Photoemission Studies of Strongly Correlated Systems
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1 Photoemission Studies of Strongly Correlated Systems Peter D. Johnson Physics Dept., Brookhaven National Laboratory JLab March 2005
2 MgB2
3
4 High T c Superconductor - Phase Diagram Fermi Liquid:-Excitations Landau-Quasiparticles [ ] 2 2 ( πk T ) Γ( ω, T ) = 2β + ω B E = η τ ω
5 dc Transport in Synthetic Metals Resistivity, [µωcm] La 1.85 Sr 0.15 CuO 4 Ioffe-Regel limit saturation Nb 3 Sn Temperature, [K] TTF-TCNQ VO 2 SrRuO Temperature, [K]
6 Drude Model of Conductivity Conductivity ne m 2 σ = * τ In a two-dimensional system σ k F l Thus the resistivity ρ is given by ρ 1 k l F = k k F or ImΣ E F
7 Spin-charge separation holon spinon e = -1, s = 0 e = 0, s = 1/2
8 R. B. Laughlin 1998 "Parallels Between Quantum Antiferromagnetism and the Strong Interactions"
9 Photoemission is an excellent probe of low energy excitations Incident Photons s p hν φ n Θ e - Photoelectrons single crystal hole sample ω = 2π η ψ f H int ψ i 2 δ ( E E hυ) f i
10 ω = 2π η ψ f H int ψ i 2 δ ( E E hυ) f i ψ ( r' ) = ψ ( r ) drg( r r ) H ( r) ( r) i ' +, ' ψ int i Spectral Response 1 A, π ( k, E) = ImG( k E) Free Electron Case:- (, E) A ( k, E) = δ ( E ) G k 1 = 0 E E k iδ 0 E k
11 We introduce the self-energy Σ to take account of interactions Green s Function G ( E) = 1 E ε E 1 ε Σ Spectral Function A 1 π ( E) = ImG( E) = 1 π Σ'' ( E ε Σ' ) 2 + ( Σ' ') 2 Photoemission peak at an energy ε - Σ Lifetime broadened to a width proportional to 2Σ =Γ
12 Photoelectron Spectrometer - + θ E K hν Resolution:- E: ~5 mev k: Å -1
13 MDCs and EDCs Science 285, 2110 (1999) Momentum Distribution Curve Energy Distribution Curve
14 MDCs and EDCs MDC width k = 2Σ'' v 0 = 1 λ Inverse Mean Free path EDC width E = ν k = η τ Inverse Lifetime = 2Σ'' Σ' 1 ω
15 Drude Model of Conductivity Conductivity ne m 2 σ = * τ In a two-dimensional system σ k F l Thus the resistivity ρ is given by ρ 1 k l F = k k F or ImΣ E F
16 Photoemission Linewidths Linewidth Γ = Γi v i 1 v i + + Γ v v f f 1 f For a 2-Dimensional initial state v i = 0 Γ = Γ i
17 a) T=70 K Intensity (arb. units) b) T (K): c) T=70 K Hydrogen exposure (L): Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2085 (1999) E-E F (mev)
18 Scattering Rates: ρ ρ ρ ( k, ω ) ( k + k, ω + ω ) Electron-Electron Electron-Phonon Electron-Impurity [ ] 2 2 el el ( ω, T ) = 2β ( πkbt ) + ω Γel ph( ω, T ) Γ Γel im const Γ = Γ el el + Γ el ph + Γ el im
19 Landau 1957 Fermi Liquid electron-electron scattering Scattering rate or inverse lifetime Γ = 2β[(πk B T) 2 + ω 2 ] E = η ω τ
20 A( k, ω) ImΣ( k, ω) [ ω ε ReΣ( k, ω) ] 2 + [ ImΣ( k, ω ) ] 2 k ω ω 0 α 2 F ω ω 0 ImΣ~Γ ω 0 ReΣ k A(k,ω) ω
