evsjv `k AvBwmwU ivwg vc RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg vc/ Kg cwikíbv ms iy 2.1 (17 b f ^i 2008) cökí civgk KMY

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1 RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg vc/ Kg cwikíbv weávb, hvmv hvm I Z_ cöhyw³ gš Yvjq MYcÖRvZš x evsjv `k mikvi EMTAP cök íi Aax b e w³lv Zi Dbœq b mnvqzvi Rb AvBwmwUÕi e envi wbwðzkiy MYcªRvZš x evsjv `k mikvi evsjv `k Kw úduvi KvDwÝj (wewmwm) S2-ICT evsjv `k AvBwmwU ivwg vc ms iy 2.1 (17 b f ^i 2008) cökí civgk KMY GB WKz g U m úwk Z h Kvb Z_ Rvb Z hvmv hvm Ki b: nurul.kabir@spinnovation.com.bd elizabeth.muller@gov3.net 1

2 m~wpcî 1 msw ß Kvh weeiyx 2 f~wgkv 3 Pjgvb cwiw wz ch v jvpbv 4 ivwg v ci KvVv gv 5 cövavb cövß wel qi iƒc ilv 6 AMÖvwaKviwfwËK djvdj 7 evsjv ` ki Rb cö vwez _ªv GjvKvmg~n 8 evsjv ` ki Rb RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg vc 9 Kg aviv -1 _ K 5 cwiwkó 1 : wgkb wµwuk vj cövmövg ivwg vc cwikíbvmg~n 11 cwiwkó 2 : AvBwmwU ivwg v ci eâgvk wba viy 12 cwiwkó 3 : cöviw K ch vq 0 2

3 1. msw ß Kvh weeiyx: GB cöwz e` b evsjv `k mikv ii Kv Q evsjv ` ki Rb GKwU RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg vc Gi Dci mycvwikgvjvmg~n ck Kiv n q Q bzzb AvBwU cwjwm cö vc U mikv ii Kv Q GB cöwz e`bwu Dc vwcz n q Q GB cöwz e`bwu ZvB AvMvgx 1 RyjvB 2009 _ K ciezx cuvp eq ii Rb bzzb GB AvBwU cwjwm ev evq b Avgv `i mycvwikgvjv mg~n Dc vwcz Ki Q j : Use ICTs to become a middle income country, establish a transparent, responsive and accountable government, enhance social equity and ensure cost effective delivery of citizen services through public private partnerships within ten years AvBwmwU K Kv R jvwm q mikvwi emikvwi Askx`vwi Z iwfwë Z AvMvgx `k eq ii g a ga ezx Av qi ` k cwiyz niqv, Ggb mikvi cöwzôv Kiv hvi _vk e ^ QZv, `vwqz kxjzv I `vqe Zv Ges mvgvwrk wbi c Zv Ges e q m½wzc~y bvmwik mev wbwðz Kiv AvBwmwU ivwg vc 1 Rvbyqvwi 2009 _ K ciezx cuvp eq ii g a G ewy Z j i Av jv K Avgv `i cö vwez ivwg vc Abymv i AMÖMwZ AR bi mvwe K wpî wb gœ (wpî 1.1) Zz j aiv n q Q wpî 1.1 AvBwmwU ivwg v ci Rb cö vwez Kg aviv 3

4 1 bvmwikm Yi gzvqb 2 mikvwi mev cöyvjx iƒcvš i B-MYZ `ª jäzv AvB wm wu Avgvi Kv Q Kg Li P mnr jf 3 AvB wm wu ej qi wekvk nvw Iq vi B-bvMwiK B-evwYR e envikvix md&uiq vi G vwc Kkb B-A_ vqb B-Gm Gg B B-K wl B-wk v B-mv DØy KiY Av wm wu a K Avgvi Rxe bi mv a cök Z m½wzc~y myweav cvq bvmwik mikvwi Kg KZ v Gm Gg B AvZ wek vm Av wm wu e env ii Rb cö qvrbxq me ` Zv Avgvi Av Q Ges Avwg e envi Ki Z wbivc` I Av v eva ewi UwjKg& wwwruvj cökiy AvBbMZ KvVv gv B-ms wz B-`~ h vm I Rj-evqy cwiez b wewag~jk KvVv gv Avw_ e KvVv gv 4 Dchy³ evrvi ˆZwi Kiv 5 bz Z Ges cökvmb wpî 1.2 G `Lv bv n q Q h Kxfv e ivwg v ci cuvpwu gšwjk Kg aviv 14wU wgkb wµwuk vj cövmöv g wefvwrz Kiv n q Q cö Z KwUi Rb Kx j wba viy Kiv n q Q Ges Kxfv e AvBwmwU ivwg vc GB j Dc vcb Ki e Zvi GKwU mvivski `qv n q Q AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e ewy Z j mg~n ev evqb Ki e Zvi msw ß weeiyx wb gœ (wpî 1.2) `Lv bv n q Q Gici, cuvp eqi gqv `i g a AvBwmwU ivwg v ci wbgœewy Z wzbwu KŠkjMZ ch v q GwM q Pjvi Î cö Z KwU wgkb wµwuk vj cövmöv gi Rb wba vwiz mgqmxgv Ges cöavb w`kwb ` kbv ms c wpî 1.3 G ewy Z n q Q 1g avc t MwZkxjZv Avbv 2q avc t mgm vc~y c _ MwZkxjZv AR b 3q avc t we` gvb Ae vi iƒcvš i wpî 1.2 cö vwez AvBwmwU ivwg v ci Aš f~ ³ Kvh µgmg~ ni ch v jvpbv 4

5 Kg aviv 1 : bvmwikm Yi gzvqb 1.1 : AvBwmwU Gi Î mve Rbxb KwgDwbwUwfwËK AwfMg Zv D Ïk : evsjv ` ki mkj bvmwik Ges GmGgB jvi Rb Zv `i KwgDwbwUi g a 2013 mv ji kl bvmv` AvBwmwU Z AwfMg Zv wbwðz Kiv Ges AvBwmwU Z ` Zv AR b m g K i Zvjv AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e Gme Kvh µgmg~n ev evqb Ki e : GKwU RvZxq ch v qi Askx`vwiZ M o Zvjvi gva g mkj ii bvmwik `i Rb Z_ I Áv bi GKwU me e vcx c wz M o Zvjv Uwj m Uvi Gi gva g Ges RbM Yi AwfMg Zvi Ab vb gva gi Øviv GB Askx`vwiZ M o Zvjv m eci G Î we kl cªvavb `qv n e cövwš K Rb Mvôx I kvixwik cªwze x `i mvwf m cö`v b e envi Kiv n e wewfbœ wer bm g W ji mgwš^z iƒc, Gi Aš f y³ n Q: - D ` v³v/ g~j ms hvrbkvixlvz - ^ Qv meklvz - z ji Kw úduvi j ve mvgvwrkfv e e env ii Rb zj mg hi c ii Lvjv ivlv - mikvwi AeKvVv gv ( hgb: A bk cv Awdm K B- cv / mvbevi cv / mikvwi /cvewjk mvwf m Gi Rb B-mvwf m nve wn m e e envi Kiv ( hgb, mimvwi we `kx iwg UÝ MÖnY, A_ Av`vb-cÖ`vb, wej cwi kva) vbxq mikvi cöwzôv bi wekvj cövwzôvwbk feb i q Q hv h_vh_ fv e e envi nq bv Ges MY cvvvmvimg~ni Ae eüz) - gvevbj Uwj dvb Ges KwgDwbwU iwwiõi gva g 1.2 : B-evsjv D Ïk : GUv wbwðz Kiv h evsjv ` ki gvbyl mn R evsjvq wwwruvj DcKiY ˆZwi Z Ges Avc jvw Ki Z m g Ges Zv Kivi Rb Zv `i DØy Kiv nq Ges gzvqb NUv bv nq AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e G j ev evqb Ki e : B-evsjvi Rb bzzb RvZxq KŠkjbxwZ MÖn Yi gva g, hv Z we klfv e wbwðz Kiv m e nq h: - mikvwi mkj I qe DcKiY evsjvq cviqv hv Q - wecyj cwigvy mvs wzk I wk v DcKiY wwwruvbr Kiv n q Q - vbxq ch v q gvbm úbœ cvi úwik Ym úbœ vbxq Ges cövmw½k evsjv DcKiY ˆZwi n Q - gvevbj dvb Ges KwgDwbwU iwwi Gi gva g Z _ i AwfMg Zv NU Q 1.2 : wk v Î AvBwmwU D Ïk : GwU wbwðz Kiv h, 2013 mv ji kl bvmv` evsjv ` ki gva wgk z ji mkj wkï AvBwmwU e envi Ki Q, ïaygvî AvBwmwU wel q cöv_wgk ` Zv AR bi D Ï k bq, eis B-wk v jv fi Rb AvBwmwUi e envi Ki Z Rvb e AvBwmwU ivwg v c G j ev evq bi cš v : 2013 mv ji g a evsjv ` ki mkj gva wgk Ges D P gva wgk wk v cöwzôv b wk vm~wpi Aš f~ ³ mkj DcKiY, wk K cöwk Y DcKiY Ges cö qvrbxq mnvqzvi hvmvbmn AvBwmwU j ve _vk e, hv Z wbwðz Kiv hvq h - mkj wkï AvZ wek vm mnkv i AvBwmwU Ges B Uvi bu e envi Ki Q - mkj wk Ki wk v`vb Kv R AvBwmwU e env i m gzv Kg aviv 2 : mikvwi mevi iƒcvš i 2.1 : bvmwik- Kw `ªK B- mevmg~n 5

6 D Ïk : G Î 2013 mv ji kl bvmv` B- mevq cwic~y Zv AR bi gva g evsjv `k RvwZmsN cöyxz cwigvc Ki aviv Abyhvqx bvmwik Kw `ªK mvwf m cö`v b AvÂwjK bz vbxq `kmg~ ni GKwU `k n e Gme mevmg~ ni Î D P gvîvq bvmwik m ú ³Zv ( gvevbj dvb, I qe, mvaviy weµq ey_ Ges mev K `ª mn wewfbœ mg kxj P v b ji gva g G mev cö`ë n e) Avw_ K Dbœqb, `vwi`ª `~ixkiy Ges DbœZZi I cökvmwbk ^ QZv ivóª cwipvjbvq mnvqk f~wgkv ivl e AvBwmwU ivwg v c G j ev evq b ewy Z cš v: cö Z K gš Yvjq K B- mevq KvR Kivi Rb cwikíbv cöyqb I Zv ev evq b mnvqzv cö`vb: G Î AMÖvwaKvi `Iqv n e UK bvjwr I SuywKi Kg wewb qv Mi gva g bvmwik `i Kv Q m ÿ v P myweav cö`v b Avi Zv Ki Z n e c wzmz cybtcwikíbv cöyqb Ges cö`ë mev K m ylfv M wb q Avmvi gva g bvmwikiv hv Z GB mvwf m c Z cv i Zvi Rb j wba viy Kiv, Ges GB ai bi m ú ³Zv DrmvwnZKi Yi Rb my úó cwikíbvi cöyqb mvwe K mikvwi gvb Abyhvqx hvezxq mikvwi mev cö`vb cöyvjx GKxf~Z Kivi cwikíbv MÖnY Ki e - mkj cökvi jb ` bi Rb e vk-gû-a Uv gk bi `xn gqv`x cwikíbv MÖnY Ki e K wl, GmGgBmg~ ni cö qvrb, `y h vm e e vcbv I Rjevqy cwiez b Ges ^v mevi cöwz we kl i Z Av ivc Ki e 2.2 : evsjv `k mikv ii Rb bvmwik- Kw `ªK, wewea avivi mev cö`v bi c wz cöyqb D Ïk : mikvi KZ K bvmwik- Kw `ªK wewfbœ P v bj wewkó Iqvb c mev K `ª cöwzôv Kiv n e hv B mvwf m wbf i mev cö`v b AMªvwaKvi cö`vb Ki e cö`ë mev Ggb fv e cö`vb Kiv n e, hv e envwik Pvwn`v Abyhvqx web _vk e Ges D Pnv i MªvnK I MÖnxZvi mš wó weav b m g n e AvBwmwU ivwg vc wkfv e m j ev evqb Ki e : av c av c eûgylx mevcö`vb c wz AbymiY Ki Yi gva g hv: bvmwik `i Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Zv `i wbku mn R evamg I cö qvrb Abyhvqx web mev I Z_ mieivn wbwðz Kiv mivmwi wmsnfvm bvmwi Ki Pvwn`v guv Z m Pó _vkv hv Z Zv `i wfbœ wfbœ gš Yvjq ev G RwÝ cwipvwjz P v b j h Z bv nq wewfbœ P v b j cwipvwjz mev mgš^ qi gva g cwipvwjz n e we klfv e wb gœv³ D Ïk mvab Ki e; - evsjv ` k D P nv i gvevbj dv bi we vi ev e envi - Kg aviv 2.1 Abymv i Uwj m Uvimg~ ni RvZxq buiqvk cöwzôv D PgvÎvq MÖvnK mš wó Ges mev cö`v bi gvb AR b Kiv gš Yvjq jv Z AvBwmwU Lv Z e qi ØZZv Gwo q hviqv 2.3 : B-Mf b Um Gi gvb Ges bxwzgvjvmg~n D Ïk : evsjv `k mikv ii Rb mgwš^z avivq m úv`b hvm B-Mf b Um Gi we vwiz iƒc ilv cöyqb, hv mg K `ªxq Ges vbxq mikvwi cöwzôvb Ges Zv `i AvBwmwU mvc vbqvi KZ K c~y v½fv e M nxz n e, hv Z wbwðz niqv hvq h B- mevmg~n djcö` I Kvh Ki fv e bvmwik Pvwn`v Abymv i mgwš^z n Q, Ges mikv ii AvBwmwU wewb qv Mi Lv Z AcPq ev cybive wë iva n e AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e m j ev evqb Ki e : B-Mf b Ý Gi Avš Kvh µ gi cömwzkxj Dbœq bi gva g GB j ev evwqz n e GB iƒc ilvi wfwë n e e vckfv e wkí wbf i Ges Lvjv gjv Av jvpbvwfwëk G Î e envi n e Avš R vwzkfv e ^xk Z Ges KvwiMwifv e wbi c Av`k gv bi Kg aviv 3 : AvBwmwULv Zi wekvk 3.1 : Avš R vwzk AvBwmwU evwyr Ges wewb qv Mi ^c cöpviyv D Ïk : 6

7 AvBwmwU wewb qvm, AvDU mvwm s Ges ißvwbi K `ª wn m e Avš R vwzk ch v q evsjv ` ki Rb ^xk Z eª vû m wó Kiv hvi mvnv h evsjv ` ki AvBwmwULvZ GLb _ K 2013 mv ji g a hb ißvwb, Uvb Afvi Ges mivmwi we `kx wewb qvm cö Z K eq i Aš Z 50% evov Z cvi e AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e m j ev evqb Ki e : evsjv `k mikvi Ges AvBwmwU wk íi g a Askx`vwi Z i wfwë Z kw³kvjx RvZxq eª vû M o Zz j djcö` Avš - R vwzk hvmv hvm Ges cöpviyv cwipvjbvi gva g 3.2 : AvBwmwU Lv Zi Rb Avw_ K hvmvb. D Ïk : GgbUv wbwðz Kiv hb FY MÖn Yi Î AwfMg Zvi Afv e Ges BKzwqwU dvbb vwýs myweav cövwßi RwUjZvq evsjv ` k AvBwmwULv Zi wekvk wewnœz bv nq AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e m j ev evqb Ki e : AvBwmwU e emvi Rb BKzwqwU G Uv cªbvviwkc dvû K wfwm (VC) dvwûs-gi mwµq Ges djcö` Drm wn m e bzzb fv e wpwýz Kiv AvBwmwULv Z evrvi cöwzeükzv gvkwejvq FY cö`v bi e e v ivlv mduiq vi Ges AvBwUBGm m± ii Rb K cv iu U v nwj Wi gqv` Aš Zc AvBwmwU ivwg v ci cuvp eqi gqv` ch š e w Kiv 3.3 : AvBwmwU Lv Zi Rb cö qvrbxq ` Zvi hvmvb D Ïk : GgbUv wbwðz Kiv h, wek cwigû j evsjv `k D P-gvb m úbœ AvBwmwU ` Zvi Drm wn m e cwijw Z nq Ges AvBwmwULv Zi wekv ki m ½ m ½GLv Zi cö qvrb guv bvi g Zv Dchy³ ` Rb Mwôxi hvmvb cö Z _vk Q AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e m j ev evqb Ki e : AvBwmwU cöhyw³ Ges evrv ii wekv ki m ½ m ½ AvBwmwU wk íi cwiez bkxj Pvwn`vi m ½ mvgäm c~y AvBwmwU ` Zvi hvmvb wbwðz Kivi D Ï k AvBwmwULvZ D P wk v c wzi g a Nwbô Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ges Askx`vwiZ vcb K i; Ges Dchy³ ` Zvi hvmvb `Iqvi Î wek we` vjq Lv Zi wi mvm Ges K vcvwmwui mxgve Zv cywl q bevi D ` vm MÖnY K i-- mkj cvewjk Ges cövb fu wek we` vjq Awfbœ RvZxq eªwe vû M elyv bu Iqv K i m ½ mshy³ K i 3.4 : AvBwmwUi mv _ m úwk Z welqmg~ ni wewb gvy D Ïk : evsjv ` ki cö Z KwU wefv M 2013 mv ji g a UK bvjwr cvk wn i e vckfv e e o DVv AvBwmwU Kv úvwbi Q (cluster) M o Zvjv AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e m j ev evqb Ki e : mikvwi emikvwi Askx`vwiZ Kv R jvwm q UK bvjwr cvk cöwzôv K i, hv wbkuezx D P wk vcx Vi m ½ ms hvm i v Ki e, Ges D P MwZm úbœ eªwe vû Ges Iq vi jm ms hvm myweav c Z m g n e UK bvjwr cvk Gi wbkuez x AvBwmwU cöwzôvbmy jv AvBwmwULv Zi cöwz AMÖvwaKviwfwËK e vckzi mnvqzv xg, hgb BKz wqwu G Uv cöbviwkc dvû BZ vw` myweav fvm Ki e 7

