see Table 1.1 in book)
9 Can measure direction of B with compass turn on current and watch compass move Oersted experiment Philip Staudigel
10 B m θ but what moves the magnet? magnetic energy proof from dimensional analysis: handy website for fundamental units: fundamental_units.htm
11 Magnetic units (sorry!) SI cgs - just skip this Magnetic fields as the gradient of a scalar potential A simple dynamo Spontaneous magnetism induced remanent
12 Magnetic units (sorry!) SI cgs Magnetic fields as the gradient of a scalar potential A simple dynamo Spontaneous magnetism induced remanent
13 just as the vector of steepest descent (a vector field) is the gradient of topography (a scalar field) the magnetic field can be thought of as the gradient of a scalar field known as the magnetic potential Essentials: Appendix A
14 Relation of magnetic potential to the field H P H r m θ r H θ Essentials: Chapter 1
15 Magnetic units (sorry!) SI cgs Magnetic fields as the gradient of a scalar potential A simple dynamo Spontaneous magnetism induced remanent
16 simple disk dynamo Numerical simulation B Elsasser 1958; Butler 1992 Glatzmaier & Roberts (1995)
17 Take home message Magnetism results from the motion of charged particles: electrical currents, electronic orbits and spins
18 Magnetic units (sorry!) SI cgs Magnetic fields as the gradient of a scalar potential A simple dynamo Spontaneous magnetism induced remanent
19 m r i We just learned: All magnetism results from currents
20 m r i We just learned: All magnetism results from currents So where are the currents here?
21 Classical view: electron scooting around nucleus In quantum mechanics: orbit is stabilized. Energy must be quantized Electron must satisfy the wave equation
22 Classical view: electron scooting around nucleus Doesn t work because electron would eventually crash into the nucleus In quantum mechanics: orbit is stabilized. Energy must be quantized Electron must satisfy the wave equation
23 lowest energy solution to wave equation Electron density plot Probability Density Distance from nucleus (in atomic units) Essentials: Chapter 3
24 lowest energy solution to wave equation Electron density plot Probability Density Distance from nucleus (in atomic units) called the 1s shell s (l,m=0) Essentials: Chapter 3
25 examples of higher energy shells: s (l,m=0) p (l,m=1) d (l,m=2) d (l=2,m=0) Essentials: Chapter 3
26 examples of higher energy shells: s (l,m=0) p (l,m=1) d (l,m=2) d (l=2,m=0) one electron orbiting in one of these shells generates a magnetic moment Essentials: Chapter 3
27 examples of higher energy shells: s (l,m=0) p (l,m=1) d (l,m=2) d (l=2,m=0) one electron orbiting in one of these shells generates a magnetic moment called one Bohr magneton Essentials: Chapter 3
28 summary of quantum numbers l - Principal quantum number: l=0 (s shell), l=1, (p shell), l=2 (d shell), etc. spin: ± 1 2 up or down spin also generates one m b
29 summary of quantum numbers l - Principal quantum number: l=0 (s shell), l=1, (p shell), l=2 (d shell), etc. m - azimuthal quantum number: gives orbital angular momentum spin: ± 1 2 up or down spin also generates one m b
30 summary of quantum numbers l - Principal quantum number: l=0 (s shell), l=1, (p shell), l=2 (d shell), etc. m - azimuthal quantum number: gives orbital angular momentum n - energy level: s1, s2, s3 are larger and larger shells spin: ± 1 2 up or down spin also generates one m b
31 Rules for filling electronic shells
32 Rules for filling electronic shells No two electrons may have the same set of quantum numbers. Because spin can be up or down, two electrons fit in one shell
33 Rules for filling electronic shells No two electrons may have the same set of quantum numbers. Because spin can be up or down, two electrons fit in one shell Pauli s Exclusion principle
34 Electrons are added so that the spins remain as parallel as possible (Hund s Rule). n=0 n=1 n=2 n=3 Element 3s 3p 3d 4s Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 m = p 6 m =
35 Magnetic units (sorry!) SI cgs Magnetic fields as the gradient of a scalar potential A simple dynamo Spontaneous magnetism induced remanent
36 Induced magnetization: comes from electronic orbits AND electronic spins
37 moment from electronic orbit H L L θ m
38 moment from electronic orbit H Electronic orbit has angular momentum vector L L θ m
39 moment from electronic orbit L H L θ Electronic orbit has angular momentum vector H exerts a torque on L, shifting it by (Larmor precession) m
40 moment from electronic orbit L H L θ Electronic orbit has angular momentum vector H exerts a torque on L, shifting it by (Larmor precession) precession creates moment m