21 Electron-Phonon Coupling Eliashberg Equation:- ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ' ' 2 ') ( 1 ' ' 2, 0 2 ω ω ω ω ω ω ω α π ω τ ω = f n f F d T D η η In the limit T 0 ( ) ( ) ' ' 0 2 ω ω α π ω ω d F I = Σ η
22 Temperature dependent scattering rates 1.2 Einstein mode 70 mev ImΣ Temp: Binding Energy (mev)
23 Electron-Phonon Interaction in Molybdenum 2 Im Σ (mev) E-E F (mev) κ II ( 1 ) Re Σ 2 Im Σ Re Σ (mev) E-E F (mev) Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2085 (1999)
24 MDCs and EDCs Science 285, 2110 (1999) Momentum Distribution Curve Energy Distribution Curve
25 Optimally Doped Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ Cu O EDC s Science 285, (1999) MDCs near E F
26 Abanov et al. J. Elect. Spect. 117, 129 (2001)
27 The Molybdenum Data a) T=70 K Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2085 (1999) Intensity (arb. units) b) T (K): c) T=70 K Hydrogen exposure (L): E-E F (mev)
28 Bi 0.5 Pb 0.5 Ba 3 Co 2 O 9+δ 60 T M 100 ρ ab (mωcm) ρ c (Ωcm) T (K) 0
29 A number of the layered strongly-correlated materials show such anisotropic transport properties: Insulating behavior T M ρ c ρ < 0 T ρ ρ c /ρ ab Metallic behavior ρ ab T ρ > 0 T
30 T=30 K -0.5 ω (ev) (a) k II (Å -1 ) Γ T=180 K detector angle (b) -0.1 Nature 417, 627 (2002) k II (Å -1 ) (c)
31 Intensity (arb. units) 30 K 95 K 180 K 230 K 30 K 230 K ω (ev) ρ ab (mωcm) T M ρ c (Ωcm) ω (ev) T (K) 0 The appearance of in-plane coherent excitations strongly correlates with the dimensional crossover observed in transport measurements 2 d k σ ω = c ( T, 0) t ( k) 2 (2π ) 2 G R ( k, ω) G A f ( ω) ( k, ω) ω Green s Function ~ Z /( ω ε iγ ) k
32 Optical Conductivity Measurements J. Tu et al.
33 The coherent excitations behave like Fermions G Γ(meV) Data: Data1_H Model: parabolic Chi^2 = y ± b ± xc 0 ±0 Γ T 2 lnt B T T(K) 0
34 Crystal structure of chain cuprates SrCuO 2 Sr 2 CuO 3
35 Intensity 4 undoped 5.5 bar 11 bar ω (ev) b) t = 0.82 J = 0.28 σ 1 (ω) [10 3 Ω -1 cm -1 ] undoped 11 bar ω [ev] ω (ev) Doping with oxygen allows the clear identification of the spinon branch
36 1D Hubbard model calculation Extended Hubbard model (half-filled, one band) ( + + cˆ ) l cˆ l+ + cˆ l+ cˆ l + U nˆ nˆ + V ( nˆ )( ) l l l 1 nˆ, σ 1, σ 1, σ, σ,, l 1 H = t + 1 l, σ l t l Dynamical density matrix renormalization group (DDMRG) Optical conductivity Neutron scatterin U V t = ev, U t = 7.8, V t = 1.3 Density-density correlation function N(q,ω)
37 Studies of 1-D Sr 2 CuO 3+δ at BN L Spinon Holon Theoretical predictions Photoemission Expt ω (ev) Spinon Holon k (π/b)
38 T. Valla T. Kidd A. Fedorov Physics Dept., BNL G.D. Gu S.L. Hulbert Q. Li Materials Science Dept., BNL A.R. Moodenbaugh N. Koshizuka ISTEC, Japan S.M. Loureiro R. Cava Princeton University
39 THE END
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