8 Kg aviv 4 : evrvi K Dc hvmx K i Zvjv 4.1 : B-Kgv m i Î AvBbMZ evavmg~n `~ixkiy D Ïk : GUv wbwðz Kiv h, evsjv ` k B j±wbk vjx evwyr cwipvjbvi Î Aewkó AvBbMZ cöwzeükzv AcmvwiZ n q Q Ges mikvwi I emikvwilv Z e emvq bzyb AvBbMZ myweav Kv R jvmv bvi Dchy³ cö qvrbxq weez b mvwaz n q Q we klfv e GUv wbwðz Kiv h evsjv `kx mkj bvmwik Ges e emvmg~n: - B-Kgv m i Î B j±ªwbk gva g A_ cwi kv ai mnrzi AwfMg Zv AR b Ki Z cvi Q - mkj mikvwi ms v Ges gš Yvj qi m ½ B- gb ji gva g hvmv hvm i v Ki Z cvi Q, Ges mikvwi jb ` bi Î hlv b D P gvîvi cövgvwykzv Avek K mlv b B j±ªwbk hvmv hvm c Î wwwruvj ^v i cö`vb Ki Z cvi Q AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e m j ev evqb Ki e : AvBwmwU G v± 2006 Abymv i GKwU cövgvwyk KZ c (Certified Authority) cöwzôv Kiv hv Z wwwruvj ^v i Gi kz vejx `Lfvj Kiv hvq Ges B-Kg vm I B- Mf b Um Gi Av`vb-cÖ`v bi ev eiƒc w` Z h e emvmz I KvwiMwi AeKvVv gvi cö qvrb Zv cöwzôvq e vsk jvi mv _ AskxØvwiZ M o Zvjv 4.2 : Uwj hvmv hvm Gi Î cöwz hvwmzv wbf i ivr Z wekvk Z ivwš^z Kiv D Ïk : GUv wbwðz Kiv h eªwe vû AeKvVv gv Ges mevi cövc Zv, gvb Ges Li Pi w`k w` q evsjv `k AvÂwjK bz vbxq ch v q cušqv bv wbwðz Kiv AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e m j ev evqb Ki e : evsjv ` k Uwj hvmv hv Mi ^c D`vig~jK cöwz hvwmzvwbf i evrvi M o Zz j µq hvm g~ j eªwe vû we xy GjvKvq mnrjf K i Zz j we kl c` ci Aš f y³ _vk e: wewuwmgj Gi c~y emikvwiki Y evsjv `k mikvi cöwzkö wze ; gv mi g a weµ qi Rb úó ivwg vc cökvwkz n q Q Avš R vwzk ch v qi D`vniY _ K GgbUv `Lv hvq h e w³ gvwjkvbvaxb Uwj hvmv hvm evrvi cöwz hvwmzvg~jk niqv Z Zv wrwwwcõi cöe w Z ewk Ae`vb iv L, mikv ii ivr ^ Av q Ges Kg ms v bi i e w Z mikvwi Lv Zi GK PwUqv Z i Zzjbvq AwaK Ae`vb ivl Z m g wewuaviwm evsjv ` ki UwjKg gv K Ui Dbœq bi KŠkjMZ bxwzgvjv cökvk Ki e, hvi wfzi evrv i ez gv b hviv mwµq Ges m ve bzzb hviv cö ek Ki e Zv `i K wewuaviwmõi evrvi Dbœqb KŠkjbxwZ, cöavb j mg~n Ges cö hvr bxwzgvjv wel q úó aviyv w` e Avgiv mycvwik ivlwq h wbw` ófv e KŠkjbxwZi AvqZvq _vk e: ^ Q Ges g~j wfwëk Avš tms hvm wewae e v Pvjbv Avš R vwzk ch v q DËi Yi c _ cöwz hvwmzv evov bv jvb mý cö`v bi j -AwfgyLx wewae e v cöez bi c` c MÖnY Ges kªyxwfwëk jvb m Ýi AwaK e envi eûewy jevwywr K wewae e v cöez b MÖvgv j eªwe vû AeKvVv gv cuš Q w` Z mnvqzv cö`v bi Rb mve Rbxb mvwf m dvû MVb wewuaviwmõi K vcvwmwu ev ` Zv e w i gva g Av iv bgbxq cvwikªwgk Ges MÖwWs KvVv gvi Aax b AwaKZi ckv`vix A_ bxwz, wjm vj Ges UwjKg G cvu hy³ Kivi j WvK I Uwj hvmv hvm gš Yvj qi c _ K cövwzôvwbk ch v jvpbvi Rb wbi cª Kwgkb wb qvm Kiv 8

9 Kg aviv 5 : bz Z Ges Mf b Ý 5.1 : Kvh Ki Avš t Mfb g U bz Z cöwzôv Kiv Ges AvBwmwU ivwg vc Gi cwipvjb cöwµqv wbqš Y D Ïk : GUv wbwðz Kiv h: K) ivwg v ci mkj w`k Dc vc b `vqe Zv Ges Gi mv _ m c ³ Dcv`vbmg~n mswk ó mevi Kv Q my úófv e cözxqgvb nq L) mdj ev evqb wbwðz Kivi j djcö` KvVv gv Ges cöwµqv mwvk ch v q Kvh Ki i q Q.AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e m j ev evqb Ki e : G Î Mf b Ý Kvh µg K kw³kvjx Kiv n e, hvi Aš fy³ _vk e: - AvBwmwU Uv dvm Øviv AvBwmwU ivwg v ci mvwe K `vwqz MÖnY - GKRb dzjuvbg mikvwi wmavbi (cöavb Z_ Awdmvi) Uv dv m i g~j `vwq Z AwawôZ _vk eb, whwb mivmwi Uv dvm Ges cöavb Dc `óv mgx c Revew`wn Ki eb Ges GKwU z`ª AvBwmwU ivwg vc cövmövg e e vcbv Awd mi mnvqzv jvf Ki eb - AvBwmwU ivwg vc ev evq bi AMÖMwZi wel q AvbyôvwbK cvewjk wi cvwu s cöwµqv AbymiY Kiv n e - eû msl K cªavb ms vcbvi ev e Kvh µ gi I AvbyôwbK F Yi Ifvi jwcs Ges weåvwš n«vm Kiv 5.2 : gš Yvjqmg~ n AvBwmwU KŠkjbxwZ Ges Kg Kv Êi DrKl Zv weavb D Ïk : GgbwU wbwðzkiy h cöwzwu gš Yvj qi Kvh Ki Mf b Ý KvVv gv Ges Kvh Ki cöwµqv i q Q G Î m š vlrbk mev wbwðz Ki Z cª qvrbxq ` Zv K Kv R jvmv Z n e AvBwmwU ivwg vc Kxfv e m j ev evqb Ki e : gš Yvj qi g a AvBwmwU cwipvjbvq DrKl weav bi j : AvBwmwU dvkvj c q Umg~ ni f~wgkv,dckiy Ges myweavw` msávwqz Kiv, hvi Aš f~y ³ _vk e gš Yvjmg~ ni AvBwmwU e q welqk cöavb A vkvdw Us Awdmvi K civgk `v bi AvbyôvwbK gzv Ac Y Kiv dvkvj c q Umg~n Ges mikvwi wmavbiõi g a cvi úwik wi cvwus wfwëk Nwbô hvmv hvm m wó cö Z K gš vj q AvBwmwU dvkvj c q U mgx c wi cvu Ki Z `vqe QvU GKwU AvBwmwU mj MVb mikv ii wfzi Af vš ixy AvBwmwU ` Zvi NvUwZ wbim bi R b : AvBwmwU m ji c evrvi `i Abyhvqx bzzb Kgx wb qvm Kiv mnrzi K i Zvjvi D Ï k Pjgvb A_ wewa Ges wbqgvw` cybtch v jvpbv Kiv ÔKw úduvi ^v izvõ (AvBwmwU e envikvixi gšwjk ` Zv) mikvwi PvKwi Z hvm`v bi cix vi A½ K i Zvjv 9

10 wpî 1.3. AvBwmwU mgqm~px Ges cöavb Mš e 1. bvmwikm Yi gzvqb 1.1 mve Rbxb jäzv 1.2 B-evsjv 1.3 wk Î AvB wm wu 2. mikvwi mev iƒcvš i 2.1 B- mev 2.2 Awfbœ mev K `ª 2.3 gvb`ê 3. AvB wm wu ej qi wekvk 3.1 Avš R vwzk cöpviyv 3.2 Avw_ K hvmvb gvwë K nvìvi cvu bviwkc D Øvab B-evsjv cvu bviwkc D Øvab evsjv ` ki Rb RvZxq AvB wm wu ivwg vc hvmv hvm msµvš cöpvibv D Øvab B-evsjv welqk RvZxq KŠkjbxwZ cökvk 10,000 Uwj m Uvi cöwzôv GB ch v q mg mikvwi I qe cökiy evsjvq cviqv hvq `k b welqk `wjj cökvk AvÂwjK cvbju D Øvab mkj gva wgk Ges D P gva wgk z j B Uvi bu ms hvm i q Q g~j LvZ mg~ ni `k b wfwëk `wjj cökvk gvwë K nvìvi cvu bviwkc D Øvab AvB wm wu Avw_ K Uv dvm cöwz eb cökvk wkí/ wk v cöwzôvb ` Zv Askx`vwiZ D Øvab mkj gš Yvjq Ò`ª Z dj jvfó B- mev D Øvab K i Q B-evsjv RvZxq KŠkjbxwZ cökvk B-cÖkvmb Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzvi iƒc ilv v-1.0 cökvwkz mkj mikvwi I qe cökiy GLb evsjvq cviqv hvq B-cÖkvmb Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzvi iƒc syilv v-2.0 cökvwkz evsjv ` ki bzzb eª vwûs Ges Avš R vwzk AvB wm wu wewb qv Mi c cöpviyv ïi DËg e vswks cöyvjx cökvwkz B B Gd ch v jvpbv cwimgvßed AvB wm wu U v nwj Wi gqv` e w ed mkj wek we` vjq eªwe vû M elyv I wk v Kvh µg buiqv K i A½ mkj D P gva wgk z j AvB wm wu j ve Av Q B-cÖkvmb Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzvi iƒc syilv v-3.0 cökvwkz 40,000 Uwj m Uvi cöwzôv zj DËxY cö Z Ki gšwjk AvB wm wu ` Zv i q Q mkj gva wgk z j AvB wm wu j ve Av Q AvB wm wu wk vµ gi eva Zvg~jK A½ B-cÖkvmb Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzvi iƒc syilv v-4.0 cökvwkz 3.3 ` Zv 3.4 IAvB wm wu Q 4. Dchy³ evrvi ˆZwi 4.1 AvBbMZ evav wbimb cvbju nvb- UK cvk D Øvab Aby gvw`z KZ c cöwzôv nvb- UK cvk Dbœqb K c v ikb cöwzôv wm G KZ K cö_g wwwruvj mb` Rvwi 4 wu ch vq-1 nvb- UK cvk D Øvabed evsjv ` ki gvbyl B Uvi bu Ges gvevbj dvb hv M µwwu Kv Wi gva g jb `b Ki Z cvi Q 3 wu ch vq-2 nvb- UK cvk D Øvabed 4.2 cwz hvmxzvgyjk UwjKg 5. bz Z Ges mgš^q cöavb wwwruvj Dc `óv wb qvm we wu Avi wm 5 evwl K cwikíbv MÖn bi ci Mš e w i Kiv n e cöavb wwwruvj Dc `óv KZ K AvB wm wu ivwg v ci AMÖMwZ wel q ˆÎgvwmK cöwz e`b cökvk 5.1 Avš t cökvmwbk AvB wm wu dvkvj c q U cö Z K gš Yvj q AvB wm wu bzzb mikvwi PvKwii Rb mg~ n evowz gzv Ac b m Uvi Ad& G jý ` gvb Kw úduvi ^v izv eva Zvg~jK 5.2 gš Yvj qi wfzi 1 mc 08 1 Rvby Rvby Rvby Rvby Rvby 2013 ch vq 1 t MwZ mâvi ch vq 2 t ch vß AvqZb AR b ch vq 3 t DËiY 10

11 ivwg v ci myweavmg~n AwfÁZv Øviv GwU ez gv b cögvwyz mz h úóz AvBwmwU mvgvwrk Ges A_ bwzk Dbœq bi m ½ mswk ó wek e vsk Ges IBwmwWÕi g Zv msmv bi M elyvq cökvk c q Q h D PgvÎvi AvBwmwU e envikvix D PgvÎvi abm ú`, Drcv`bkxjZv Ges gvbe Dbœq bi m ½ msqy³ Av iv µgea gvb D`vniY _ K `L Z cviqv hvq h, AvBwmwU Ges abm ú` m wói g a ms hvm nq Zvev evsjv ` ki g Zv Dbœqbkxj ` ki Î Av iv kw³kvjx n e hgb : Dbœqbkxj ` k cwipvwjz wbix vi djvdj cögvy K i h AvBwmwUÕi cömvi gv_v wcqz Avq e w Z mnvqk f~wgkv iv L, hvi d j Avw_ K cöe w i nvi e o hvq ZvwË K g Wj cözxqgvb K i, AvBwmwU Lv Z e q mivmwi we `kx wewb qvm AvKl Y Kivi Î, wewb qvm ciez x mg qi, kw³kvjx Ges µgea gvb mnvqk cöfve iv L evsjv ` k AvBwmwU Kg Kv Ê Zzjbvg~jK `ye j Ae vi A_ n jv Avgiv H mkj A_ bwzk my hvm _ K ewâz nw Q Ges e nr cwim i mshy³, IqvwKenvj Ges ^ QZv m úbœ mgvr I Mf b Ýi d j h mg mvgvwrk mydj jvf Kiv hvq mmei Avgiv nvzqvov KiwQ AvBwmwU ivwg vc GB ev ezv K wvkvvk K i wb q evsjv `k K mwvk c _ PvwjZ K i 2008 AvBwU bxwzi `k b Abyhvqx Z_ I hvmv hvm cöhyw³ Kv R jvwm q ga ezx Avq DcvR bkvix ` k cwiyz n q ^ QZv m úbœ, cöwz e`bkxj Ges Revew`wnZvg~jK mikvi cöwzôvi ga w` q mvgvwrk b vq wepvi Rvi`vi K i AvMvgx `k eq ii g a mikvwi- emikvwi Askx`vwi Z i wfwë Z LiP cvlv Yv mydj`vqk bvmwik mev wbwðz Ki e 11

12 2. f~wgkv GB wbe Üi D Ïk GB wbeü wb gœv³ D Ïk mva bi Rb cöyxz n q Q: - S2-ICT cökí--òrvzxq AvBwmwU ivwg vc cöyqb/evsjv ` ki Rb Kg cwikíbvó Gi Aš f y³ _vk e g~j Z _ i weeiy mn evsjv ` ki Rb AvBwmwU ivwg vc Gi cö vebv - evsjv `k mikv ii Rb MÖnYxq wewea Kg aviv Ges ciezx c` c Dc vcb Kviv cvv Ki eb Kvw Z Rb Mvôxi ZvwjKv wb P `Iqv nj: - evsjv ` ki ivr bwzk bz e `, hviv A_ bwzk Dbœqb I mikvwi cwigê ji AvaywbKvq bi cöwz AvMÖnx - weávb I AvBwmwU welqk gš Yvjq Ges evsjv `k Kw úduvi KvDwÝ ji mkj wmwbqi e e vckmy, hviv ÒmiKvwi Lv Zi wekv k AvBwmwUÕi e envió welqk cök íi e e vcbv Ges mnvqzvi m ½ m ú ³ i q Qb - evsjv ` ki Ab vb mikvwi KZ ve w³, hviv AvBwmwU Ges mswk ó cökímg~ ni m ½ mshy³ i q Qb ( hgb, GgIGmAvBwmwU, cöavb Dc `óvi Kvh vjq wfwëk B-Mf b Ý mj BZ vw`) - ivwg vc ev evqb cöwµqvq AskMÖnY Ki eb, Ggb mkj K nvìvimy, we klz evsjv ` ki e emvqx m cö`v qi bz e ` emikvwi ms v mg~n Ges evsjv ` ki mykxj mgv Ri cöwzwbwae ` wk v cöwzôv b Ges cöpvi gva g gzvgz MVbKvixMY evsjv ` k mwµq Avš R vwzk`vzv ms v jviwm vš MÖnYKvixMY cöm½: evsjv `k mikvi 2002 mv j AvBwmwU welqk RvZxq bxwzgvjv MÖnY K i Qq eqi cvi nevi ci AMÖMwZ Aek wbivkvrbk ez gvb Kg -`vwq Z i AviGdwc- Z hgb D j L Kiv n qwq jv: Òevsjv `k mikvi KZ K Z_ I hvmv hvm cöhyw³ (AvBwmwU), we klz, B Uvi bu msµvš e vcv i GL bv AbybœZ AvBwmwU msµvš wel q mikv ii `vwqz cövß G RwÝ, weávb Ges Z_ I hvmv hvm gš Yvjq (GgIGm AvBwmwU) RvZxq AvBwmwU bxwz 2002 wb ` wkz j AR b Ki Z mdjkvg nq wb cvewjk m±i Gi e e vcbv Ges cöyvjx Z DbœwZ weav bi c AvBwmwUi mswk ó myweavw` Kv R jvmv bvi g Zv ch vß K vcvwmwu Ges AeKvVv gv evsjv `k mikv ii bb mikvwi ch v q AvBwmwU e env ii nvi Lye bmy Ges KejgvÎ ^í msl K mikvwi Kg KZ v B Uvi bu Ges B- gbj e env ii myweav fvm K i Z`ycwi, mikv ii wfzi KŠkjMZ AvBwmwU cwikíbv MÖn Yi Dchy³ ` Rbe ji Afve i q Q Ó D j wlz 12