41 moment from electronic orbit L H L θ Electronic orbit has angular momentum vector H exerts a torque on L, shifting it by (Larmor precession) precession creates moment m induced magnetization is volume normalized moment
42 Orbitally induced magnetization called diamagnetism
43 Orbitally induced magnetization called diamagnetism M I = χ d H is diamagnetic susceptibility
44 Orbitally induced magnetization called diamagnetism M M I = χ d H is diamagnetic susceptibility a) b) χ d is negative is temperature independent H T M = χ d H
45 Spin induced magnetization called paramagnetism is paramagnetic susceptibility
46 rules Each unpaired spin contributes a dipole moment (one Bohr magneton) In the absence of an applied field, the moments are essentially random An applied field acts to align the spins There is a competition between thermal energy (kt) and magnetic energy (mb cos )
47 Probability density of a given electron to have magnetic energy
48 Probability density of a given electron to have magnetic energy from this, magnetic energy, which is the degree of alignment with the field, depends on B and T
49 Probability density of a given electron to have magnetic energy from this, magnetic energy, which is the degree of alignment with the field, depends on B and T (see Appendix A.2.1 for derivation)
50 M/M s T is positive and has a strong temperature dependence
51 Magnetic units (sorry!) SI cgs Magnetic fields as the gradient of a scalar potential A simple dynamo Spontaneous magnetism induced remanent
52 Magnetic remanence: the magnetization that stays when the field turns off a.k.a spontaneous magnetization Stems from cooperative behavior between neighboring spins - minimizes exchange energy
53 Types of spin alignment ferromagnetic Essentials: Chapter 3
54 Types of spin alignment ferromagnetic A sites tetrahedral Fe3+ B sites octahedral Fe3+, Fe2+ Essentials: Chapter 3
55 Types of spin alignment ferromagnetic ferrimagnetic A sites tetrahedral Fe3+ B sites octahedral Fe3+, Fe2+ Essentials: Chapter 3
56 Types of spin alignment ferromagnetic ferrimagnetic A sites tetrahedral Fe3+ B sites octahedral Fe3+, Fe2+ anti-ferromagnetic Essentials: Chapter 3
57 Types of spin alignment ferromagnetic ferrimagnetic A sites tetrahedral Fe3+ B sites octahedral Fe3+, Fe2+ anti-ferromagnetic spin canted anti-ferromagnetic Essentials: Chapter 3
58 Types of spin alignment ferromagnetic ferrimagnetic A sites tetrahedral Fe3+ B sites octahedral Fe3+, Fe2+ anti-ferromagnetic spin canted anti-ferromagnetic defect Essentials: Chapter 3
59 When all spins are perfectly parallel, magnetization is at saturation Essentials: Chapter 3
60 When all spins are perfectly parallel, magnetization is at saturation as T goes up, crystals expand and exchange energy becomes weaker - alignment (M) goes down Essentials: Chapter 3
61 When all spins are perfectly parallel, magnetization is at saturation as T goes up, crystals expand and exchange energy becomes weaker - alignment (M) goes down M/M s Exchange energy dominates Thermal energy dominates no exchange is zero and M is paramagnetic Temperature (fraction of T c ) Essentials: Chapter 3
62 Take home message Magnetism results from the motion of charged particles: electrical currents, electronic orbits and spins ferro magnetism is the results of cooperation in crystals between neighboring spins
Lecture 5. Chapters 3 & 4. Induced magnetization: that which is induced in the presence of an applied magnetic field. diamagnetic.
Lecture 5 Induced magnetization: that which is induced in the presence of an applied magnetic field diamagnetic paramagnetic Remanent magnetization: that which remains in the absence of an external field
More informationCHAPTER 2 MAGNETISM. 2.1 Magnetic materials
CHAPTER 2 MAGNETISM Magnetism plays a crucial role in the development of memories for mass storage, and in sensors to name a few. Spintronics is an integration of the magnetic material with semiconductor
More informationAnnouncements. From now on, the problem sets from each week s homework assignments will be the following Wednesday.
Announcements From now on, the problem sets from each week s homework assignments will be the following Wednesday. Late assignments will not be accepted. I will post the solutions on line after class on
More informationElectromagnetism - Lecture 10. Magnetic Materials
Electromagnetism - Lecture 10 Magnetic Materials Magnetization Vector M Magnetic Field Vectors B and H Magnetic Susceptibility & Relative Permeability Diamagnetism Paramagnetism Effects of Magnetic Materials
More informationElectron Configuration. The electron configuration of an atom tells us how the electrons are distributed among the various atomic orbitals.
