Low energy excitations in cuprates: an ARPES perspective. Inna Vishik Beyond (Landau) Quasiparticles: New Paradigms for Quantum Fluids Jan.

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1 Low energy excitations in cuprates: an ARPES perspectie Inna Vishik Beyond (Landau) Quasiparticles: New Paradigms for Quantum Fluids Jan. 15, 2014

2 Acknowledgements Shen Group Professor Zhi-Xun Shen Dr. Makoto Hashimoto, Dr. Wei-Sheng Lee, Yu He Theory Prof. T. Deereaux (Stanford, SLAC) Prof. S. Johnston (UT Knoxille) Bi2212 Samples Prof. T. Sasagawa (Tokyo Institute of Technology) Prof. S. Uchida, K. Fujita, S. Ishida (Uniersity of Tokyo) M. Ishikado (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) Y. Yoshida, H. Eisaki (Nanoelectronics Research Institute, AIST)

3 A complex phase diagram

4 Motiation: phenomenology as starting point for microscopic theory E kin Angle-resoled photoemission spectroscopy h E p k 2mEkin sin B k-space is not a lonely place Gap Dispersion Lineshape Spectral weight

5 Laser ARPES: unprecedented access to low energy excitations Synchrotron (18.4eV) Time: 30 mins Laser (7eV) Time: 5 mins ^, F ^ Dk~0.035Å -1 Dk~0.005Å -1 DE~8meV DE~3meV 7eV Laser ARPES Energy resolution Momentum resolution Data collection efficiency D

6 Outline Bi-2212 F D Image: B. Moritz 1. Low energy kink, F Connection to bulk probes 2. Trisected superconducting domefingerprints of quantum phases which coexist with superconductiity

7 First laser ARPES discoery: low energy (w~10 mev) kink ~ReS Shen group and collaborators Expt: Vishik et al. PRL 104, (2010) Theory+ Expt: S. Johnston, I. M. Vishik et al. PRL (2012) Other groups: Rameau et al. Phys. Re. B 80 (2009) Plumb et al. Phys. Re. Lett. 105 (2010) Anzai et al. Phys. Re. Lett. 105 (2010) Kondo et al. Phys. Re. Lett. 110 (2013) ~ImS Present in ReS and ImS Obsered in underdoped Bi-2212 and Bi-2201 Kink gets stronger with underdoping

8 Consequence: doping dependent F DE=20meV: Uniersal nodal F DE=3meV: doping dependent F X. J. Zhou,, et al., Nature 423, 398 (2003) Vishik et al. PRL , (2010)

9 Dierging m* ARPES: Bi2212 Quantum Oscillations: YBCO Cyclotron mass: m*=hk F / F Sebastian et al. PNAS (2010)

10 Thermodynamics in cuprates Thermodynamics at T=0, determined by F and D F D YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO): Taillefer Group, To be published DOS: Superfluid Density: Electronic Specific Heat: Thermal conductiity: D D D D D D d n k d n k T T d n T C T d n k m m T E E N F B F F B F el F B s s F 3 ) ( 3 ) 1 ( ) ( 2ln 2 (0) ) ( 1 2 ) ( Quantitatie agreement between bulk thermodynamic probe and surface spectroscopy

11 Recent Disputes about doping dependence of near-nodal superconducting gap D T c D T * D D const ARPES STS D/T c,max Raman, B 2g Doping, p M. Le Tacon, et al. Nat. Phys. 2, 537 (2006) Doping, p Chaterjee et al. Nat. Phys. 6, 99 (2009) Pushp et al. Science 324, 1689 (2009)

12 Gap measurements, extracting D T c =92K k F DE=3meV Dk~0.005Å -1 D Node Antinode Expected for d-wae superconductor: D T c Norman model: 2 S( k, w) i1 D /[( w i0 ) ( k)] Norman et al. Phys. Re. B 57, R11093 (1998)

13 Bi-2212, T=10K: three phase regions in superconducting dome p< <p<0.19 p>0.19 Fully gapped Fermi surface Dopingindependent D D T c Vishik et al. PNAS (2012)

14 ARPES: three phase regions (10K) D node grows with underdoping A decreases with underdoping D 39 2meV D k B T c I. M. Vishik et al. PNAS 109 (45) (2012)

15 Trisected superconducting dome: interpretations?=: Spin glass SDW Coulomb gap Lifshitz transition d x2 y2 +id xy SC+ SDW (A. Gupta et al. arxi: ) Topological SC (Y.-M. Lu et al., arxi: ) Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin- Ochinniko (T. Das, arxi: ) SC +? SC+PG SC I. M. Vishik et al. PNAS 109 (45) (2012)

16 Phase region A: summary of ARPES data Bi-2212 T c =20K k F Bi-2212 Energy well-defined from EDC Gap persists T>T c Vishik et al. PNAS (2012) No comment: DOS at E F, e-h symmetry Ca 2-x Na x CuO 2 Cl 2 : K. M. Shen et al. PRB (2004) La 2-x Sr x CuO 4 (LSCO): E Razzoli et al. PRL (2013) Obsered in other cuprates at SC dopings

17 Phase region A: summary of other experiments Na-CCOC Transport: change in Fermi surface Kohsaka et al. PRL 93 (2004) LeBoeuf et al. PRB (2011) STS: Percolation of conductie patches Neutron: spin correlations near (,) Haug et al. NJP (2010) ARPES (Bi-2212) and quantum oscillations (YBCO): dierging m* Sebastian et al. PNAS (2010) Vishik et al. PRL 104 (2010)

18 Phase region B SC +? SC+PG SC Why? Expected behaior for d-wae superconductor in region C ARPES data: Superconductiity/pseudogap coexistence Other experiments (London penetration depth, STM) Open question: Why is D doping-independent? I. M. Vishik et al. PNAS 109 (45) (2012)

19 Phase region B: raw data ARPES A UD58 Different positions A B Laser B STS Different dopings Pushp et al. Science 324, 1689 (2009)

20 Manifestations of pseudogap below T c : ARPES Deiation from simple d-wae form becomes more pronounced with underdoping UD92 (p~0.14)

21 19% critical point + PG/SC coexistence Extrapolation Something happens SC+PG SC Storey et al. PRB 76, R (2007) Something exists 0<T<T* Baledent et al. PRB 83, (2011) Parker et al. Nature 678 (2010)

22 Ubiquitous trisected superconducting ARPES dome Neutron scattering Thermal conductiity I. M. Vishik et al. PNAS (2012) Baledent et al. PRB 83, (2011) Quantum Oscillations Grissonnanche et al. To appear in Nat. Comm. (2014) Sebastian et al. PNAS 107, 6175 (2010)

23 Conclusions Laser ARPES proides unprecedented access to low energy excitations in near-nodal region Low energy kink 3 phase regions in SC dome Vishik et al. PRL , (2010) I. M. Vishik et al. PNAS 109 (45) (2012) Open questions: How to explain distinct physics on underdoped edge of SC dome? Why is D dopingindependent oer broad doping range?