13 cö vc Ui Av jv K evsjv `k mikvi wriwf 3 wjwg UW Ges Gi `ywu evsjv `kx Askx`vi w ú bv fkb Ges ww buõ K mw wjzfv e GB KvR m úbœ Kivi `vwqz w` q Q: ÒRvZxq AvBwmwU bxwz 2002 Gi Av jv K evsjv ` ki Rb GKwU msw ß, ga g gqv`x Ges `xn gqv`x RvZxq AvBwmwU Kg cwikíbv ev ivwg vc ˆZwi Kiv, hv we vwiz Kg cwikíbv Dc vwcz Ki e 1) evsjv ` ki Dbœqb cö Póvq AvBwmwUi e envi Ges 2) evsjv ` ki AvBwmwU Lv Zi DbœqbÓ hw`i ez gvb ivwg vc cök íi AvbyôvwbK `vqe Zv wq jv AvBwU bxwz 2002 Gi ev evq b GKwU cwikíbv cöyqb Kiv, hw`i GB AvBwU bxwzi eqm GLb Qq eqi, Z e Avgiv GwU wbwðz Ki Z m Pó h cökíwu mvg bi w` K hb GwM q h Z cv i Rvbyqvwi 2008 mv j cök íi ïi _ KB cökí mswk ó mkv ji mv _ Avgv `i j wq jv fwel Zi Rb evsjv ` ki g~j AMÖvwaKvi jv K wpwýz Kiv ZvB Avgiv 2002 mv ji AvBwU cwjwmi Kvh cöwµqv KB ` pfv e a i e m _vk e cvwi bv GB Kv Ri Rb Avgiv e vck mnvqzv c qwq hlb 2008 mv ji MÖx Kv j cöavb Dc `óv kxl ch v qi mswk ó mkv ji Kv Q AvnŸvb Rvbvb mikv ii Kv Q GKwU bzzb ÔAvBwU cwjwm 2008 Dc vcbvi Rb evsjv `k euvi wer bm dviv gi ZË veav b Ges eª vk BDwbfvwm wui DcvPvh cö dmi Rvwgjyi irv PŠayixi bz Z evsjv ` ki Rb GB bzzb cwjwm cöyq bi KvR P j cökí wug 2008 mv ji AvBwU cwjwm c b Lvbyc Lfv e ch v jvpbv K i wb R `i GB wiwfd cöwµqvi mv _ wbweofv e RwoZ K i hv Z Avgv `i we k ly cöwµqvq mnvqzv Kiv hvq wiwfd cªwµqvq gva g mswk ó mkv ji wpš vaviv Ges mycvwikgvjvmg~n mvgwmökfv e Avgv `i we k ly Kv Ri gvb K DbœZ K i Q djvdj ^iƒc, ez gvb cöwz e` bi Aš fy ³ RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg vcwu m½z Kvi YB, Ges KLbB 2008 Gi AvBwU cwjwmi mv _ mgv_ K bq Gi KviY,G`ywUi g a `ywu cöavb cv_ K we` gvb i q Q: D Ïk : cö vwez 2008 AvBwU cwjwmi j n Q GKwU e vckzi Ges mvgwmök cwjwmi iƒc ilv cöyqb hv AvBwmwU mswk ó mkj Î mikvwi Kvh µg K úk K i Gfv e GB cwjwm Z 12wU wÿ vwiz j, 58wU KŠkjMZ w_g Ges 267wU Kvh µg wb ` wkz n q Q G jv mikvwi bxwz-wba vik `i Kv Ri Î i Z c~y bxwzgvjvi iƒc ilv Dc vwcz K i RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg vc Dc cbv Ges cªkí e e vcbv Î Av jvkcvz K i _v K Gfv e GwU cwic~y fv e mgwš^z cöeyzv bv `wl q eis we klfv e Kw `ªf~Z _v K D PZi cövavb cövß Kv Ri Î hv wkbv m e v P cöfve Dc vcbv K i G jv gwš `i Ges DaŸ Zb e e vcbvi ` wó Z Avmv DwPZ I e e vcbvmz cövav b i welq niqv mgxwpb gqv`kvj: AvBwU bxwz 2008 `k eqi mgq mxgvi g a GUv `L Z m Pó n e h GKwU cwjwm WKz g Ui g a KvbwU mwvk Ges Avek Kxq welq RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg v ci g Zv GKwU ev evqb cwikíbvi Î GZUv `xn mgq MÖnY hvm bq GB ivwg vcwu ZvB cuvpeqi mgqmxgvi g a mywbw` ó ev evqb cwikíbvi cöwz ` wó wbe K i Q Ges GB cwikíbvi AveZ b wfwëk ch v jvpbv I nvjbvmv`ki Yi Avewk KZv i q Q z`ª cwim i GgbwU ejv P j h, GB cöwz e` bi Aš fy ³ AvBwmwU ivwg vcwui cöw Z evsjv `k mikv ii Kv Q Avgiv civgk `e ciez x cuvp eqie vcx ms kvwaz AvBwU cwjwm 2008 Gi ev evq b myôz cökí e e vcbv Kxfv e cö qvm Kiv hv e 13

14 c wz : GB cöwz e`b Zwii Rb Avgiv: - we` gvb cwjwmmz D ` vm Ges evsjv ` k AvBwmwU Dbœq bi m ½ mswk ó cökímg~n m ú K M elyv cwipvjbv - mswk ó mevi m ½ we vwiz Avjvc-Av jvpbv Kiv - evsjv ` k AvBwmwU Dbœqb cwiw wzi ez gvb Ae vi cöwzdjb m ^wjz GKwU Ò ch v jvpbv wi cvu ˆZwi Kiv Ges AvBwmwU ivwg v ci Rb GKwU civgk c~y iƒc ilv cö`vb - Avgv `i ch v jvpbv wi cv U AvBwmwU ivwg v ci iƒc ilv m ú K hme cö vebv `qv n q Q mmy jv m ú K mswk ó mk ji ` wófw½ m ú K AeMZ niqv - evsjv ` ki Î hme AvBwmwU cwjwmmg~n Ges cökí me vwak cöfve we vi Ki e AMÖvwaKv ii wfwë Z m jv g~j vqb Kiv (GB cöwµqv m ú K Av iv we vwiz Rvbvi Rb Aby Q` 5 `Lyb) - GKwU Ò_ªv wi cvu Ó cö Z Kiv hv AMÖvwaKv ii wfwë Z cviqv Kvh µ gi cövß djvdj Dc vwcz K i Ges AvBwmwU ivwg vc K mvg b GwM q wb Z civgk cö`vb K i - _ªvó wi cvu Gi Dci K nvìvi ev mswk ó `i cö vebv K Zz j a i - _ªv wi cv U i wbweo we k l Yi gva g evsjv ` ki Rb cöwzwu wgkb wµwuk vj cövmöv gi Î we vwiz AMÖvwaKvi I mycvwikgvjv cö`vb Kiv evsjv `k mikvi K 26 Ryb 2008 mv j RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg v ci cö_g c~y v½ Lmovi Ask wn m e GwU cö`ë nq - Lmov ivwg v ci Dc i e vck cwim i mswk ó mk ji kjv-civgk MÖnY Kiv nq, GB D Ï k 18 m Þ ^i 2008 mv j RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg vc welqk mwgbv ii Av qvrb Kiv nq ( mwgbv ii wi cvu cviqv hv e: GB P~ovš WKz g U, mswk ó mk ji gzvgz Ges RvZxq mwgbv ii Av jvpbvi cöw Z evsjv ` ki Rb AvBwmwU ivwg vc welqk Avgv `i P~ovš cöwz e`b ck Kiv nj 14

15 4. Pjgvb cwiw wz ch v jvpbv mvaviy fv e evsjv `k Dbœqb, ÁvbwfwËK A_ bxwz Ges B-Mf b Ýi cö qvr b AvBwmwU e env ii Î GB A ji Ab vb A bk ` ki Zzjbvq wcwq q i q Q; hv wb Pi cuvpwu wp Î dz U D V Q cö_g wzbwu wp Î AMÖMwZ hvpvb qi Rb RvwZms Ni wgwjwbqvg Dbœqb j i Uv M U 18 Ò emikvwi cwigê ji mnvqzvq bzzb cöhyw³, we klz Z_ I hvmv hv Mi mydj mieivn Ki bó- wb ` wkz wzbwu m~p Ki wecix Z wemz cuvp eq i evsjv ` ki AMÖMwZ `Lv bv n q Q m~pk wzbwu n jv : - cöwz 100 R b cv m vbvj Kw úduv ii msl v - cöwz 100 R b B Uvi bu e envikvixi msl v - cöwz 100 R b Uwj dvb jvbb Ges mj dvb e envikvixi msl v G jv _ K wgkª wpî cökvk cvq wpî : 4.1 _ K `Lv hvq 2000 mv ji ci _ K evsjv ` k wcwm cö e ki nvi h _ó e o hvq- Z e Zv LyeB wbgœ nv i, RbmsL vi gvî 0.15% Gi e envi K i, hvi d j GL bv evsjv ` k cöwz 100 R b gvî 1.2wU wcwm i q Q wcwm cö e ki nvi-e w i GB gvîv fviz Ges wf qzbv gi g Zv ` k mxgvbvi Dc i G m Q, wkš kªxj¼v, gvj qwkqv Ges Px bi P q Gme `k wcwq q i q Q wpî 4.1. Kw úduvi e envi Gi nvi wg jwbqvg Dbœqb j > e w³mz Kw úduvi 800% 700% evsiv `k 600% wc wm e w i nvi500% % 300% kªxjskv 200% India Pxb 100% gvj qwkqv `t Kwiqv bcvj A ªwjqv 0% wf qzbvg wm½vcyi cvwk vb RbmsL vi cöwz 100 R b wc wm, 2004 Z_ m~î: Gov3 analysis, using data from UN Millennium Development Goal Indicators site at tp://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/data.aspx 15

16 Aek, wpî 4.2 wpw ýz K i h, wcwm cö e ki nv i wkqz cöwz ekx `k mxgvbvi mgvš iv j G ji ev Qvwo q M ji Gi d j evsjv ` ki bvmwik `i gv S B Uvi bu e env ii nvi D j L hvm gvîvq DbœxZ Ki Z evsjv `k e _ n q Q we ep `k wji g a evsjv ` ki Ae vb me wb gœ Ges cöe w i nvi AZ š k _ wpî 4.2. B Uvi bu e env ii nvi wg jwbqvg Dbœqb j > B Uvi bu e envi 7000% wf qzbvg 6000% 5000% B Uvi bu e envikv ix e w i 4000% nvi, % % evsiv `k fviz cvwk vb 1000% Pxb gvj qwkqv `t Kwiqv A ªwjqv wm½vcyi 0% 0 bcvj kªxjskv I RbmsL vi cöwz 100 R b B Uvi bu e envikvix, 2006 Z_ m~î: Gov3 analysis, using data from UN Millennium Development Goal Indicators site at tp://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/data.aspx me k l ejv hvq h, wpî 4.3 wpw ýz K i GKwU GjvKvq wekvj AMÖMwZi Avi Zv n Q Uwj dvb e env ii AwfMg Zv Uwj hvmv hvm A v± Gi D`vi bwzki Yi cö vc U gvevbj dv bi e env i e vck we ùviy N U wpwýz `kmg~ ni g a me P q ewk cöe w i nvi wb q evsjv `k gvevbj dvb e env ii Î GKwU Zvrch c~y mxgvbvq i q Q ez gv b evsjv ` k 3 R bi g a 1 Rb ev Zvi ewk gvbyl gvevbj dvb e envi Ki Z cvi Q 16

17 wpî 4.3. Uwj dvb AwfMg Zv wg jwbqvg Dbœqb j > wd Ges mjyjvi dvb cöyvjx 5000% 4000% evsiv `k DbœwZi nvi % 2000% cvwk vb wf qzbvg 1000% Pxb gvj qwkqv bcvj l A ªwjqv fviz kªxjskv `t Kwiqv 0% wm½vcyi RbmsL vi cöwz 100 R b wd jvbb Ges mjyjvi MÖvnK, 2006 Z_ m~î: Gov3 analysis, using data from UN Millennium Development Goal Indicators site at tp://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/data.aspx ciezx `ybwu Pv U c~ e wpwýz `kmg~ ni cökvm bi wfzi AvBwmwUÕi we vi Ges e env ii Î AMÖMwZ `Lv bv n q Q RvwZms Ni B-Mf b Ý welqk mgx v _ K DcvË biqv n q Q, hlv b `Lv hv Q RvwZmsN KZ K evsjv `k K `ywu m~p Ki wecix Z g~j vqb Kiv n q Q: - B- mevi msl v Ges mevi gv bi cwikxjzv (A_ vr I qe grvi B Û hv AbyfywgK w` K cö`wk Z n q Q) Ges - mikv ii m ½ bvmwik `i AbjvBb hvmv hv Mi AwfÁZvi gvb (B-cvwU wmk ckb B Û hv Dj ^ w` K cª`wk Z n q Q) 17

18 wpî 4.5. RvwZms Ni B-cÖkvmb eâgvk 2002 RvwZms Ni B-cÖkvmb eâgvk > A ªwjqv B-AskMÖnb cwiywz 0.5 `t Kwiqv wm½vcyi kªxjskv fviz 0.2 cvwk vb bcvj gvj qwkqv 0.1 evsiv `k wf qzbvg Pxb B- mev cwiywz Z_ m~î :United Nations e-government Readiness Report : e-participation index covering information, consultation and decision-making, 2: web-government index covering interactivity, transactions and networked presence. 18

19 wpî 4.6. RvwZms Ni B-cÖkvmb eâgvk 2007 RvwZms Ni B-cÖkvmb eâgvk > A ªwjqv `t Kwiqv B-AskMÖnb cwiywz 0.7 m½vcyi 0.6 f qzbvg 0.5 Pxb 0.4 gvj qwkqv 0.3 fviz 0.2 evsiv `k 0.1 cvwk vb 0.0 bcvj kªxjskv B- mev cwiywz Z_ m~î United Nations e-government Readiness Report : e-participation index covering information, consultation and decision-making, 2: web-government index covering interactivity, transactions and networked presence. GB PvU wj cö vebv `q, hw`i evsjv ` k B-Mf b Ý mevi msl v Ges gvb Dfq w` K AMÖMwZ AR b K i Q Z e Zv Gwkqvi Ab vb ` ki mv _ Zv mgvb MwZ Z Av m wb (GKgvÎ e wzµg n Q bcvj, GB `kwu RvwZms Ni wba vwiz Dfq m~pk Qvwo q wm q Q) AMÖMwZi GB Zzjbvg~jK gš i MwZi KviY wk? bxwzmz wepv i, ez gvb A vmvbb g U AMÖmi niqvi mgq Avgv `i Kv Q g b n q Q Gi wzbwu m ve e vl v _vk Z cv i: K) evsjv `k Abb mvaviy wkqz Dbœqb cöwzeükzvi gy LvgywL, hvi `i Y G AÂ ji Ab vb Dbœqbkxj ` ki m ½ Zzjbvq M j ekvq`vq c o L) mikv ii c _ K GB Î bxwzmz Ges KŠkjMZ ` wócv Zi KgwZ Av Q M) mikv ii M nxz KŠkj evsjv ` k GB Î Zgb RyrmB bv niqvi KviY hfv e KŠkj jv ev evq bi D ` vm biqv n q Q Zv Z `ye jzv wqj ZvB Avgv `i wm vš n jv, hw`i wzbwu e vl vi cö Z KwU Z wkqz ev ezv Dc vwcz n q Q, g~j mgm v Avm j Lye ewkfv e wbwnz Av Q Z Zxq Î, A_ vr ev evqb cöwµqvi g a wpî 4.7 Ges 4.8 GB e vl vi we k ly Zz j a i Q mswk ó mk ji m ½ G hvez Avgv `i kjv-civgk, Ges Avgv `i W M elyviwfwë Z wpî 4.7 Avgv `i ` wó Z Z_ mgvr wn m e evsjv ` ki cöavb kw³ Ges `ye jzv wk m wel q mvwe K ` wócvz K i Q 19