Electron Configuration The electron configuration of an atom tells us how the electrons are distributed among the various atomic orbitals. Spin Quantum Number, m s In the 1920s, it was discovered that
More informationMagnetism. Ram Seshadri MRL 2031, x6129, Some basics:
Magnetism Ram Seshadri MRL 2031, x6129, seshadri@mrl.ucsb.edu Some basics: A magnet is associated with magnetic lines of force, and a north pole and a south pole. he lines of force come out of the north
More informationParticle Behavior of Light 1. Calculate the energy of a photon, mole of photons 2. Find binding energy of an electron (know KE) 3. What is a quanta?
Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation 1. What is spectroscopy, a continuous spectrum, a line spectrum, differences and similarities 2. Relationship of wavelength to frequency, relationship of E to λ
More informationTransition Elements. pranjoto utomo
Transition Elements pranjoto utomo Definition What is transition metal? One of which forms one or more stable ions which have incompletely filled d orbitals. 30Zn? Definition Zink is not transition elements
More informationGeophysics 223 January Geophysics 223 C1: Basics of Geomagnetism. C1.1 Introduction
Geophysics 223 C1: Basics of Geomagnetism C1.1 Introduction Lodestone was known to the Greeks (800 BC) and Chinese (300 BC) First compass (200 BC) made by Chinese, but not clear why it worked Europeans
More informationParamagnetism and Diamagnetism. Paramagnets (How do paramagnets differ fundamentally from ferromagnets?)
Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism Paramagnets (How do paramagnets differ fundamentally from ferromagnets?) The study of paramagnetism allows us to investigate the atomic magnetic moments of atoms almost in
More informationLecture contents. Magnetic properties Diamagnetism Band paramagnetism Atomic paramagnetism Ferromagnetism. Molecular field theory Exchange interaction
1 Lecture contents Magnetic properties Diamagnetism and paramagnetism Atomic paramagnetism Ferromagnetism Molecular field theory Exchange interaction NNSE 58 EM Lecture #1 [SI] M magnetization or magnetic
More informationElectronic configurations, Auf-bau principle, Pauli principle, Hunds rule 1. Which of the following statements in relation to the hydrogen atom is correct? 1) 3s and 3p orbitals are of lower energy than
More informationl μ M Right hand Screw rule
Magnetic materials Magnetic property The response of the materials to external magnetic field All the materials are magnetic, only the degree of response varies, which is measured in terms of their magnetization
More informationGeophysics 210 D1: Basics of Geomagnetism. D1.1 Introduction
Geophysics 210 D1: Basics of Geomagnetism D1.1 Introduction Lodestone was known to the Greeks (800 BC) and Chinese (300 BC) First compass (200 BC) made by Chinese, but not clear why it worked Europeans
More informationμ (vector) = magnetic dipole moment (not to be confused with the permeability μ). Magnetism Electromagnetic Fields in a Solid
Magnetism Electromagnetic Fields in a Solid SI units cgs (Gaussian) units Total magnetic field: B = μ 0 (H + M) = μ μ 0 H B = H + 4π M = μ H Total electric field: E = 1/ε 0 (D P) = 1/εε 0 D E = D 4π P
More information1. Aims. 2. Apparatus. 3. Background
1. Aims The aims of this experiment are to measure the magnetic susceptibility of a solution of manganese sulphate and to determine the magnetic dipole moment of a Mn + ion in units of the Bohr magneton,
More informationElectromagnetism II. Instructor: Andrei Sirenko Spring 2013 Thursdays 1 pm 4 pm. Spring 2013, NJIT 1
Electromagnetism II Instructor: Andrei Sirenko sirenko@njit.edu Spring 013 Thursdays 1 pm 4 pm Spring 013, NJIT 1 PROBLEMS for CH. 6 http://web.njit.edu/~sirenko/phys433/phys433eandm013.htm Can obtain
More informationChapter 6 Part 3; Many-electron atoms
Chapter 6 Part 3; Many-electron atoms Read: BLB 6.7 6.9 HW: BLB 6:59,63,64,67,71b-d,74,75,90,97; Packet 6:10 14 Know: s & atoms with many electrons Spin quantum number m s o Pauli exclusion principle o
More informationMagnetic Materials. 2. Diamagnetism. Numan Akdoğan.