20 wpî 4.7 : evsjv ` k AvBGmwUÕi mvg _ i w`k Ges `~e jzv LvZ mvg _ i w`k `~e jzv mgvr - Z Yg~j ch v q kw³kvjx D ` vm MÖnYGes mykxj mgv Ri D vebx kw³ - Kw úduvi nvw Iq vi Ges A v mwi Ri ^í g~j - gvevbj dvb e env ii e vck Ges µgea gvb cömvi - hviv wb Riv e envi Ki Z cv i bv ( hgb wbi Zv ev Kw úduvi e env ii ` Zvi Afv e) Zv `i K Z_ hvmv bvi cöwz ga ZvKvixi mvnvh cö`v bi gvbwmkzv - wgwj qwbqvg Dbœqb j gvîv AR bi c _ A bkuv PvwjZ n Q wkí - gvbem ú` eve` wewb qv Mi w`k _ K evsjv ` k AvBwU AvDU mv wms-gi ^í g~j - AvBwU MÖvRy qu `i gv S Bs iwr fvlvq cöv_wgk ` Zv Ges AvBwU ` Zvi DrK ó gvb - wek e vcx AvDU mvwm s Gi µgea gvb Pvwn`v - Av qi wbgœ nvi - cöwz ekx `i Zzjbvq AvBwmwU Dbœqb Ges e env i evsjv ` ki cðv`c`zv - AvBwmwU Dbœq bi Rb Kvh Ki evrvi KvVv gvi Afve m ve cömvi VwK q i L Q - we`y r, d v jvbb Uwj dvb Ges B Uvi bu mn AeKvVv gvmz NvUwZ - B Uvi bu ms hv Mi D Pg~j Ges ^í gvîvq e envi - AvBwmwUÕi Pvwn`v evov bvi g Zv vbxq B Uvi bu DcKi Yi Afve - MvcbxqZv Ges wbivc`nxb DcKiY _ K i v welqk bxwzi Afve - AvDU mvwm s-gi m ve Drm wn m e evsjv `k m ú K Avš R vwzk ch v q AeMwZi Afve - AvBwmwU m± ii Rb cö qvrbxq D P ch v qi ` Zvi Afve - e vsk dvbb vwýs-gi NvUwZ i q Q, AvBwmwU m± ii Rb Kvb mymwvz eivï bvb - evrv ii gšwjk Î jv Z cöwz hvwmzvi Afve - bzzb cöhyw³ e vck nv i MÖn Yi e vcv i wewawb l ai eovrvj ( hgb- wfiavbwc, DBg v ) - cökí e e vcbv Ges wecyb ` Zvi Afve - mg µq cwjwm GKB gvb`û AbymiY K i, d j GmGgB mg~n evsjv `k mikv ii µq cwjwmi myweavmg~n MÖnY Kivi my hvm Lye KgB cvq mikvi - AvBwmwU evsjv ` k Ô_ªv GwiqvÕ wn m e ^xk Z - RvZxq AvBwW KvW cökí mgwš^z bvmwik- Kw `ªK mev cö`v bi hvm Zv ˆZwii m vebv iv L - cöavb Dc `óvi Kvh vj q GK mm Uz Bbdi gkb (A2) cök íi m wó, hvi j n jv AvBwmwU Ges B-Mf b Ýi Avš t cökvmwbk D ` v Mi g a mgš^qmvab - B-Mf b Ý nvivbrb vb cöwz e`b Dbœq bi k³ wfwë ˆZwi K i Q - cökvmbrwbz Kvh cöyvjxi Ifvij vwcs Ges mgš^qnxbzv - K `ª _ K Av iv kw³kvjx AvBwmwU bz Z `v bi cö qvrbxqzv - B-Mf b Ýi cöv_wgk wkqz fv jv ` óvš _vk ji Gi cöavb Dcv`vbmg~n ( hgb,avš tkvh cªwµqv I mvaviy DcvË Gi mu) Abycw Z - AvBwmwU wbf i cvewjk Lv Zi iƒcvš i ` Zv cövwßi mxgve Zv - mikv ii g a AvBwmwU e envikvixi cwigvy Ach vß 20

21 GB we k ly _ K `ywu welq D V G m Q cö_gz GUv úó h, evsjv `k hw`i eo ai Yi cöwzeükzvi m ylxb, Z_vwc m jv e wzµgag x bq G A ji Av iv Ab vb Dbœqbkxj ` ki GKB ai Yi wksev Av iv eo ai Yi mgm v weivrgvb wøzxqz, evsjv ` ki wbf i Kivi g Zv D j L hvm wkqz mvg _ i w`ki i q Q, h jv _ K bxwzmz fv e Avgiv Avkv Ki Z cvwi h g~j GjvKv jv Z Av iv D j L hvm AMÖMwZi c _ Avgiv avwez n Z cvizvg, hlv b Abyiƒc Ae vq Ab vb `k Av iv ewk AMÖMwZ jvf K i Q myzivs Zzjbvg~jK Kg AMÖMwZ hw` Z_ mgv Ri c Kvb D j L hvm RvZxq m ú `i Afv e bv nq, Zvn j Avgv `i wøzxq m ve e vl v n Z cv i GB h, G Î D³ wel q mikv ii c _ K Zzjbvg~jK Kg bri`vix we` gvb wqj d j Gme m ú` h_vh_fv e e envi nq wb Avev iv, cögvyvw` _ K GwU cözxqgvb nq h e vcviuv Zgb bq e Z, wb Pi wpî 4.8 G hgbwu msw ßfv e Dc vwcz n q Q h, evsjv ` k AvBwmwUÕi cöwz i Z v ivc Ges KŠkj MÖn Yi D j L hvm BwZnvm i q Q hv `yõ`kk wcqb ch š hvq hw`i evsjv ` k AvBwmwU e env ii AZxZ BwZnvm 1960 Gi `kk ch š hvq Z e Gi MwZkxj cöqvm ïi n qwqj 1986 mv j evsjv `k Kw úduvi KvDwÝj (wewmwm) MV bi ga w` q mb jmœ _ K ` k AvBwmwU Dbœqb DrmvwnZ Kivi j evsjv `k avivevwnkfv e wewfbœ A v± Ges cwjwm MÖnY K i Avm Q cöavb AMÖMwZi g a i q Q AvBwmwU Dbœq bi j mycvwikgvjv 1997 Ges AvBwmwU bxwz 2002 cöyqb AwZ m cöwz cöavb Dc `óvi BDwb Ui g a GKwU B-Mf b U mj m wó Kiv n q Q Ges ww m ^i 2007 G GKwU B-Mfb g U nvivbrb vb m úbœ Kiv nq wpî 4.8 : evsjv ` k AvBwmwU e env ii msw ß BwZnvm el Dbœqb 1964 G UvwgK GbvwR m Uvi Ges wek we` vj q Kw úduvi e envi ïi nq mb 1964 mv j; evsjv ` k cö_g gb d«g Kw úduvi Av m 1964 mv j 1970 Gi `kk PvÂj Ki ivr bwzk ev ezv Ges A_ bwzk g `vi `i b AvBwmwUÕi b~ bzg wekvk nq wkqz wkqz mikvwi cöwzôv b mxwgz msl vq W Uc wcwm (386 wwg ) e envi 1986 evsjv `k Kw úduvi KvDwÝj (wewmwm) cöwzôv 1990 wewmwm A v± cöyqb evsjv ` k B Uvi b Ui AvMgb B Uvi bu evsjv ` k `wi Z Av m cö `óv wjwg UW BDwb Uz BDwb Kwc (BDBDwmwc) B- gbj Pvjy K i 1993 mv j 1996 mv ji Ryb gv m mikvi cövb fu Kv úvwbmg~n K Uz I q mujvbu MÖvDÛ kb cöfvbwvi (AvBGmwc) wn m e KvR Kivi AbygwZ cö`v bi wm vš MÖnY K i B Uvi bu cö UvKj (AvBwc) ms hvm cöez b nq 1996 mv j 1997 mv ji RyjvB gv mi g a AvbygvwbK 5,500 AvBwc Ges BDBDwmwc GKvD U ˆZwi nq mv ji Ryb gv m evsjv `k mikv ii evwyr gš Yvjq evsjv `k _ K mduiq vi ißvwbi mgm v Ges m vebv hvpvb Kivi j GKwU KwgwU wb qvm K i mikv ii D ` v M 1997 mv j GwU K RAviwm Kwgk bi Aš f~ ³ Kiv nq RAviwm Kwgkb 45wU mycvwik cöyqb K i 21

22 mv ji Ryb gv m mikvi Kw úduvi nvw Iq v ii Dci _ K me ai Yi Avg`vwb ïé Ges f vu Zz j biqvi wm vš MÖnY K i mšfvm µ g GKB mg q Avš R vwzk ch v q Kw úduvi nvw Iq v ii g~j n«vm cvq, hvi d j Kw úduv ii g~j b g G m gvsvwi Av qi cwiev ii µq gzvi g a P j Av m 1998 UwjKg bxwz 1998 cöez b 2001 Uwj hvmv hvm A v± 2001 cöwzôv GB A v ±i dj ^iƒc evsjv `k UwjKwgDwb Kkb i juwi Kwgkb (wewuaviwm) MwVZ nq, hvi j evsjv ` k Uwj hvmv hvm wm g Ges mevi gvb Dbœqb I djcöm~ wbqš Y 2001 weávb I AvBwmwU welqk gš Yvjq MVb Rvbyqvix 2002 _ K wewuaviwm Kvh µg ïi K i wewmwm cö_g AvBwmwU Lmov bxwz cöyqb K i 2002 mv ji A ±vei gv m D³ bxwzi D Ïk wq jv : - AvBwmwU GKxfeb Ges mduiq vi wk íi wekv ki j AeKvVv gvmz my hvm Ges AvBwmwU wjm vj d«giqvk m wó Kiv - AvBwmwU Lv Zi Dbœq bi j vbxq Ges we `kx D ` v³v `i cö Yv`bv hvmvb - RvZxq Ges Avš R vwzk buiqv K i Aeva hvzvqvz wbwðz Kivi j djcöm~ AeKvVv gv M o Zvjv - mkj Avw_ K Lv Z AvBwmwU Bw U MÖkb DrmvwnZKi Yi gva g ^ QZv, Kvh KvwiZv Ges myôy cökvm bi cöwz DØy Kiv - wbf i hvm I cwiµgy- hvm RvZxq WvUv er m wó - cvewjk m± i AvBwmwU e envi, cöwk Y I PP v DrmvwnZ Kiv - Avš R vwzk gvb DËxY AvBwmwU cö dkbvj `i ch vß msl K wi mvm M o Zvjv hviv vbxq Ges Avš R vwzk evrv ii cö qvrb guv Z m g n e - AvBwmwU wk í wbiwew Qbœ mnvqzv hvmv bvi j GKwU Kvh Ki AvBwmwU cöwzôvb M o Zvjv - Iqvì UªW AM vbvb Rk bi kz vejx AbymiY K i AvBwmwUi Dbœqb mymg K i Zvjvi j AvBbMZ wewagvjv cöyqb 2002 mv j GgIGmAvBwmwU em dzu RvqMvi Dci AvBwmwU Kv úvwbmg~ ni Rb AeKvVv gvmz mg myweavw` mn AvBwmwU BbwKD eui cöwzwôz nq GgIGmAvBGmwUÕi RvZxq Uv dvm KwgwU 3 GwcÖj 2003 mv j nvb UK cvk cökí ev - evq bi wm vš MÖnY K i wm vš Abyhvqx GKi Rwgi Dci nvb UK cvk cöwzôvi c` c MÖnY Kiv nq f~wg gš Yvjq Ges GgIGmAvBwmwUÕi g a g gv iûvg Ad AvÛvi vwûs ^v wiz nq Ges 24 GwcÖj 2004 f~wg gš Yvjq GgIGmAvBwmwUÕi wbku Rwg n vši K i cök íi KvR GL bv Pj Q GgIGmAvBwmwU evsjv ` k UKmB B-cÖ wz ev B- iww bm wekwkz Kivi j wewmwmõi Dci PviwU cökí Pvjy Kivi `vwqz Ac b K i cökí jv nj: - S1-ICT cökí (B-Mf b Ý) - S2-ICT cökí (RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg vc cwjwm) - S3-ICT cökí ( buiqvk AeKvVv gv) 22

23 ww m ^i S4-ICT cökí (gvbe m ú` Ges cöwk Y) M vevj Bbdi gkb mycvinvbi qi m ½ (SEA-ME-WE-4) 1.28 UivevBU WvUv UªvÝdvi K vcvwmwu mn mve gwib Kej ms hvm vwcz nq 2006 mv j B-Mf b Ý Gi Kvh Ki cö qv Mi Rb mkj gš Yvj qi g a mgš^qmva bi j cöavb Dc `óvi Kvh vj qi (wmgi) Aax b B-Mf b Ý mj MwVZ nq B-Mf b Ý mj Gs gš Yvj qi wfzi mgš^qmva bi `vwqz GKRb hym mwp ei nv Z `evi gva g cö Z K gš Yvj q dvkvj c q U cöwzôv Kiv nq GKwU M RU bwuwd Kk bi gva g mikvi cö Z K gš Yvj qi Rb GwWwcÕi Aš Z 2% eivï wbw` ó K i ivlvi wb ` k Rvwi K i Bwm KZ K fvuvi AvBwW Ges RvZxq AvBwW cökí Gi KvR MÖnY B-Mfb g U nvivbrb vb cöwz e`b kl nq S1-ICT, S2-ICT, S3-ICT Ges S4-ICT cök íi Kvh µg ïi nq ZvB Avgv `i wm vš nj, AvBwULv Z Zzjbvg~jK AbMÖmiZv h_vh_ ` wócv Zi Afv ei Kvi Y ev ivr bwzk AMÖvwaKvi bv cvevi cö vc U n q Q Ggb e vl v Kiv hv e bv c vš i, Avgiv g b Kwi Avgv `i Z Zxq m ve Î e vl v wbwnz i q Q h, M nxz KŠkjvw` ev - evq bi D Ï k h mkj c` c biqv n q Q m wji `ye jzvi Kvi Y GB Î mikv ii M nxz KŠkjvw` evsjv ` k Zgb jvfrbk nq wb Avgv `i M nxz wm vš Gs Ab vb ` ki bqv djcöm~ c` c m ú K Avgv `i ch e Yi Av jv K Avgv `i we k ly n jv, cuvpwu cöavb Î `ye jzv wbwnz i q Q: 5. G RÛv cwiez b hv ek e vck nevi Kvi Y h_vh_fv e e e vcbvi AvIZvq Avbv hvq bv G Î AMÖvwaKvi cvevi Î jv h _ó cövavb cvq bv ev R U Ges e e vcbvq Kv_vq i Z `qv n e ZvI wbw` ó Kiv _v K bv mikvi KZ K M nxz AwaKvsk KŠkj hv Avgiv G hver cix v K iwq, evsjv ` ki Rb Kvw LZ AvBwmwU cwjwm ms v ii cöwz gvuv `v M D Pvwfjvlx ` wófw½ jvjb K i Q D`vniY ^iƒc, 2002 Gi AvBwmwU bxwzi Aax b 10wU cöavb i Z en Î Ges c` ci Rb 107wU we vwiz mycvwikgvjv Aš f y³ Kiv n q Q 2008 mv ji Rvbyqvwi gv m cöavb Dc `óvi Kvh vj qi Aax b B- Mf b Um nivbrb vb cöwz e` b mvzwu cöavb Î wpwýz Kiv n q Q Ges 31wU AMÖvwaKviwfwËK avivq c` c MÖn Yi Rb mycvwik Kiv n q Q Ges AwZ m cöwz evsjv `k euvi wer bm dvivg GKwU bzzb AvBwU bxwz 2008Õi cö v ei Dci KvR K i Q hvi Aš f y³ i q Q e vckzi j m ^wjz 58wU KŠkjMZ cöm½ Ges 267wU Kg cöyvjx cö Z K Î, we vwiz D ` v Mi cö Z KUv ms vig~jk Kg m~wpb Avjv`v fv e Zvrch c~y GKw`K _ K GB gvîvi D Pvkv BwZevPK Z_vwc mgm v n jv, Gi d j, Kxfv e wewfbœ mycvwi ki g a AMÖvwaKvi wba viy Kiv `ikvi Zv ey S, bv ` LB mikvi me wkqz GKmv _ Ki Z Pvq, myzivs djdj `uvovq- Ac~Y ev evqb 23

24 2 A úó I mgš^qnxb cökvmb KvVv gv Ges Kvh cöyvjx evsjv ` k AvBwmwU Mf b Ýi m ½ A bk ai Yi ms v m ú ³ i q Q, hv wb P (wpî 4.9) `Lv bv n q Q Avgiv mswk ó hv `i m ½ hvmv hvm K iwq Zv `i g a A b KB gš e K i Q, Revew`wnZv ev `vqe Zv Kv_vq ev Kvi Kv Q m welqwu cwi vi bq wpî 4.9. Rvbyqvix 2008 mv j evsjv `k mikv ii AvBwmwU Mf b Ý KvVv gv G 21 cökízª wgwbw ª G dvkvj c q U wgwbw ª we dvkvj c q U wgwbw ª wm dvkvj c q U mikv ii wewfbœ A ½i gva g AvB wm wu welqk hvezx Kvh µg mgwš^z avivq cwipvjbvi j AvB wm wu mikv ii Kvh µg mswk ó g~j gš Yvjq Ges dvkvj c q U mg~n nvb UK cvk cökí B-cÖkvmb mj AvB wu Gd-Gi B wm wc Gg I Gm Av wm wu Uv dvm AvB wm wu msµvš Kg -cwikíbv ev evqb Zovwš^Z Kivi D Ï k wewfbœ K nvìvi `vi cöwkwbwa Z i wfwë Z `ª Z wm vš MÖn bi j m e v P KŠkjMZ ms v ww AvB AvB G Gg I Gm Av wm wu cwikíbv gš Yvjq Gm AvB wm wu we K AvB AvB wm AvB wm wu BbwKD eui we wm wm evwyr gš Yvjq AvB wm wu Uv dv m i B wm - K mnvqzv cö`vb Ges A vb wm wu welqk cökí mg~n mgš^ qi j AvB we wc wm Ávb wbf I A_ bxwz, we klz md&uiq vi Ges AvB wu B Gm -Gi ißvwb e w i cöqvm jvjb Kivi j j Yxq h, Avgv `i ez gvb A vmvbb g U PjvKv j evsjv `k mikvi BwZg a GB weåvwš Kwg q Avbvi D Ï k wkqz cwiez b G b Q D`vniY ^iƒc AvBwmwU Uv dvm Gi mwpevjq cwikíbv gš Yvjq _ K weávb Ges AvBwmwU welqk gš Yvj q n vš i Kiv n q Q, Z`ycwi,GmAvBwmwUÕi Avbylvw½K mv cvu dvskb wewmwmõi Kv Q n vš i Kiv n q Q G jv BwZevPK AMÖMwZ Ges Avgv `i mycvwi ki m ½ msmwzc~y weavq Avgiv Awfb `b RvbvB 24