Magnetic Materials. Diamagnetism Numan Akdoğan akdogan@gyte.edu.tr Gebze Institute of Technology Department of Physics Nanomagnetism and Spintronic Research Center (NASAM) Magnetic moments of electrons
More informationLecture 24 - Magnetism
Lecture 24: Magnetism (Kittel Ch. 1112) Quantum Mechanics Magnetism ElectronElectron Interactions Physics 460 F 2006 Lect 24 1 Outline Magnetism is a purely quantum phenomenon! Totally at variance with
More informationMagnetic Materials. The inductor Φ B = LI (Q = CV) = L I = N Φ. Power = VI = LI. Energy = Power dt = LIdI = 1 LI 2 = 1 NΦ B capacitor CV 2
Magnetic Materials The inductor Φ B = LI (Q = CV) Φ B 1 B = L I E = (CGS) t t c t EdS = 1 ( BdS )= 1 Φ V EMF = N Φ B = L I t t c t B c t I V Φ B magnetic flux density V = L (recall I = C for the capacitor)
More informationLecture 19: Magnetic properties and the Nephelauxetic effect
Lecture 19: Magnetic properties and the Nephelauxetic effect sample balance thermometer connection to balance left: the Gouy balance for Gouy Tube determining the magnetic susceptibility of materials north
More informationPHY331 Magnetism. Lecture 4
PHY331 Magnetism Lecture 4 Last week Discussed Langevin s theory of diamagnetism. Use angular momentum of precessing electron in magnetic field to derive the magnetization of a sample and thus diamagnetic
More informationPHY331 Magnetism. Lecture 3
PHY331 Magnetism Lecture 3 Last week Derived magnetic dipole moment of a circulating electron. Discussed motion of a magnetic dipole in a constant magnetic field. Showed that it precesses with a frequency
More informationCh. 28: Sources of Magnetic Fields
Ch. 28: Sources of Magnetic Fields Electric Currents Create Magnetic Fields A long, straight wire A current loop A solenoid Slide 24-14 Biot-Savart Law Current produces a magnetic field The Biot-Savart
More informationELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ATOMS Electron Spin The electron: spins around its own axis acts as an tiny magnet (any moving electrical charge creates a magnetic field around itself) can spin in either of 2
More information1.1 Units, definitions and fundamental equations. How should we deal with B and H which are usually used for magnetic fields?
Advance Organizer: Chapter 1: Introduction to single magnetic moments: Magnetic dipoles Spin and orbital angular momenta Spin-orbit coupling Magnetic susceptibility, Magnetic dipoles in a magnetic field:
More information3. Write ground-state electron configurations for any atom or ion using only the Periodic Table. (Sections 8.3 & 9.2)
Lecture 2: learning objectives, readings, topics, and resources: 1. Understand the significance of the quantum numbers, understand how they can be used to code for the electron energy levels within atoms
More informationCrystal Field Theory
Crystal Field Theory It is not a bonding theory Method of explaining some physical properties that occur in transition metal complexes. Involves a simple electrostatic argument which can yield reasonable
More informationCHM 1045 Test #4 December 4, 2000
CHM 1045 Test #4 December 4, 2000 1. The scientist who was first to propose that electrons in an atom could have only certain energies was a. Planck. b. Einstein. c. Bohr. d. Rydberg. 2. Select the arrangement
More informationMagnetism and Levitation
Magnetism and Levitation Brent Hobbs Dan Stark Timothy Wofford Junior Lab I Wednesday, December 11, 2002 Types of Magnetism Ferromagnetism Antiferromagnetism Ferrimagnetism Paramagnetism Superparamagnetism
More informationLecture 4; January Electrons in Atoms: Magnetism; Term Symbols, Z eff, and Other Properties
Lecture 4; January 2017 Electrons in Atoms: Magnetism; Term Symbols, Z eff, and Other Properties Three prototypical kinds of Magnetic Behavior Paramagnetism: atoms, molecules, and solids with unpaired
More informationThe magnetic circuits and fields in materials
The magnetic circuits and fields in materials Lecture 14 1 Linear current above a magnetic block In this example, assume a current density J above an infinite slab of linear magnetic material, with permeability,
More informationContour Plots Electron assignments and Configurations Screening by inner and common electrons Effective Nuclear Charge Slater s Rules
Lecture 4 362 January 23, 2019 Contour Plots Electron assignments and Configurations Screening by inner and common electrons Effective Nuclear Charge Slater s Rules How to handle atoms larger than H? Effective
More informationDepartment of Physics and Astronomy 2 nd Year Laboratory. G4 Quinckes method
nd year laboratory script G4 Quincke s methods Department of Physics and Astronomy nd Year Laboratory G4 Quinckes method Scientific aims and objectives To determine the volume magnetic susceptibility of
More informationElectron configuration: shows which orbitals are occupied in an atom, and how many electrons they contain
ch8blank Page 1 Chapter 8: Periodic properties of the elements Electron configuration: shows which orbitals are occupied in an atom, and how many electrons they contain Ground state: lowest energy, most
More informationAn introduction to magnetism in three parts
An introduction to magnetism in three parts Wulf Wulfhekel Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Wolfgang Gaede Str. 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe 0. Overview Chapters of the three lectures
More informationLecture 24 Origins of Magnetization (A number of illustrations in this lecture were generously provided by Prof. Geoffrey Beach)
Lecture 4 Origins of Magnetization (A number of illustrations in this lecture were generously provided by Prof. Geoffrey Beach) Today 1. Magnetic dipoles.. Orbital and spin angular momenta. 3. Non-interacting
More informationQuantum Theory & Electronic Structure of Atoms. It s Unreal!! Check your intuition at the door.