25 3. Kvh Ki Avš t Mfb g U cövmövg e e vcbvi Afve h nzz AvBwmwU GKwU µm-kvwus Î, ev evq bi Î Awbevh fv e GKvwaK ms v RwoZ _v K G Kvi Y 2000 mv j cöavbgš xi Kvh vj qi Aax b GKwU Uv dvm MVb Kiv n qwq jv m hv nvk, mswk ó mk ji KvQ _ K Avgvi h cöwzwµqv c qwq, Zv Z ejv n q Q mwu djcöm~ iƒ c Kvh wbe vn K i wb Uv dvm Ges weávb I AvBwmwU welqk gš Yvj qi g a m ú K i Î úózv wqj; Uv dvm K mnvqzv cö`v bi `vwqz cövß cöavb Kg KZ vi Ab vb AMÖvwaKvi wqj, h wj GB wbw` ó `vwq Z i m ½ msmwzc~y wq jv bv; Ges Uv dvm Lye KgB mfvq wgwjz nz Av iv mvaviy A _, AvBwmwU cwjwm mgš^ qi D Ï k gvb mg e e vcbv KŠkj cö qv Mi Kvb bwri Avgv `i Pv L c o wb A_ vr cök íi Rb my úófv e `vwqz e Ub, ev evq bi Rb cwi gq j I cwikíbv, Ges cövmövge vcx SzuwK e e vcbv I av c av c Bmy wfwëk wb úwë welqwu G Î `Lv hvq wb 4. ` Zv Ges mvg _ i Afve GB wel q mswk ó mk ji cöwzwµqv n Q, mikv ii wfzi ` Zv Ges mvg _ i mxgve ZvB Gi Kvh KvwiZv wewnœz nevi eo GKwU KviY hw`i Uªwbs eve` h _ó e q Kiv n q Q, wkš Zvi mydj G m Q mvgvb B; AwaKvsk Î cöwk Yi cökiy cövqkt Kg Îi wbw` ó `vwq Z i m ½ m½wzwenxb niqvi Kvi Y Ges AwR Z ` Zv Kg j cö qv Mi e vcv i DÏxcbv jv fi we kl Kvb my hvm bv _vkvq Kv Ri KvR wkqzb nq wb 5. emikvwi I ^ Qv meklv Zi mvg _ i e w Ges mgvavb MÖnY bv K i eis Zv ev evq bi Ggb aviv Aej ^b hv MZvbyMwZK fv e mikvwi Kg KvÊ wn m e wbe vwnz n q Avm Q bvmwik mgvr Ges emikvwilv Zi Askx`vix Z i e` j G hvez A bk Kg KvÊ h mikvwi Kw `ªK avivq wbe vn n q Av Q Zvi GKUv úó Pnviv cviqv hvq gvevbj dv bi mdj cömvi GKwU D`vniY n q Av Q h mikvi hlb emikvwilvz K KvR Kivi Rb mnvqzvc~y KvVv gv `q, ZLb K Zv bvukxq djvdj AR b Kiv m e nq wkš cövq mgqb emikvwilv Zi mswk ó mk ji KvQ _ K Avgiv h cöwzwµqv cvb ZvÕn jv, evrvi K bzzb wkqz Ki Z `Iqvi e vcv i mikvwi ch v q wx jwg _vk Z cv i ( hgb DBg v i g Zv bzzb AvBwmwU) Abyiƒc fv e GbwRIÕi cªwzöwµqv n jv, Dbœq bi Rb Zv `i AvBwmwU welqk Kvh µ gi m ½ mikv ii mswk ózv h ZvUv cviv hvq Zviv y`ª cwim i ivl Z Pvq, wkš Ab vb KwZcq ` ki g Zv mikvi K Askx`vix Z i cªavb AbyNUK wn m e ivl Z AvMÖnx nq bv 25

26 4. ivwg v ci KvVv gv evsjv ` ki AvBwmwU ivwg v ci GKwU mvwe K ` wófw½ wb Pi wp Î `Lv bv n q Q GB KvVv gv g~jz Rwic cöwz e` bi Ask wn m e Av jvwpz Ges M nxz n qwq jv Ges GwU ivwg vc cöyqb KvR Ges mywbw` ó mycwikgvjviwfwë wn m e KvR K i Q GwU ˆZwi Kiv n qwq jv GLvb _ K wk v MÖn Yi gvbwmkzvq Ges G Z AvBwmwU cwjwm ev evq bi Î cuvpwu HwZnvwmK `ye jzv wb q Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q, h wj Pjgvb cwiw wz g~j vq bi mgq cwijw Z n qwq jv Ges c~ e i Aby Q ` ms c Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q 1 bvmwikm Yi gzvqb 2 mikvwi mev cöyvjx iƒcvš i B-MYZ `ª B-bvMwiK B-evwYR jäzv AvB wm wu Avgvi Kv Q Kg Li P mnr jf e envikvix 3 AvB wm wu ej qi wekvk nvw Iq vi md&uiq vi G vwc Kkb B-A_ vqb B-Gm Gg B B-K wl B-wk v B-mv DØy KiY Av wm wu a K Avgvi Rxe bi mv a cök Z m½wzc~y myweav cvq bvmwik mikvwi Kg KZ v Gm Gg B AvZ wek vm Av wm wu e env ii Rb cö qvrbxq me ` Zv Avgvi Av Q Ges Avwg e envi Ki Z wbivc` I Av v eva ewi UwjKg& wwwruvj cökiy AvBbMZ KvVv gv B-ms wz B-`~ h vm I Rj-evqy cwiez b wewag~jk KvVv gv Avw_ e KvVv gv 4 Dchy³ evrvi ˆZwi Kiv 5 bz Z Ges cökvmb ez gvb AvBwmwU ivwg v c wb ` wkz gšwjk Kg aviv n jv: 1. bvmwik `i gzvqb: bvmwik `i g a I e emvq AvBwmwU MÖnY Ges e env ii Î AvZ wek v mi Afve Ges DØy nevi c _ evav wbim bi j GKwU mgwš^z KŠkj MÖnY: cö ekvwakvi: Z_ Ges Ávb jv fi Rb AvBwmwU e env ii Rb bvmwik Ges e emv cöwzôvb, Dfq c i gzvqb Avek K gvevbj dvb e env ii cömvi gvby li Z_ jv f my hvm evwo q Zz j Q, Ges B Uvi bu Av iv mg AwfÁZv w` Z cv i Z_vwc AvBwmwU e env ii, we klz B Uvi bu e env ii nvi evsjv ` k GL bv LyeB mvgvb AvBwmwUÕi evrvi wekv ki Db y³ Ki Z Ges Av iv e vck nv i AvBwmwU e env ii cöpjb ˆZwi Kivi Rb Av iv A bk c` c MÖn Yi cö qvrb i q Q AvZ wek vm t djcªm~fv e AvBwmwU e envi Ki Z cvivi g Zv AvZ wek vmi e envikvixi _vk Z n e hlv b gvbylrb mivmwi AvBwmwU e env ii ` Zv iv L 26

27 bv ( hgb ^v izv ev gšwjk AvBwU ` Zvi Afv e) ga ZvKvixi f~wgkv Zv `i K Z_ jv fi my hvm K i `Iqvi Î djcöm~ n q Q DØy KiY: evsjv ` ki gvby li Î cövmw½k welq n Q B Uvi b U vbxq wel qi Afve Ges GwU GKwU i Zi welq cövmw½k welq Qvov AvBwmwU e envi Kivi ^v_ KZv Aí hw`i vbxq cövmw½k welqvw` Aš f y³ Kivi e vcv i wkqzuv AMÖMwZ n q Q, Z_vwc Zv h _ó bq G ai bi welqe ˆZwi, avivb I jvjb Kivi Rb Av iv A bk wkqz Kivi Av Q, G Î Z Yg~j ch vq _ K mikvwi ch vq ch š Aš f yw³i cö qvrb i q Q 2. mikvwi melv Zi iƒcvš i: mikvwi ch v q AvBwmwU e env i wkqzuv AMÖMwZ G m Q, hvi g a i q Q RvZxq cvu vj vcb Ges AbjvBb M RU cökvk Z_vwc, mikvwi ch v q AvBwmwU cöavbz Pjgvb e e vaviv Kw úduvivbr Kivi Î Kv R jvmv bv n q Q, Z e MÖvn Ki cö qvrb Abymv i cökvm b cwiez b Avbvi e vcv i Zgb wkqz Kiv nq wb hw`iev, Kw úduvivbrkiy Ges Z_ gylxzv _ KI MÖvnKiv Kvh Z myweav cvq, B-Mf bý _ K Avmj Zvrch c~y myweav cviqv hvq DËi Yi myev `- hvi Rb e emvi aviv Ges Kv Ri Af v m gšwjk cwiez b Avbvi cö qvrb c o, hvi Rb Avevi bz em Ges mikvwi mevcö`vbkvix K cwiez bi c DØy KiY Ges cö Yv`bv hvmv bvi cö qvrb i q Q 3. AvBGmwULv Zi wekvk: AvBwmwULvZ evsjv ` k m ve mdjzvi GK ` óvš 1998 mv j M nxz Kw úduvi nvw Iq vi Ges md&uiq v ii Dci _ K me ai Yi Avg`vwb ïé Ges f vu Zz j biqvi wm vš m` RvZ GB wkí K wekvwkz nevi my hvm K i w` q Q AvBwmwU BbwKD eui cökí ek wkqy Kv úvwb K jvjb K i Q; Avi hme Kv úvwb AvDU mvwm s-gi Rb evsjv ` k KvR G b Q Zviv evsjv ` k A bk ikg myweav `L Z c q Q we klz WbgvK, evsjv ` k `ª Z wewb qvm evov Q Ges Av iv Ab vb ` ki ZrciZvi cöw Z wekvk jv fi m vebv Av Q Z_vwc, mduiq vi ißvwb 2007 mv j wecixz gy L Ny i hvq, AZGe, Av iv c` c MÖn Yi úó cö qvrbxqzv we` gvb mvaviy fv e ivwg v ci AvqZvq Avgiv wbwðz n Z cvwi h, evsjv ` ki bvmwik, e emv cöwzôvb Ges e w³lv Z AvBwmwU cy Ges mevi cövwßi µea gvb Pvwn`v Gi mieiv ni w`kwu K Rviv jv Ki Z mnvqzv K i 4. Dchy³ evrvi ˆZwi: GB Kg avivi AvqZvq _vk e mme c` c h wj Øviv wbwðz niqv hv e h, AvBbMZ wewag~jk Ges Avw_ K KvVv gvi g a evsjv ` k ÁvbwfwËK A_ bxwzi Pvwn`v Ges mieiv ni Av`vb cö`vb nq m wj hb mnvqk Ges kw³`vqk nq AvBGmwUÕi c evrv ii cwi ek DbœZ Kivi D Ï k evsjv `k A bk wkqz Ki Z cv i e nëi cöwz hvwmzvi Rb evrvi Db y³ K i `Iqv Ges Av iv D`vi GKwU wbqgvbyezx cwi ek m wó Kiv M j evrvi cwiw wz Z Zvrch c~y cwiez b mvwaz n e Ges ms hvm e q K g Avm e evrvi KvVv gv Dchy³ K i M o Zvjvi j M nxz c` c n e cwiez bi eo nvwzqvi jvi GKwU Ges evsjv ` ki AvBwULv Z GwU ÔZwor mdjzviõ cöfve dj e 5. bz Z Ges cökvmb: mvwe K ivwg vcwui Kvh µg wbwðz Ki Z cövwzôvwbk Ges mikvwi Kvh vejxi `ye jzv K gvkvwejv Ki Z n e, KviY Gai Yi `ye jzvi Rb 2002 AvBwU cwjwmi Kvh KvwiZv gš i I Am ú~y i q M Q 27

28 5. cövavb cövß wel qi iƒc ilv: we` gvb D ` vmmg~ ni gvbwpîvqb m vebv hvpvb qi cöwµqv ïi Kivi Rb Avgiv evsjv ` k we` gvb ez gvb bxwzgvjv Ges mycvwikgvjvi gvbwpîvqb K iwq Avgiv Pjgvb D ` vm Ges evsjv ` ki Rb cökí cwikíbvi Nu U ` LwQ mb gvbwpî wj GB cöwz e` bi cwiwkó wn m e Aš f y³ Kiv n q Q (hv Avjv`v `wjj wn m ei cviqv hvq) - cwiwkó K- GwU AvBwmwU ivwg vc KvVv gvi m ½ m½wzc~y evsjv `k mikv ii Pjgvb cökí mg~n gvbwpîvqb K i - cwiwkó L- GwU evsjv `k mikv ii Pjgvb cwjwmmg~n h jv AvBwmwU ivwg vc KvVv gvi m ½ m½wzc~y Ges cöavb Dc `óvi Kvh vj qi B-Mf bý mj KZ K mv cöwzk nvivbrb vb wi cv U i gva g evsjv `k mikvi KZ K cö vwez bzzb cwjwmmg~n Gi gvbwpîvqb Dc vcbv K i - cwiwkó M- GwU cöavb Dc `óvi Kvh vj qi B-Mfb g U mj KZ K cökvwkz nvivbrb vb cöwz e` bi mycvwikgvjvi wecix Z AvBwmwU ivwg v ci KvVv gvi Dci gvbwpîvqb K i - cwiwkó O- GwU K nvìvi `i bzzb cwjwmi Rb cö vebv Õi gvbwpîvqb K i, hv Avgiv GB cök íi Kvh cöwµqvi wfzi w` q, vk nvìvi `i ev mswk ó `i Kg kvjv Abyôv bi gva g Ges Avgiv hme mv vrkvi MÖnY K iwq m jvi gva g Avgv `i Kv Q G m Q mw wjz fv e Gme DcKiY jv _ K evsjv ` ki Rb me gvu 262wU m ve AMÖvwaKvi cövß DcKi Yi GKwU `xn ZvwjKv D V G m Q euvi wer bm dviv gi c _ K D V Avmv 267wU mycvwikgvjvi Avgiv ch v jvpbv K iwq dviv gi c _ K mikv ii Kv Q Gme mycvwikgvjv Dc vwcz n qwqj GKwU bzzb AvBwU cwjwm 2008 Gi Rb wpî 6,1. cwjwm Qi ev evq bi Kvh cöwµqv ev BbcyU 28

29 AMÖvwaKv ii cöwz Avgv `I ` wóf½x Inputs 124 wu mikvwi AvB wm wu cökí mikv ii 11 wu AvB wm wu bxwz nwi R Uvj vb KZ K 31 wu mycvwik K nvìi `i 150 wu mycvwik 2008 Av wm wu bxwz Abym Z 267 wu KZ e evsjv ` ki Rb cövq 60 wu AMÖvwaKv ii mỳ xn ZvwjKv c jwm Î Abymv i wby q c~yive wë wbqš Y Q mswk ó c jwm 20 wu bxwz Q 1. e envikvix `i K Dchy³ K i Zvjv mve Rbxb KwgDwbwU wfwëk AvB wm wu jäzv Zwi evsjv cökiy wk v Î AvB wm wu AvB wm wu MÖn bi Rb Gm Gg B mnvqzv 2. mikvwi mev iƒcvš i bvmwik- Kw `ªK mikvwi cökib 3. mikvwi mev iƒcvš i AvB wu B wm Î Af vš wib wewb qv Mi c m PZbZvg~jK cöpviyv Pvwn`vi m ½ m½wzc~y we klá AvB wu B wm ` Zvi hvmvb evov bv Avw_ K hvmvb Avi GÛ ww Ges D vebvi cöwz mnvqzv AvB wu B wm Q ˆZwi I cb mvm Dbœqb vbxq Kv úvwbi Î ckv`vix µq KibxwZ 4. evrvi KvVv gv cöwz hvmxzv mg_ K evrvi KvVv gv B-evwYR Ges B-cÖkvm bi c AvBbMZ evav wbimb B-evwY R i Dchy³ K i Zvjvi j gv K U cv ú cövbg KiY AvB wc Avi fv³vi wbivcëv 5. cökvmb Avš t cökvmwbk cökvmb web vm úó Ges Rvi`vi KiY gš Yvj qi wfzi cökvmb web vm Rvi`vi KiY cwjwm Qi ms hvmmvab we k ly cöwµqvi myweavi Rb Avgiv Gi c i gvu 529wU D ` vm I mycvwikgvjv K ms k ly c wzi gva g 20wU Ôcwjwm Q wb q Avwm- GKB ikg ˆewkó Ges D Ïk m úbœ Kvh cöwµqv K GKwU e vck kªyxweb v mi AvIZvq wb q Avmv nq wb Pi wp Î Zz j aiv n q Q Gme cwjwm Q, hv `je n q Q cuvpwu cöavb Kvh cöwµqvi Aax b G jv wpwýz n q Q AvBwmwU ivwg v ci iƒc ilvq Ges cöwzwu kªyxweb v mi AvIZvq Avmv wewfbœ cwjwm m ú K e vl vi cö`vb Kiv nq wpî 6.2 evsjv ` ki Rb cwjwm Q (Cluster) e envikvix `i gzvqb 1. KwgDwbwUwfwËK AvBwmwU AwfMg Zv Ges AvBwmwU ` Zv 2. evsjvq AvBwmwU DcKiY ˆZwi - KwgDwbwUwfwËK AvBwmwU AwfMg Zv c q U/ Uwj m Uvimg~n - KwgDwbwUwfwËK AvBwmwU ga ZvKvixi gva g) AwfMg Zv DrmvwnZKiY ( hgb- - mevi Rb gšwjk AvBwmwU ` Zv e w Kiv - mve Rbxb AvBwmwU AwfMg Zv c q U Ges Uwj m Uvimg~ ni myweav cövwß wbwðzkiy - bvix `i Rb AvBwmwU mnvqzv - myweav ewâz Mvôxi Rb AvBwmwU - evsjv fvlvq vbxq wel q bzzb DcKiY ˆZwi Z Drmvn cö`vb - we` gvb DcKiY wwwruvbr Kiv (D`vniY ^iƒc, jvb eªwi, RvZxq AvKv Bf, mikvwi DcKiY BZ vw`) 29