Quantum Theory & Electronic Structure of Atoms It s Unreal!! Check your intuition at the door. 1 Quantum Theory of the Atom Description of the atom and subatomic particles. We will focus on the electronic
More informationLABELING ELECTRONS IN ATOMS
Date: Name: LABELING ELECTRONS IN ATOMS The location of each electron in an atom is determined by a few different factors. Each factor is represented by a QUANTUM NUMBER. Prediction: What do you think
More informationPHY331 Magnetism. Lecture 1
PHY331 Magnetism Lecture 1 Overview Course syllabus / general information Quick revision of basic concepts Magnetization and susceptibility Using susceptibility to define magnetic materials Diamagnetic
More informationChapter 5. Magnetism and Matter
Chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter TABLE 5.1 THE DIPOLE ANALO Diamagnetic materials, when placed in a magnetic field, are magnetized in the direction opposite to the magnetic field; whereas paramagnetic and
More informationKirchhoff s rules, example
Kirchhoff s rules, example Magnets and Magnetism Poles of a magnet are the ends where objects are most strongly attracted. Two poles, called north and south Like poles repel each other and unlike poles
More informationCreating Energy-Level Diagrams Aufbau (building up) Principle Electrons are added to the lowest energy orbital available.
3.6 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Bohr's Theory Was Incorrect Because... Only explained the line spectrum of hydrogen Position and motion of an e cannot be specified (since the e is so small,
More informationAtomic Theory and Atomic structure. Part A. d) Distance of electrons from the nucleus
Grade Subject Topic : AP : Science : Atomic Theory and Atomic Structure Atomic Theory and Atomic structure Part A (1) The Principal quantum number represents a) Shape of an orbital b) Number of electrons
More informationL z L L. Think of it as also affecting the angle
Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Physics Lecture 19: Quantized Angular Momentum and Electron Spin http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/ugrad/361 h / d/361 Prof. Sean Oh Last time Raising/Lowering angular momentum
More informationChem 121 Handout on E Diagram & Electron Configuration Page 1 Energy Diagram of Orbitals E
Chem 121 Handout on E Diagram & Electron Configuration Page 1 Energy Diagram of Orbitals E 3d 5d 4f 4d 4p 4s 5p 5s 6s 2p Each line stands for an orbital, which can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons,
More informationElectron Configurations
APChem Topic 3: Electron Configurations Notes 3-2: Quantum Numbers, Orbitals and Electron Configurations Wave Nature of Electrons All the work by Bohr suggested that the electron was a discrete particle.
More informationCrystal Field Theory
6/4/011 Crystal Field Theory It is not a bonding theory Method of explaining some physical properties that occur in transition metal complexes. Involves a simple electrostatic argument which can yield
More informationMagnetism.
Magnetism Magnetism https://twistedsifter.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/visualizing-magnetic-fields-with-iron-filings-2.jpg?w=800&h=600 Magnets Are dipoles as opposed to monopoles + - + Referred to as North
More informationMAGNETIC MATERIALS. Fundamentals and device applications CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS NICOLA A. SPALDIN
MAGNETIC MATERIALS Fundamentals and device applications NICOLA A. SPALDIN CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Acknowledgements 1 Review of basic magnetostatics 1.1 Magnetic field 1.1.1 Magnetic poles 1.1.2 Magnetic
More informationModule-16. Magnetic properties
Module-16 Magnetic properties Contents 1) Dia-, Para-, and Ferro-magnetism (Antiferro-magnetism and ferri-magnetism) 2) Influence of temperature on magnetic behavior 3) Domains and Hysteresis Introduction
More informationChapter 5. Atomic spectra
Atomic spectra Sommerfelds relativistic model Sommerfeld succeeded partially in explaining fine structure by extending Bohr Theory i) He allowed the possibility of elliptical orbits for the electrons in
More information1 CHAPTER 12 PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS
1 CHAPTER 12 PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS 12.1 Introduction This chapter is likely to be a short one, not least because it is a subject in which my own knowledge is, to put it charitably, a little
More informationMagnetic Materials. 1. General Information About Magnetism. Numan Akdoğan.
Magnetic Materials 1. General Information About Magnetism Numan Akdoğan akdogan@gyte.edu.tr Gebze Institute of Technology Department of Physics Nanomagnetism and Spintronic Research Center (NASAM) Magnetic
More informationDisplacement Current. Ampere s law in the original form is valid only if any electric fields present are constant in time
Displacement Current Ampere s law in the original form is valid only if any electric fields present are constant in time Maxwell modified the law to include timesaving electric fields Maxwell added an
More informationMSE 7025 Magnetic Materials (and Spintronics)
MSE 7025 Magnetic Materials (and Spintronics) Lecture 4: Category of Magnetism Chi-Feng Pai cfpai@ntu.edu.tw Course Outline Time Table Week Date Lecture 1 Feb 24 Introduction 2 March 2 Magnetic units and
More informationChapter 20 d-metal complexes: electronic structures and properties
CHEM 511 Chapter 20 page 1 of 21 Chapter 20 d-metal complexes: electronic structures and properties Recall the shape of the d-orbitals... Electronic structure Crystal Field Theory: an electrostatic approach
More informationPhysics 202, Lecture 14
Physics 202, Lecture 14 Today s Topics Sources of the Magnetic Field (Ch. 27) Review of Biot-Savart Law Ampere s Law Magnetism in Matter Magnetic Fields (Biot-Savart): Summary Current loop, distance on
More informationCoaxial cable. Coaxial cable. Magnetic field inside a solenoid
Divergence and circulation Surface S Ampere s Law A vector field is generally characterized by 1) how field lines possibly diverge away from or converge upon (point) sources plus 2) how field lines circulate,
More informationMagnetic materials, & inductance & Torque. P.Ravindran, PHY041: Electricity & Magnetism 8 February 2013: Magnetic materials, inductance, and torque
Magnetic materials, & inductance & Torque Magnetic Properties of Materials Magnetic behavior of a material is due to the interaction of magnetic dipole moments of its atoms with an external magnetic field.
More informationSources of Magnetic Field
Chapter 28 Sources of Magnetic Field PowerPoint Lectures for University Physics, 14th Edition Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman Lectures by Jason Harlow Learning Goals for Chapter 28 Looking forward
More information2.3 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
2.3 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Although the Bohr theory and subsequent revisions were based on the idea of an electron traveling in some kind of orbit or path, a more modern view is that of
More informationChapter 1 Updated: 1/22/12
ES 430 Electromagnetic Chapter 1 Updated: 1/22/12 General Notes A2 SI Units SI Prefixes Vectors Appendix A, pp. 473 Applications of EM Evolution of Electromagnetic Electromagnetic: Static or Dynamic (time
More informationMn(acetylacetonate) 3. Synthesis & Characterization
Mn(acetylacetonate) 3 Synthesis & Characterization The acac Ligand Acetylacetonate (acac) is a bidentate anionic ligand ( 1 charge). We start with acetylacetone (or Hacac) which has the IUPAC name 2,4
More informationUnit Two: Elements & Matter. February 1, 2016
Unit Two: Elements & Matter February 1, 2016 Warm-Up: 2/1/2016 1. Fill in the following information: Atomic Symbol Ca 2+ Atomic Number Proton Neutron Electron 34 36 Mass Num. 2. Identify which family the
More informationB for a Long, Straight Conductor, Special Case. If the conductor is an infinitely long, straight wire, θ 1 = 0 and θ 2 = π The field becomes
B for a Long, Straight Conductor, Special Case If the conductor is an infinitely long, straight wire, θ 1 = 0 and θ 2 = π The field becomes μ I B = o 2πa B for a Curved Wire Segment Find the field at point
More informationElectronic Structure of Atoms. Chapter 6
Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 6 Electronic Structure of Atoms 1. The Wave Nature of Light All waves have: a) characteristic wavelength, λ b) amplitude, A Electronic Structure of Atoms 1. The Wave
More information4.2 WHERE are the electrons in the { atom???? QUANTUM NUMBERS
4.2 WHERE are the electrons in the { atom???? QUANTUM NUMBERS Bohr s Model Contradicts Common Sense If only certain orbits with definite energies are allowed and the electrons constantly gives off radiation,
More informationKey Equations. Determining the smallest change in an atom's energy.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND PERIODICITY Matter and Energy Key Equations λν = c ΔE = hν Relating speed of a wave to its wavelength and frequency. Determining the smallest change in an atom's energy. H( λ =R n
More informationCHM Electron Configuration (r14) Charles Taylor 1/5
CHM 110 - Electron Configuration (r14)- 2014 Charles Taylor 1/5 Introduction We previously discussed quantum theory along with atomic orbitals and their shapes. We're still missing some pieces of the puzzle,
More informationFerromagnetism. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are ferromagnetic.