30 3. mikvwi Ges bvmwik ch v q Z _ i Aeva AwaKvi - cövmw½k DcKiYmg~n evsjv fvlvq Abyev` Kiv - evsjv DcKiY Z ivvwš^z cö wz Ges cömv i mnvqzvi j cöhyw³ MZ gvb ervq ivlv - mikv ii m ½ B j±wb gva g hvmv hvm Kivi bvmwik AwaKvi - Z_ A v ±i h_vh_ iƒcvqb hvi d j bvmwikiv mikvwi mkj WKz g U AwfMg Zv jv fi AwaKvi cv e - mikvwi Z_ webvg~ j evwywr K cybe env ii cwjwm wba viy Kiv 4. wk vq AvBwmwUÕi e envi - zj ch v q AvBwmwUÕi AwfMg Zv - B-jvwb s - wk K `i Rb Z_ Ges Kv m i DcKiY wewbgq Kivi g Zv buiqvk _vkv - zj jvi Rb AvBwmwU AeKvVv gv 5. AvBwmwUÕi e env i GmGgB mnvqzv mikvwi mevlv Zi iƒcvši 6. bvmwik Kw `ªK mikvwi mevmg~n AvBwUBwm LvZ 7. Avš R vwzk evwyr Ges wewb qvm cöpviyv 8. we klá AvBwUBwm ` Zvi hvmvb - z`ª e emvq AvBwmwU e env ii KŠkj - GmGgBmg~n K Zv `i e emvq AvBwmwU e env ii cö Qbœ myweavw` m ú K Rvbv Z Z_ Kg m~wpi Av qvrb Kiv - GmGgB `i AvBwmwU e env i Avw_ K mnvqzv cö`vb - GmGgBÕiv hv Z AvBwmwUÕi e env i DrmvwnZ nq mrb Zv `i U v n«vm Kiv mn Ab vb cö Yv`bv cö`vb - B- mev - mev cö`v bi P v bjmg~n - B- Mf b Ýi gvb Ges cwjwmmg~n - evsjv `k K AvD mvwm s Gi m ve K `ª wn m e Zz j a i Avš R vwzk evrv i cöpviyv - Avš R vwzk B f U Ges ivw kv- Z AskMÖnY - ißvwbi Î Avš R vwzk mn hvwmzv Ges mnvqzv - zj jv Z úkvwj / D Pgv bi AvBwmwU wk v cö`vb - wek we` vjqmg~ n AvBwmwU wk v - cövßeq `i Rb AvBwmwU wk v - we klá ` Zv cöwk Y - QvÎ `i K AvBwmwU wel q we klázv AR bi Rb cö Yv`bv 9. AvBwUBwm Q M o Zvjv - nvb UK cvk - AvBwmwU BbwKD eui 10. Avw_ K Awf Mvg Zv - AvBwUBwm wewb qv Mi Î mikvi Aby gvw`z FY - AvBwUBwm Lv Zi Rb SuywK Znwe ji e e v Kiv 11. AviGÛwW Ges D vebvi - AviGÛwWÕi Rb mikvwi mnvqzv Rb mnvqzv - wek we` vjq/wkí Î Askx`vwi Z Drmvn cö`vb 12. I cb mvm M o Zvjv - I cb mvm md&uiq vi e env ii c cwjwm wba viy - I cb mvm M o Zvjvi c cö Yv`bv cö`vb 13. vbxq Kv úvwbi Rb µq-weµ q AMÖvwaKvi - vbxq Kv úvwb KZ K AvBwmwU µ qi e vcv i AMÖvwaKvi `evi cwjwm MÖnY 30

31 wfwëk cwjwm 14. Ki cwjwm - nvw Iq vi, md&uiq vi, AvBwU mev, BZ vw` µ qi Î U v cö Yv`bv - AvBwUBwm wk í mnvqzv cö`v bi j U v cª Yv`bv evrvi iƒc ilv 15. cöwz hvwmzv AbyK~j mswewae iƒc ilv 16. B-Kgv mi c cöwzeükzv `~ixkiy - cöwz hvwmzv DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb mswewae cwjwm - BbwKD e U Acv iui `i myweavw` cöz vnvi - LyPiv weµq _ K nvj mj c _KxKiY - kªyxmz jvb mý - I cb ú±ªvg eivï - wewuaviwmõi Kvh KvwiZv evov bv - B j±ªwbk ^v ii AvBbMZ ^xk wz - B- c g U Pvjy Kivi j e vs Ki m ½ wg j KvR Kiv 17. wwwruvj AvBwcAvi - wwwruvj DcK Yi Rb AvBwcAvi wbqš Y cöyvjx - Avš R vwzk ch v q AvBwcAvi Gi mgš^qmvab - AvBwcAvi cöez b 18. MÖvnK wbivcëv - MvcbxqZv - wbivcëv Mf b Ý 19. Avš t mikvi Mf b Ý Gi web vm úó Ges Rviv jv Kiv (iƒc ilv, cöwµqv Ges cö Yv`bv) 20. gš Yvj qi Af š ixy Mf b Ýi web vm Rvi`vi Kiv - mikv ii wfzi AvBwmwU msµvš `vwqz Ges f~wgkv m ú K úófv e e vl v cö`vb - Avš t mikvi cökí e e vcbvi ` Zv evov bv - AvBwmwU ivwg v ci `vwqz MÖn Yi Rb mikv ii wfzi _ K GKwU Kw `ªq bz `jmvb - Avš tmikvi mgš^q wbwðz Kiv Ges mn hvwmzv evov bvi Rb cö qvrbxq cö Yv`bv Ges Drmvn hvmv bv - gš Yvjq Ges ms v ch v q AvBwmwU dvkvj c q Ui f~wgkv AvbyôvwbK fv e wba viy - GgbwU wbwðz Kiv h dvkvj c q U Gi Kvh cöwµqv djcö` niqvi g Zv cö qvrbxq wi mvm, ^xk wz Ges cö Yv`bv we` gvb i q Q - gš Yvjqmg~ n cªvmövg Ges cökí e e vcbv Rvi`vi Kiv Avgiv g b Kwi, GB ZvwjKv me v½xb, hlv b cö Z KUv wbw` ó cökí, c` c Ges AMÖvwaKvi gvuv `v M Kvb bv Kvb GKUv wk ivbv gi AvqZvq c o GB ZvwjKvq K nvìvi `i ev mswk ó `i AwfgZI mwbœ ewkz n q Q, hv Avgiv Kg kvjv Ges mv vrkv ii gva g msmön K iwq 20wU cwjwm Qi (Cluster) GB ZvwjKv m úbœ Kivi c i ciez x av c Avgiv cö Z KUv Q K QqwU gšwjk gvb` Ûi wecix Z g~j vqb K iwq, AZtci Avgiv m jv GK m ½ Mo K i Zzjbvg~jK i Z Ges m vebvi wfwë Z `ywu mvwe K mvi-m~pk wbiƒcy K iwq, hv wb P `Lv bv n q Q gš Yvjq Ges ms v ch v q AvBwmwU dvkvj c q Ui f~wgkvi i Z I m ve Zv wba viy Kiv n q Q 31

32 wpî 6.3. g~j vq bi g~j m~pkmg~n cö Z K gvb` Ûi Rb vi wba vi Yi wfwë wb Pi wp Î ey bv Kiv n q Q cö Z K Î cwjwm Q (Cluster) g~j vq bi Î Kvb Pzovš g~j vqy bq, eis Zzjbvg~jK wepvi Kiv n q Q: Ab fv e ejv hvq, cöfve, m ve Zv, BZ vw` Abymv i cö Z K cwjwm Qi (Cluster) cwigvymz g~j vqb Kiv nq wb, eis `Lv n q Q Ab vb m ve bxwzi n ci cöw Z mwui m vebv evo e bv wk Kg e wpî: 6.4. m vebv g~j vq bi gvb`ê gvb`ê 1. `vwi`ª `~ixkiy/mvgvwrk H K i Î Ae`v bi gvîv vi wba viy cöyvjx i 3- ^í _ K gvsvwi gqv `i g a `vwi`ª `~ixkiy Ges mvgvwrk HK m wó Z D j L hvm cöz f~wgkv ivlv i 2- gvuv gvwu cöz A_ev c iv i 1- mvgvb D j L hvm f~wgkv i 0- Zvr wyk f~wgkv Abycw Z 2. A_ bwzk Dbœq bi Î Ae`v bi gvîv i 3- ^í _ K gvsvwi gqv `i g a g~jab m wói Î D j hvm cöz f~wgkv i 2- ^í _ K gvsvwi gqv `i g a ab m wói Î wkqy cöz ev c iw f~wgkv i 1- ^í _ K gvsvwi gqv `i g a mvgvb D j L hvm f~wgkv i 0- ^í _ K gvsvwi gqv `i g a Zvr wyk 32

33 Kvb f~wgkv Abycw Z 3. cöfv ei cwigvy Ges e vwß i 3 -µm&-kvwus, wewfbœ m± i wewfb ai bi cöwzeükzvi cöfve i 2- evsjv ` k Z_ mgv Ri c Kvb my úó evavi gvkv ejv K i, hv wewfbœ m± i cöfve we vi K i A_ev GKB m± i wewfbœ evav gvkv ejv K i i 1- GKwU m± ii GKwU my úó GKK cöwzeükzvi gvkv ejv K i (`ªóe : LvZ jv K msávwqz Kiv n q Q: z`ª e emv, bvmwik, mikvi, AvBwU Bwm) i 0- mvgvb cöfve A_ev ^í msl K gvbyl K cöfvwez K i 4. m ve YK cöwzd ji cwigvy i 3- AZ š kw³kvjx YK cöwzdj i 2- kw³kvjx YK cöwzdj i 1- wkqy YK cöwzdj i 0- ïb /mvgvb YK cöwzdj 5. e q mskzjvb i 3- b~ bzg cöz e q i 2- ^í cöz e q i 1- gvsvwi e q i 0- cöpzi e q 6. ev evqb Dc hvwmzv i 3- we` gvb hvm Zv wfwë Z ^í SzuwK Z Zr wyk ev evqb i 2- mnrvz SyuwK Aí, wkš bzzb hvm Zv M o Zvjv cö qvrb i 1- RwUj Ges SzuwKc~Y, A bklvwb cwiewz Z e e vcbv hvm Zv M o Zzj Z n e i 0- AZ vš RwUj Ges ev evq b e vck SzuwK we` gvb GB Zzjbvg~jK g~j vq b DcbxZ niqvi Rb Avgiv h wm vš jv MÖnY K iwq, m jvi wel q Z_ hywm q Q: - Gov 3 Gi Ab vb ` ki AwfÁZv - Z_ mgvr M o Zvjvi cöwµqvq PvwjKvkw³ Ges cöwzeükzvi we k ly Ki Q B-Mf b Ý mj hv Z nvivbrb vb wi cvu K AeMZ Kiv hvq - evsjv ` k AvBwUBwm mieivn wkímg~n Avgv `i wbr ^ we k ly Abyhvqx h mvg_, `ye jzv, my hvm-myweav Ges SuywKi m ylxb nq Zv wb P `qv nj (cwiwkó Gd `ªóe ) Avgv `i g~j vq bi P~ovš djvdj wb q K nvìvi ev mswk ó mk ji m ½ ` wófw½ wewbgq Kiv n q Q Ges Zv `i `qv AwfgZ mshy³ Kiv n q Q 33

34 6. AMÖvwaKviwfwËK djvdj GB Aby Q ` Avgiv m vebv hvpvb cöwµqvi ga w` q cövß cöv_wgk djvd ji weeiy Zz j a iwq- hv K nvìvi `i m ½ civgk µ g cöz vqb Kiv n q Q KŠkjMZ hvm Zv KŠkjMZ hvm Zv evsjv ` ki cö vc U Kvb wbw` ó bxwzi h_v_ Zvi Mo cwigvc wgwj qwbqvg Dbœqb j i Av jv K evsjv ` ki Rb `ywu cöavb AMÖvwaKvi n jv `vwi`ª we gvpb Ges A_ bwzk Dbœqb AZGe Avgiv, evsjv ` ki Rb Kvb welq wj m e vëg KŠkjMZ h_v_ Zv iv L, Zv wby q Kivi Rb G `ywu AMÖvwaKv ii wecix Z evsjv ` ki m ve _v ª GjvKv g~j vqb K iwq G `yõai Yi v ii Dci wfwë K i Avgiv GKwU g vwuª wbiƒcy Ki Z c iwq, hv cö Z KwU AMÖvwaKvi K cö`wk Z Ki Q Ges G `ywu KŠkjMZ j i m ½ K ZvUv h_v_ Zv cökvk K i (wb Pi wpî 7.1 `Lyb) wpî 7,1 KŠkjMZ hvm Zvi we k ly KŠkjMZ msmwz Intermediate evsjv ` ki AMÖvwaKvic~Y j, `vix`ª we gvpb Ges A_ bwzk Dbœq bi m ½ B ` vm K ZvUv mvgväl c~y? `vix`ª we gvpb/ mvgvwrk HK fv³vi wbivcëv Db y³ mikvi bvmwik- Kw `ªK mikvwi mev wk v Î AvB wm wu Gm Gg B mnvqzv KwgDwbwU AvB wm wu evsjv cökiy cöwz hvmxzv mg_ K evrvi cökvmb gš Yvj qi cökvmb AvB wu B wm cöpvibv we lá ` Zv B-evwY R i cöwzeükzv Kg aviv = e envikvixi gzvqb = mikv ii DËiY = AvB wu B wm ej qi Dbœqb = Dchy³ evrvi ˆZwi = bz Z Ges cökvmb vi m~pk i 3- ^í _ K gvsvwi gqv `i g a D j hvm cöz f~wgkv i 2- ^í _ K gvsvwi gqv `i g a wkqy cöz ev ci f~wgkv Avi GÊ ww mnvqzv I cb mvm Avw_ K hvmvb AvB wu B wm Q wbg vy i 1- ^í _ K gvsvwi gqv `i g a mvgvb D j L hvm f~wgkv 0 µq AvB wc Avi KibxwZ i 0- ^í _ K gvsvwi gqv `i g a Zvr wyk Kvb f~wgkv Abycw Z A_ bwzk Dbœqb 34

35 cöfve cöfve GKwU Mo cwigvc, hv `yõwu cöavb m~pk GKwÎZ K i wbiƒcy Kiv n q Q Z_v, evsjv ` ki Î cöfve we v i Gi e vwß I cwigvy Ges YK cöwzdjmg~n cwjwmi mv _ mshy³ _v K GB `yõai Yi v ii Dci wfwë K i Avgiv GKwU g vwuª ˆZwi K iwq, hv cö Z KUv AMÖvwaKvi Ges evsjv ` ki Rb Gi cöfve K Zv e vck Zv cökvk K i (wb æ wpî 7.2 `Lyb) wpî 7,1.2 cöfve we k ly cöfv ei e vwß Ges cwigvy cöfve evsjv ` ki Rb D ` v Mi cöfve wk cwigvy? Avw_ K hvmvb µq 0 Gm Gg B mnvqzv Db y³ mikvi Avi GÊ ww mnvqzv I cb mvm YK cöwzdj KwgDwbwU AvB wm wu bvmwik- Kw `ªK mikvwi mev KibxwZ fv³vi wbivcëv AvB wc Avi Intermediate evsjv cökiy cöwz hvmxzv mg_ K evrvi cökvmb wk v Î AvB wm wu gš Yvj qi cökvmb B-evwY R i cöwzeükzv AvB wu B wm Q AvB wu B wm cöpvibv we lá ` Zv Kg aviv = e envikvixi gzvqb = mikv ii DËiY = AvB wu B wm ej qi Dbœqb = Dchy³ evrvi ˆZwi = bz Z Ges cökvmb cöfv ei e vwß Ges cwigvy i 3- µm&-kvwus, wewfbœ m± i wewfbœ cöwzeükzvi Dci cöfve we vi K i i 2- evsjv ` k Z_ mgv Ri c Kvb wbw` ó evavi gvkv ejv K i, hv wewfbœ m± i cöfve we vi K ia_evgkb m± iwewfbœevav gvkv ejv K i i 1- GKwU m± ii GKwU wbw` ó cöwzeükzvi gvkv ejv K i `ªóe : m± ii máv aiv n q QvU e emv, bvmwik, mikvi, AvB wu B wm i 0- mvgve cöfve wksev ^í msl K gvbyl K cöfvwez K i YK cöwzdj i 3- AZ vš kw³kvjx YK cöwzdj i 2- kw³kvjx YK cöwzdj i 1- wkqy YK cöwzdj i 0- ïb /mvgvb YK cöwzdj m ve Zv hvpvb Kvb cwjwm Kej evsjv ` ki Rb e vck cöfve ivl Z cv i e jb Zv AeavwiZ fv e AMÖvwaKvi cv e, Ggb bq Av iv i Z c~y welq n jv, D³ cwjwmi ev evq bi m ve Zv KZLvwb mb Kvi Y Avgiv m ve _ªv GjvKvi mvab hvm ZvI we k ly K iwq `ywu m~pk GKwÎZ K i, GB `ywu m~pk n Q ev evqb hvm Zv Ges e q mskzjvb GB `yõai Yi v ii Dci wfwë K i Avgiv GKwU g vwuª Zwi Ki Z c iwq, hv cökvk K i cö Z KUv AMÖvwaKvi Ges Zv evsjv ` ki Rb K ZvUv mvab hvm (wb æ wpî 7.3 `Lyb) 35