Ferromagnetism Technische Universität Graz Institute of Solid State Physics Ferromagnetism elow a critical temperature (called the Curie temperature) a magnetization spontaneously appears in a ferromagnet
More informationChemistry 431. Lecture 23
Chemistry 431 Lecture 23 Introduction The Larmor Frequency The Bloch Equations Measuring T 1 : Inversion Recovery Measuring T 2 : the Spin Echo NC State University NMR spectroscopy The Nuclear Magnetic
More information-"l" also contributes ENERGY. Higher values for "l" mean the electron has higher energy.
175 - Giving the four parameters will uniquely identify an electron around an atom. No two electrons in the same atom can share all four. These parameters are called QUANTUM NUMBERS. PRINCIPAL QUANTUM
More informationMagnetic Field Lines for a Loop
Magnetic Field Lines for a Loop Figure (a) shows the magnetic field lines surrounding a current loop Figure (b) shows the field lines in the iron filings Figure (c) compares the field lines to that of
More informationSolid State Physics MAGNETISM I. Lecture 27. A.H. Harker. Physics and Astronomy UCL
Solid State Physics MAGNETISM I Lecture 27 A.H. Harker Physics and Astronomy UCL 10 Magnetic Materials Magnet technology has made enormous advances in recent years without the reductions in size that have
More informationSolid state physics. Lecture 9: Magnetism. Prof. Dr. U. Pietsch
Solid state physics Lecture 9: Magnetism Prof. Dr. U. Pietsch Diamagnetism and Paramagnetsim Materie in magnetic field m 0 0 H M H(1 H 0 0M m M magnetiszation magnetic susceptibility - magnetic permeability
More informationPHYSICS 4750 Physics of Modern Materials Chapter 8: Magnetic Materials
PHYSICS 475 Physics of Modern Materials Chapter 8: Magnetic Materials 1. Atomic Magnetic Dipole Moments A magnetic solid is one in which at least some of the atoms have a permanent magnetic dipole moment
More informationUnit 8: Atomic Theory. Quantum Mechanics
Unit 8: Atomic Theory Quantum Mechanics 1 Unit 8: Atomic Theory 1. Historical Views of the Atom 2. The 'New' Look Atom 3. Electron Configurations 4. Electron Configurations & the Periodic Table 5. Quantum
More informationCHAPTER 8 Atomic Physics
CHAPTER 8 Atomic Physics 8.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table 8.2 Total Angular Momentum 8.3 Anomalous Zeeman Effect What distinguished Mendeleev was not only genius, but a passion for the elements.
More information~~r ~o~/, ' , I. l: z: n.-b -z 01. ?;Cl. 60) Pro CD'fCJ7 '; ftu-0j~
i -1- ~~r ~o~/, ------', I l: z: n.-b -z 01?;Cl 60) 1---.-- Pro CD'fCJ7 '; ftu-0j~ APPLICATIONS 1/ What features of atomic structure determine whether an element is diamagnetic or paramagnetic? Explain.