36 wpî 7.3. m ve Zv we k ly cöfve evsjv ` ki Rb D ` v Mi cöfve wk cwigvy? cöfv ei e vwß Ges cwigvy Avw_ K hvmvb µq 0 Gm Gg B mnvqzv Db y³ mikvi Avi GÊ ww mnvqzv I cb mvm YK cöwzdj KwgDwbwU AvB wm wu bvmwik- Kw `ªK mikvwi mev KibxwZ fv³vi wbivcëv AvB wc Avi Intermediate evsjv cökiy cöwz hvmxzv mg_ K evrvi cökvmb wk v Î AvB wm wu gš Yvj qi cökvmb B-evwY R i cöwzeükzv AvB wu B wm Q AvB wu B wm cöpvibv we lá ` Zv Kg aviv = e envikvixi gzvqb = mikv ii DËiY = AvB wu B wm ej qi Dbœqb = Dchy³ evrvi ˆZwi = bz Z Ges cökvmb cöfv ei e vwß Ges cwigvy i 3- µm&-kvwus, wewfbœ m± i wewfbœ cöwzeükzvi Dci cöfve we vi K i i 2- evsjv ` k Z_ mgv Ri c Kvb wbw` ó evavi gvkv ejv K i, hv wewfbœ m± i cöfve we vi K i A_ev GKB m± i wewfbœ evav gvkv ejv K i i 1- GKwU m± ii GKwU wbw` ó cöwzeükzvi gvkv ejv K i `ªóe : m± ii máv aiv n q QvU e emv, bvmwik, mikvi, AvB wu B wm i 0- mvgve cöfve wksev ^í msl K gvbyl K cöfvwez K i YK cöwzdj i 3- AZ vš kw³kvjx YK cöwzdj i 2- kw³kvjx YK cöwzdj i 1- wkqy YK cöwzdj i 0- ïb /mvgvb YK cöwzdj cwi k l ejv hvq h, GB wzb ai Yi Mo vi ( KŠkjMZ h_v_ Zv, cöfve Ges mvab hvm Zv) GKwÎZ K i GKwU Awfbœ mgwš^z mvi g vwuª, ˆZwi Kiv n q Q hv evsjv ` ki Rb AMÖvwaKvi c~y Î wj cöwzdwjz K i AMÖvwaKvic~Y Î wji GKwU we k ly wb P `Iqv n jv hlv b Ô m ve Zv iõ gvbwpîvqb; `qv n q Q Ô i Z Õ Gi wecix Z - hv wby q Kiv n q Q Dc i ey bvk Z KŠkjMZ h_v_ Zv Ges cöfv ei cwigvc _ K cö Z K cwjwm Qi gvb vi ei Kivi gva g 36

37 wpî evsjv ` ki Rb AMÖvwaKvicÖvß Îmg~n m vebv hvpvb > msw ß djvdj Intermediate 6 µq 1 Avš t mikvi cökvmb m vebv Avw_ K hvmvb Avi GÊ ww mnvqzv AvB wc Avi fv³vi wbivcëv I cb mvm KibxwZ 2 Gm Gg B mnvqzv Db y³ mikvi AvB wu B wm cöpvibv 3 B-evwY R i cöwzeükzv we lá ` Zv AvB wu B wm Q wbg vy evsjv cökiy KwgDwbwU AvB wm wu gš Yvj qi cökvmb cöwz hvmxzv mg_ K evrvi bvmwik- Kw `ªK mikvwi mev wk v Î AvB wm wu g~j PvwjKv msmwz weavqk Ri wi AMÖvwaKvi (D P cöfve/ D P m vebv) m ve AMÖvwaKvi (wi mvm Ges K vcvwewjwui SuywK Kgv bv M j) Zvrch

38 7. evsjv ` ki Rb cö vwez _ªv GjvKvmg~n AvBwmwU ivwg vc mdjfv e ev evq bi j, Avgiv g b Kwi, Av iv mywbw` ó Ges AMÖvwaKviwfwËK c` c MÖnY Kiv `ikvi, hv nq Zv 2002 AvBwU cwjwm cökv ki ci Kiv nq wb e vck cwim i bvbvgylx D ` vm mgvb Zv j MÖnY bv K i eis ivwg vcwu M o Zvjv DwPZ wkqy mxwgz msl K _v ª GjvKv K `ª K i A_ev Òwgkb wµwuk vj cªvmªvgó K cªvavb w` q GB As k Avgiv Avgv `i mycvwikk Z AMÖvwaKvi jv Zz j a iwq- `yõwu cöw Z _ K: - AvBwmwU ivwg v ci Aaxb cvupwu Kg avivi cö Z KwU Z h me wgkb wµwuk vj cövmövg AMÖvwaKv ii `vwe iv L; Ges - ivw g v ci cvup eqi gqv `i g a wgkb wµwuk vj cªvmövg av c av c ev evq bi Î hme welq AMÖvwaKv ii `vwe K i wgkb wµwuk vj cövmövg Dc ii wpî 7.4 hgb wpwîz K i, Avgv `i m vebv hvpvb cöwµqvi wfzi _ K cöavbz wzb kªyxi cwjwm evsjv ` ki Rb AMÖvwaKvig~jK fv e cö ve Kiv n q Q - cª_gz, Ò bz Z Ges Mf b ÝÓ Kg avivi AvqZvq AvBwmwU ivwg v ci mdj ev evqb cwipvjbvi j Avš t Mfb g U Ges cö Z K gš Yvj qi Af š i cwiez b mvab K i evsjv `k mikv ii ` Zv evov bvi cö qvr b i Z c~y KZ c i `ikvi i q Q - wøzxqz GK Q cwjwmmz c` c, h jv K Avgiv _ªv GjvKv ev Òwgkb wµwuk vjó wn m e wpwýz K i _vwk, KviY m jv Z e vck gvîvi cö qvm hvm Zv, D PgvÎvi cöfve Ges KŠkjMZ h_v_ Zv GKxf~Z Ae vq we` gvb - cwi k l, evowz wkqy cwjwmmz Kvh µg h wj Ôwgkb wµwuk vjõ gh v`v jv fi m ve welq wn m e wpwýz nq, ZeyI G Î mvg_ Zv wbwðz Ki Z Ges SuywK gvkvwejvi hvm Zv AR b Av iv Kv Ri cö qvrb Av Q Avgv `i _ªv wi cv U i cöw Z K nvìvi `i m ½ ciez x kjv-civg k i Av jv K cözxqgvb nq h, k lv³ kªyxi Aaxb ev wek wkqy e vck gvîvi cöfve m ^wjz D ` vm i q Q h jv K mvg b GwM q wb q h Z n j MÖnY hvm i mvg_ hvm Zv I ev evqb SuywK we` gvb _v K GB djvd ji Av iv e vl v-we k ly Ges kjv-civg k i djkö wz Z Avgv `i wm vš n jv AvBwmwU ivwg v ci we vwiz iƒc ilvi Aax b cvupwu AwaµgYkxj Kg aviv _vkv DwPZ, h jvi gvu 14wU wgkb wµwuk vj cªvmövg MVb Ki e, wpî 8.1 G welqwui mvims c wpwîz n q Q 38

39 wpî: 8.1 AvBwmwU ivwg vc- j, Kg aviv Ges wgkb wµwuk vj cövmövg j : AvBwmwU Kv R jvwm q mikvwi emikvwi Askx`vwi Z i wfwë Z AvMvgx `k eq ii g a ga ezx Avq DcvR bkvix ` k cwiyz niqv, ^ Q, cöwz e`bkxj I Revew`wnZvg~jK mikvi cöwzôv Kiv, mvgvwrk b vq wepvi Rvi`vi Kivi Ges LiP cvlv Yv bvmwik mev wbwðz Kiv Kg aviv wgkb wµwuk vj: cövmövg bvmwik `i gzvqb 1.1 mve Rbxb KwgDwbwUwfwËK AvBwmwU AwfMg Zv 1.2 B-evsjv 1.3 wk v Î AvBwmwU 2. mikvwi mev iƒcvš i 2.1 bvmwik Kw `ªK B-mvwf m 2.2 evsjv `k mikv ii Rb bvmwik Kw `ªK, gvwë-p v bj mvwf m cö`vb c wz M o Zvjv 2.3 B-Mf g U Gi gvb Ges cwjwmmg~n 3. AvBwmwULv Zi wekvk 3.1 Avš R vwzk ch v q AvBwmwU e emv Ges wewb qv Mi c cöpviyv 3.2 AvBwmwULv Zi Rb Avw_ K hvmvb 3.3 AvBwmwULv Zi Rb cö qvrbxq ` Zv m wó 3.4 AvBwmwU Q (Cluster) Zwi 4. evrvi K Dchy³ K i Zvjv 5. bz Z Ges mgš^q mvab 4.1 B-Kgv m i Rb AvBbMZ evav wbimb 4.2 Uwj hvmv hv Mi AbyK~ j GKwU cöwz hvwmzvg~jk wewam Z Kvh µg M o Zvjvi cöwµqv Z ivwš^z Kiv 5.1 AvBwmwU ivwg v ci Rb djcöm~ Avš tmfb g U bz Z Ges Mf b Ý cöwzôv 5.2 gš YvjqMy jvi wfzi AvBwmwU KŠkj Ges Zv ev evq bi avivi Dbœqb cöwzwu wgkb wµwuk vj cvmöv gi Rb Avgv `i mycvwikgvjv Av iv we vwiz fv e wb P Zz j aiv n q Q cö_ g, hw`i Avgiv ev evqb cöwµqvwui ey bv w` qwq, Z_vwc cö Z K cök íi Rb ivwg vc ev ev evq bi cöv qvwmk w`ki ÿwy Z n q Q 39

40 wgkb wµwuk vj cövmöv gi ch vqµwgk ev evq bi j AMÖvwaKvi wba viy wgkb wµwuk vj cövmövg wby q Kiv n j ciez x avc n jv, cö Z KwU ev evq bi Rb we vwiz mywbw` ó c` c wba viy Kiv h nzz me wkqy GKmv _ MvQv jv fv e Kiv hvq bv, ivwg v ci Kvb welq wj Zvr wyk ïi K i `Iqv cö qvrb, Kvb wj c i Kiv hv e Ges wk ai Yi avivevwnkzvq? Gme wba viy K i wb Z n e GB me mwvkfv e wba viy Kiv mvrvmvcuv e vcvi bq D`vniY ^iƒc, Ggb wkqy i Z c~y ZrciZv Ges wewb qvm _vk Z cv i h jv hšw³k fv e ivwg v ci ciez x ch v q wm q nv Z biqv `ikvi, Avevi GUv wbwðz KivI Ri wi h, wkqy Zvrch c~y wm vš ev c` c Zvr wyk fv e wb Z n e GB Kvi Y Avgiv wb P wpwîz iƒc ilvwu Zwi K iwq hv ivwg v ci AMÖMwZi c _ wewfbœ KŠkjMZ Ae vb wba viy Ki Z mvnvh Ki e wpî 8.2. evsjv ` ki AvBwmwU ivwg v ci Rb KŠkjMZ ch vqµg g Wj AMÖvwaKvi > mg qi mv _ AMÖvwaKvi e`jv bv `ikvi KŠkjMZ i Z v ivc 1 MwZ mâvi 2 ch vß AvqZb AR b 3 DËiY ^í gqv` ermi 1 gvsvwi gqv` ermi 2-3 `xn gqv` ermi -5 mgq ms c ejv hvq, Avgv `i cö ve n jv, ivwg vc wzbwu cöavb KŠkjMZ av ci ga w` q GwM q wb Z n e - avc-1 ch v q cöavb KŠkjMZ D Ïk niqv DwPZ MwZ mâv i Ab fv e ej j, KŠkjMZ AMÖvwaKvi `Iqv DwPZ: evsjv `k mikv ii wfzi Ges e nëi K nvìvi ev mswk ó mk ji gv S wek vm Ges g bvej emevb K i Zzj Z n e mnvqk ZrciZvi cöwz, h, Pjgvb B- 40

41 Mf b Ý cök íi mdjzv Kv R jvwm q AvBwmwU Dc hvmx cwiez b Avbv m e Ges mydj`vqk n e h me cök í SuywK Kg wkš Aí mg qi g a e envikvixi Rb DPuy gvîvi myweav G b w` Z cv i, m me cök í AMÖvwaKvi Av iv ci cöwz i Z v ivc, hv Z e envikvixi mg_ b AR bi cöwµqv ïi nq Ges ivwg v ci cöwz ivr bwzk mg_ b Rviv jv nq Mf b Ý KvVv gvi g a AvBwmwU ivwg vc Acwinvh fv e mshy³ K i `qv, hv Z AvMvgx Z mikvi cwiez bi ÎI avivevwnkzv A zbœ ivlvi wbðqzv weavb Kiv hvq - avc-2 ch v q KŠkjMZ j K m i Avm Z n e ch vß j AR bi cöwz, A_ vr 1g av c AMÖvwaKvi cövß cök íi Zzjbvq wkqyuv `xn gqvw` cök íi cªwz AMÖvwaKvi `Iqv, hv Z e envikvixi ch vß j AR bi cöwµqv ïi Kiv hvq - avc-3 ch v q KŠkjMZ j m i Avm Z ïi Ki Z cv i iƒcvš ii w` K; Ab K_vq, e vck cwim i mshy³ _vkvi Kj v Y Zvrch c~y iƒcvš i myweav AR b m eci nq hgb, bkkv _ K úó D V Q h, Gme KŠkjMZ Ae vb cvi úwikfv e GK PwUqv, eis Ifvi jwcs cwijw Z nq myzivs iƒcvš ii av c GL bv mikvwi ch v q Ges evsjv ` ki mgv R AvBwmwU Î AR b Ges e envi evwo q Zvjvi D Ï k A bk i Z c~y KvR evwk i q M Q Abyiƒcfv e MwZ mâv ii ch v q I ciez x `ybwu av ci Rb cwikíbv Ges cö wzg~jk i Z c~y wkqy cöv_wgk c` c biqvi cö qvrb n e Z e, G bkkv _ K `Lv hv Q wkfv e, Avgv `i g Z, cö Z KUv we ep wel q mg qi mv _ AMÖvwaKv ii cövavb _ K m i Avmv DwPZ n e Avgiv GB g Wj e envi K iwq, cö Z KUv wgkb wµwuk vj cövmövg ev evq bi avc wby q wel q Avgv `i mycvwikgvjv MVb Kivi Rb cö Z KUv wgkb wµwuk vj cövmöv g ÒwZb avc g WjÓ Kxfv e cö hvr n e, m wel q Avgv `i wpš v wb P ewy Z n jv AZtci,Aby Q` 9 G Gme DcKiY GKxf~Z Kiv n q Q evsjv ` ki Rb mvwe K AvBwmwU ivwg vc cöyq bi Rb ev evq b AMÖvwaKvi: bz Z Ges mgš^q: Kvh Ki AvBwmwU Dbœq bi j Avbyf~wgK Mf b Ý cöyvjx Avek K c vš i mg MZvbyMwZK cökvmb cöyvjx (ev RU, Revew`wnZv cöyvjx, e e vcbv KvVv gv) Kvh Z Dj ^ GKwU cöwµqv GwU Ggb GK mgm v hv AvBwmwU wfwëk cwiez b Avbq b Zrci cö Z KUv `k KB cvnv Z n Q Avgv `i M elyvq AKvh Ki Mf b Ý c wz evsjv ` k AvBwmwU Dbœq bi c _ eo GKUv evav wn m e wpwýz n q Q evsjv ` k BwZc~ e M nxz cöqvm-we klz 2002 mv ji AvBwU cwjwm-bxwz _ K UKmB cwiez b weav b m g c` c MÖnY cöwµqvi `ye jzvi Kvi Y wewnœz n q Avm Q mv cöwzk, AvBwmwU Uv dvm cybivq MV bi d j AvBwmwU ivwg vc cwipvwjz Kivi Rb cö qvrbxq EaŸ Zb Mf b Ý KvVv gv cöwzôv n q Q Z_vwc Uv dvm K Av iv Kvh Ki K i Zvvjvi Rb evowz A bk cwiez b Avbq bi cö qvrbxqzv i q Q gš Yvj qi g a AvBwmwU dvkvj c q U AvBwmwU Mf b Ý Kvh Ki K i Zvjvi Rb hvîv ïi i fv jv GKwU Aej ^b, wkš Zv `i f~wgkv Rvi`vi Kiv Avek K Ges evowz mnvqzvi cö qvrb Av Q AZGe, evsjv `k mikvi K AvBwmwU ivwg vc mdj fv e ev evqb Kivi Dchy³ K i Zvjvi Rb mevi Av iv hvm Zv e w cö qvrb, Ges ZvB Avgiv g b Kwi, AvBwmwU ivwg v ci cöv_wgk ÒMwZ mâvió ch v q GKgvÎ me vwak i Z mn AMÖvwaKvi niqv DwPZ Gme mgm v KvwU q IVvi e vcv i D ` vm MÖn Yi wkqy cöv_wgk cö ve Avgv `i ch v jvpbv cöwz e` b Zz j aiv n qwq jv, Ges Av iv we vwiz cö ve wb q Av jvpbv Kiv n q Q _ªv wi cv U m mgq _ KB Avgiv IB me cöv_wgk cö ve e vck ch v q K nvìvi ev mswk ó mk ji m ½ Av jvpbv K iwq, Ges i Z c~y cöwzwµqv jvf K iwq G cöw Z Avgiv mycvwik ivlwq h evsjv `k mikv ii DwPZ: 41