More informationChapter 28 Sources of Magnetic Field
Chapter 28 Sources of Magnetic Field In this chapter we investigate the sources of magnetic field, in particular, the magnetic field produced by moving charges (i.e., currents), Ampere s Law is introduced
More informationנושא מס' 8: המבנה האלקטרוני של אטומים. Electronic Structure of Atoms. 1 Prof. Zvi C. Koren
נושא מס' 8: המבנה האלקטרוני של אטומים Electronic Structure of Atoms 1 Prof. Zvi C. Koren 19.07.10 The Electron Spin From further experiments, it was evident that the e had additional magnetic properties
More informationMaterial Science. Chapter 16. Magnetic properties
Material Science Chapter 16. Magnetic properties Engineering materials are important in everyday life because of their versatile structural properties. Other than these properties, they do play an important
More informationCHEM 103 Spectroscopy and the Quantum Mechanical Model
CHEM 103 Spectroscopy and the Quantum Mechanical Model Lecture Notes April 6, 2006 Prof. Sevian Agenda Emission spectroscopy How the quantum mechanical model explains it Where quantum mechanics breaks
More informationHow to Tell Diamagnetic Materials from Paramagnetic
How to Tell Diamagnetic Materials from Paramagnetic I wrote these notes as a followup to the Material Physics web pages of Dr. Rudolf Winter s from Aberystwyth University (Wales, UK): diamagmetism and
More informationI. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I)
I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. Which of the following conclusions could not be derived from Rutherford s α -particle scattering experiement? (i) Most of the space in the atom is empty. (ii) The
More informationMendeleev s Periodic Law
Mendeleev s Periodic Law Periodic Law When the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically. Mendeleev s Periodic Law allows us to predict what
More informationChapter 7. Characteristics of Atoms. 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation. Chapter 7 1. The Quantum Mechanical Atom. Atoms: How do we study atoms?
Chapter 7 The Quantum Mechanical Atom 1 Characteristics of Atoms Atoms: possess mass contain positive nuclei contain electrons occupy volume have various properties attract one another combine to form
More informationعناوین 1- مواد فرومغناطیس
عناوین 1- مواد فرومغناطیس 1 منشا مغناطش One of the fundamental properties of an electron (besides that it carries charge) is that it has a magnetic dipole moment, i.e., it behaves like a tiny magnet, producing
More informationArrangement of Electrons in Atoms
Page III-6b- / Chapter Six Part II Lecture Notes The Structure of Atoms and Periodic Trends Chapter Six Part Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms Electrons in atoms are arranged as SHELLS (n) SUBSHELLS (l)
More informationUnit 8: Atomic Theory. Quantum Mechanics
Unit 8: Atomic Theory Quantum Mechanics 1 Unit 8: Atomic Theory 1. Historical Views of the Atom 2. The 'New' Look Atom 3. Electron Configurations 4. Electron Configurations & the Periodic Table 5. Quantum
More informationDevelopment of atomic theory
Development of atomic theory The chapter presents the fundamentals needed to explain and atomic & molecular structures in qualitative or semiquantitative terms. Li B B C N O F Ne Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni
More informationQuantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms
Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 7 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Properties of Waves Wavelength ( ) is the distance
More informationElectromagnetism II. Cristina Lazzeroni Lecture 5
Electromagnetism II Cristina Lazzeroni c.lazzeroni@bham.ac.uk Lecture 5 Maxwell s equations for free space They apply simultaneously at any given point in free space. How do they change in presence of
More informationLuigi Paolasini
Luigi Paolasini paolasini@esrf.fr LECTURE 2: LONELY ATOMS - Systems of electrons - Spin-orbit interaction and LS coupling - Fine structure - Hund s rules - Magnetic susceptibilities Reference books: -
More information1 Magnetism, Magnetic Materials, and Nanoparticles
1 1 Magnetism, Magnetic Materials, and Nanoparticles 1.1 Introduction Signiicant changes in the physical properties of materials occur as any of a sample s dimensions are reduced from the bulk (>50 µm)
More informationThe periodic system of the elements. Predict. (rather than passively learn) Chemical Properties!
The periodic system of the elements Study of over 100 elements daunting task! Nature has provided the periodic table Enables us to correlate an enormous amount of information Predict (rather than passively
More informationChapter 28 Sources of Magnetic Field
Chapter 28 Sources of Magnetic Field In this chapter we investigate the sources of magnetic of magnetic field, in particular, the magnetic field produced by moving charges (i.e., currents). Ampere s Law
More informationCurrent Loop as a Magnetic Dipole & Dipole Moment:
MAGNETISM 1. Bar Magnet and its properties 2. Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole and Dipole Moment 3. Current Solenoid equivalent to Bar Magnet 4. Bar Magnet and it Dipole Moment 5. Coulomb s Law in Magnetism
More information