42 1) AvBwmwU Uv dvm K `vwqz bqvi Rb Aby iva Rvbv bv, hv Z Zviv AvBwmwU ivwg v ci ÒAwaKviÓ MÖnY K i-- ev evqb cöwµqvi Dci ` wó ivlv Ges wbwðz niqv h me evav wecwë Kvh Ki Dcv q mgvavb Kiv n Q 2) AvBwmwU Uv dv m i mnvqk wn m e GKRb dzjuvbg ÒmiKvwi cöavb Z_ AwdmviÓ wb qvm Kiv, whwb mivmwi Uv dvm Ges cöavb Dc `óv mgx c Revew`wn Ki eb, Ges AvBwmwU ivwg vc Pvjbvi `vwqz wb eb m e w³i evw ch v q cwiez b Pvjbv Kivi AwfÁZv _vk Z n e mikvwi Ges emikvwi, Dfq Î, Ges mvwe K mikvwi ch v q AvBwmwU welqk g~j K `ªxq bzv wn m e Kg m úv` bi gzv Zvi nv Z _vk Z n e 3) GKwU AvBwmwU ivwg vc Ò cövmövg e e vcbv AwdmÓ cöwzôv Kiv, hlvb _ K mikvwi cöavb Z_ Awdmvi K mnvqzv cö`vb Kiv n e mwu niqv `ikvi cöavb Dc `óvi Kvh vjqwfwëk Ges ez gvb B- Mf b Ý m ji m ½ m úk hy³; evrvi `i AbycvwZK cvwekªwg Ki wfwë Z cövmövg e e vcbv Ges cwiez b e e vcbvq ` Zv m úbœ ckv`vi jvkej wb qvm Kiv DwPZ Ges wb æv³ KZ e cvj bi `vwq Z _vkv DwPZ: - AvBwmwU ivwg v ci cöwzwu wgkb wµwuk vj cövmöv gi Rb GKRb wmwbqi imcwýej Awdmvi (GmAviI) wb qvm A_ vr mswk ó gš Yvj qi GKRb K i wmwbqi Kg KZ v whwb e w³mz fv e G KKUv cök íi Afxó djvdj mn ev evq bi `vwq Z wbhy³ _vk eb - cöwzwu wgkb wµwuk vj cövmöv gi GmAviIÕi m ½ wgwjz fv e KvR K i cövmöv gi Afxó j i wecix Z AMÖMwZ g~j vq bi Rb we vwiz ev evqb cwikíbv/uª v R±wi wba viy - ev evqb Uª v R±wii wecix Z AMÖMwZ hvpvb Ges mswk ó gš Yvjq MwZ nviv j KwdqZ Zje Ki e Ges mnvqzv cö`vb Ki e - wbqwgzfv e wgkb wµwuk vj cövmöv gi Kvh µg cix vi-wbix vi Rb GKwU ewnt Kg m~wp cöwzôv Kiv (Kgc cöwz gv m) - `vzv ms vmg~ ni m ½ KvR K i wbwðz Ki e h Zviv ivwg vc ey S Q Ges MÖnY Ki Q Ges Zv `i dvû cö`vb KŠkjI Gi mv _ mvgäm weavb K i cöyqb Kiv n e 4) RbMY mgx c AvbyôvwbK cöwz e`b cökv ki cöwµqv wba viy, hv Z AvBwmwU ivwg v ci AMÖMwZ hvpvb Kiv m e nq - evsjv `k mikv ii AvBwmwU ivwg vc ev evqb cwikíbv cökvk (Gov3 I KZ K ez gvb cwikíbvi cöyxz, wkš AvBwmwU Uv dvm KZ K GwU ^v ik Z Ges Zv `i ZË veav b GwU i q Q) - GB cöwµqvi Ask wn m e AvBwmwU ivwg v ci cö Z K Kg avivi `vwq Z wbhy³ cöavb Kg KZ v `i B- gbj wvkvbvmn bvg cökvk - mikvwi cöavb Z_ Awdmvi KZ K ev evqb cöwµqvi AMÖMwZ m ú K ÎgvwmK I qe wbf i cöwz e`b cökvk 5) AvBwmwU cwjwmi m ½ mswk ó g~j msmvb mg~ ni f~wgkv úó Kiv, hv Z wewfbœ g~j ms v mg~ ni ev e Kg KvÊ Ges AvbyôvwbK Kvh vejx Dfq Î Ifvi jwcs Ges wek Ljv wbqš Y Kiv hvq mvaviy fv e, AvBwmwU ivwg v ci g Zv Kvb mikvwi Kvh cöyvjx ev evq bi Rb cö qvrbxq mgš^q weav bi j wewfbœ ai Yi K `ªxq bz Z i cö qvrb nq wb P (wpî: 8.3) wzb ai Yi K `ªxq f~wgkv Zz j aiv n q Q, hv A bk mikvib cöwzôv Kiv Ri wi e j g b K i Q Ges ms c hv ª v UwR Ibviwkc, K vcvwewjwu wewìs Ges Wwjfvwi mv cvu wn m e AwewnZ n q Q hw`i cö Z KwUi Rb wfbœ msmvb M o Zvjv Awbevh bq Z_vwc GwU Ab ^xkvh h, G wj e wzµgx f~wgkv, hvi Rb wfbœ ` Zv, e wzµgx mvsmvwbk PP v Ges mikvwi gš Yvjq Ges ms vmg~ ni m ½ wfbœ ai Yi m ú K i Avewk KZv _v K evsjv ` ki cökvmwbk web v mi g a we` gvb GKwU mgm v n jv A bk msmvb ( hgb B-Mf b Ý mj, GmAvBwmwU, wewmwm) wzbwu f~wgkvi cö Z KwU nv Z wb Z Pvq 42

43 wpî 8.3 AvBwmwU cwjwmmg~ ni K `ªxq mgš^q- wewfbœ f~wgkvi cö qvrb bz Z `k b P v jä KŠkjMZ `vwqz c` c cö cb: QK& ˆZwi Ges bri`vix m KŠkj cövmövg e e vcbv: SuywK mvgjv bv Ges cöm½ Zz j aiv eª vwûs I hvmv hv Mi ZvwqZ MÖnb myd ji cöwz ` wócvz hvm Zv e w cöwµqv I ` Zv msµvš wefvm mgy n mnvqzv cözvb: e emvi Av`j wb_ vib Ges g~j vqb µq cövmövg I cökí e e vcbv cöwµqvi c~ywe b vm DËg cöyvjx cöpvi gvb`ê AvB wu Dbœqb mvc vbqvi cwipvjbv evwn K cökí ch v jvpbv (mvnvh Ges mnvqzv cözv bi D Ë k, wnmve wbkvk bq ev evqb cöyvjx mw wjz AeKvVv gv mw wjz e envi gš Yvjq mg~ n Af vš ixb AvB wu I buiqvk hvmvb`vzv K `ªxq fv e µqk Z wksev wbwg Z- Z e wefvm mg~ n mev `v bi Rb cö`ë mvc vbqvi/ MÖvn Ki m ½ m úk Avek K; Pzw³i gva g wksev mev wfwëk m ú K i Av j L fwel Zi Rb, Avgiv g b Kwi, Av iv A bk úó cv_ K wba viy Kiv cö qvrb wb æv³ welq jvi g a : - mvwe K KŠkj, Z_v AvBwmwU ivwg v ci mgš^q Ges bri`vix (hv cvjb Ki e AvBwm wu ivwg vc, wcggi, hv ez gvb B-Mf b Ý m ji m ½ mshy³ n e Ges AvBwmwU Uv dv m i cöavb Z_ Awdmv ii Kv Q `vqe _vk e) - gš Yvjq jvi Rb ev evqb mnvqzv Ges ` Zv ˆZwi (hv wewmwm Øviv wbe vwnz niqv DwPZ, A bkuv fvi Zi b vkbvj Bbw wudu di vu Mfv b Ýi Av` j GmAvBwmwUÕi Kv Q n Z cökí Ges `vwqz Zz j wb q) 6) gš Yvj qi wfz i AvBwmwU cökvm bi DrKl weavb - AvBwmwU dvkvj c q Ui f~wgkv, úwmwd Kkb Ges myweavw` wbw` ó iƒ c msávwqz KiY, hvi Aš f y³ _vk e, Zv `i gš Yvj qi g a AvBwmwU e qi Dci ev RU Kivi gzv cö`vb, hv Z K i wbwðz niqv hvq h GB f~wgkv gš Yvj qi wfz i D P c` Ges gzv m úbœ `i Øviv `Lfvj n Q - dvkvj c q U Ges mikvwi wmavbiõi g a Nwbô ms hvm vcb hv Z wi cvwu s ms hvm we` gvb _v K - cö Z K gš Yvj q AvBwmwU dvkvj c q U Gi Kv Q wi cvu Ki Z `vqe QvU GKwU AvBwmwU mj MVb Zv `i `vwq Z _vk e gš Yvj qi cwikíbv cöyqb, gwbuwis I g~j vqb c wz Ges gš Yvj qi Af š i hvm Zv e w i j AvBwmwU cöwk Yi Av qvrb 7) mikvwi ch v q Af š ixy AvBwmwU ` Zvi NvUwZ c~i Yi j : Pjgvb A_ -wewa Ges cöyvjx cybtch v jvpbv hv Z AvBwmwU m ji c evrvi` i jvk wb qvm Kiv Av iv mnr K i Zvjv hvq 43

44 Kw úduvi ^v izv (AvBwmwU e env ii gšwjk ` Zv) mikvwi PvKwii Rb mkj cix vq eva Zvg~jK Kiv GB mkj cö ve AvBwmwU K nvìviiv e vck fv e mg_ b K i Q Z e, AvBwmwU ivwg vc welqk RvZxq mwgbv i AskMÖnYKvix A b KB ev evqb cöyvjx cöm ½ ÔbZzb K i PvKv Avwe vi Ki Z bv hviqvõ wel q Rvi w` q Q Ges bzzb AvgjvZvwš K msmvb m wói m vebv Gov bvi cöwz i Z v ivc K i Q A b Ki g Z Lmov ivwg v c Avgv `i cö vemg~ n, we klz bzzb mikvwi cöavb Z_ Awdmvi msµvš e vcv i D j wlz Dfq NUbv NUvi SzuwK i q Q e j mveavb Kiv n q Q Avgv `i K, bzzb msmvb Avwe vi Kivi P q eis we` gvb mvsmvwbk web vm Kv R jvmv bvi K_v ejv n qwq jv, hgb evsjv `k Kw úduvi KvDwÝj Ges cöavb Dc `óvi Kvh vjqš B-Mf b Ý m ji f~wgkv wba viy Ab vb iv Aek G K_vI D j L G b Q h, Pjgvb cökvmwbk web vm 2002 AvBwU cwjwm ev evq bi Î D j L hvm cwiez b mvab Ki Z Amg_ n qwq jv, myzivs we` gvb web v m cwiez b Avbv Ri wi Avgiv G Dfq ` wófw½i m ½ HK gz cvly Kwi Ges g b Kwi Lmov ivwg v c Ò bz Z Ges Mf b ÝÓ Kg aviv m úwk Z Avgv `i mycvwikgvjvq GB `ywu w`kb cy ivcywi Lvjvmv Kiv n q Q we kl K i Avgv `i mycvwik jv nj: - AvgjvZvwš K bq-- h nzz, m jv Z AvBwmwU mswk ó mikvwi msmv bi msl v cök Zc wzb _ K `yb q bvwg q Avbv n q Q, GmGBwmwU, wewmwm Ges B-cÖkvmb m ji f~wgkvi mswgkª Y GgbwU Kiv n q Q - Dbœqb mva bi j we` gvb KvVv gvb Kv R jvmv bv--cö Z K gš Yvjq ivwg v ci gšwjk DcKiY jv ev evqb wel q Revew`wni Î gš xe M i gva g cö_vmz mkj Revew`wnZv KvVv gv Abymv i gš xcwil` eivei `vqe _vk e weávb Ges AvBwmwU welqk gš Yvjq GKwU we kl Zvrch gq f~wgkv cvjb Ki e - ivwg v ci Rb GKwU Avš tmf b Ý cökí e e vcbv c wz cöez b K i we` gvb cökvmwbk KvVv gv Rvi`vi Kiv : Avš tmf b Ý cwiez b m~wpi Kvh Ki ev evq bi D Ï k Avgiv cöavb Dc `óvi Kvh vjqwfwëk mikvwi cöavb Z_ Awdmv ii bzzb c `i cö ve KiwQ Zv Kivi Rb bzzb msmvb m wói cö qvrb n e bv Avgv `i civgk n jv, j cybtweb vm K i B-Mf b Ý mj wmavbiõi mv cvu wug wn m e KvR Ki e- eis we` gvb Mf b Ý cöyvjx i Z c~y duvk jv c~iy Ki e wb P (wpî 8.4) `Lv bv n q Q, Kxfv e Avš t Mf b Ý cövmövg e e vcbvi GB bzzb f~wgkv cvkvcvwk Kvh Ki _ K gš Yvjq KZ K gš x cwil` eivei Revew`wnZvi cö_vmz aviv cwic~ik n e GKxf~Z avivq ivwg vc ev evq bi cq b wek e vsk, BDGb Ges Ab vb Dbœqb ms vi dvû mhyr c~y K i Avbvi i Z i cöwzi Rvi `Iqv n q Q 44

45 wpî 8.4 cö vwez Mf b Ý KvVv gv AvB wm wu ivwg vc > cökvmwbk KvVv gv Avš t mikvi bxwz Avš t mikvi cövmövg e e vcbv gš x cwil` cöavb D `óvi Kvh vjq cöavb D `óv/ cöavbgš x wm AvB I AvB wm wu cövmövg e e vcbv Awdm cvewjk mvwf m (G 21 cökí mnkv i) gzvcövß bvmwik AvB wm wu Uv dvm AvB wm wu wbe nx KwgwU AvB wm wu ejq Dchy³ evrvi bz Z I cökvmb gš Yvjq wfwëk bxwz Ges D ` vm gš Yvjq 1 gš Yvjq/ mpxe AvB wm wu dvkvj c q U gš Yvjq 2 gš Yvjq/ mpxe AvB wm wu dvkvj c q U gš Yvjq 3 gš Yvjq/ mpxe AvB wm wu dvkvj c q U gš Yvjq 4 gš Yvjq/ mpxe AvB wm wu dvkvj c q U AvB wm wu m Uvi Ad& G jý AvB wm wu m Uvi Ad& G jý AvB wm wu m Uvi Ad& G jý I AvB wm wu m Uvi Ad& G jý gš Yvjq mg~ ni cöwz mnvqzv we wm wm GKwU wekí e e v hv evsjv `k mikvi MÖnY Kivi B Qv ivl Z cv i, ZvÕn jv wmavbiõi f~wgkv weávb Ges AvBwmwU welqk gš Yvj qi Aš fy ³ Kiv Zv Z K i GB Î weávb Ges AvBwmwU welqk gš Yvj qi i Z c~y f~wgkv Av iv Rviv jv n e Z_vwc, AvBwmwU Ges e nëi cvewjk m± i ms vi mva bi D ` v Mi g a AZ š Zvrch c~y ms hv Mi Av jv K Avgiv g b Kwi, wmavbiõi Kvh µg cöavb Dc `óvi Kvh vjq n Z wbe vwnz n j me vwak Kvh Ki n e hgbuv Avgiv mycvwik K iwq ev evqb msµvš AMÖvwaKvi: bvmwikm Yi gzvqb Dc i (Aby Q` 5) hgb ey bv Kiv n q Q, GB Î evsjv ` k AvBwmwUÕi m ½ bvmwik `i mshyw³i c _ wzbwu cöavb cöwzeükzv mgvš iv j gvkv ejv Kivi KŠkj MÖnY Kiv `ikvi Z_v AvBwmwU AwfMg Zvi Afve, e envi Kivi ` Zv Gs AvZ wek v mi Afve Ges cöiyvi Afve- A_ vr e w³i Rxeb Ges e emv Î AvBwmwUÕi cöz myweavw` m ú K aviyvi Afve GB wzbwu wel q evrvi h _ó AMÖMwZ mâvi Ki Z cv i- evwywr K mieivnkvix `i cöwz hvwmzvi wfwë Z µq gzvi g a AvBwmwU mieivn Ges AvBwmwUÕi gva g jf Pvwn`vc~Y mev cö`v bi ga w` q msmz Kvi YB Ò Uwj hvmv hv Mi Rb cöwz hvwmzv mg_ K wewa e e v cöez bi cöwµqv Z ivwš^z KiYÓ wgkb wµwuk vj cövmövg Avgv `i AMÖvwaKvi wby q msµvš Abykxj bi wfzi w` q G ZvUv e vck AMÖvwaKvic~Y Î wn m e D V Av m hv nvk, ïay gvî evrvi ZrciZv w` q h Zv cöwz hvwmzvg~jk evrvi KvVv gvb nvk bv Kb, AvBwmwUÕi m ½ bvmwik m ú ³Zvi mg Aš ivq KvwU q IVv m e n e bv wzbwu Î we klfv e wgkb wµwuk vj 45

46 wn m e wpwýz n q Q mve Rbxb KwgDwbwUwfwËK AvBwmwU AwfMg Zv Ges Zv e envi Kivi ` Zv; B- evsjv DcKiY ˆZwi Ges wk v Î AvBwmwU mycvwikk Z D ` vm Ges Mš e cwiwkó 1-G Zz j aiv n q Q; wb P Avgiv wee Z K iwq, Kxfv e m jv Avgv `i cö vwez KŠkjMZ D ` v Mi wfzi w` q cöevwnz n q wbweofv e B Uvi b U e envikvixi ZrciZvi wfwë Z cö_ g MwZ mâvi, Zvici ch vß j AR b Ges AZtci `xn gqv`x iƒcvš ii cöqvm m eci n q D V - mve Rbxb KwgDwbwUwfwËK AvBwmwU AwfMg Zv GwU Ggb GK Î, hlv b BwZg a evsjv `k Uwj m Uvi buiqv K i QÎQvqvq D j L hvm AMÖMwZ mvwaz n q Q we` gvb Uwj m Uvimg~n mgv R ev e myweav ˆZwi K i w` Q Ges evsjv ` k D vebvi cök Z Drm ^iƒc f~wgkv i L Q GKRb ga ZvKvix wbðqzv G b w` q Q h cö Z Ki wk vmz hvm Zv ev gy Li fvlv hvb nvk bv Kb, AvBwmwU e env ii mydj jvf Ki Z cvi e; Ges Ab vb D ` vm, hgb gvevbj jww Ges Iq vi jm AeKvVv gv gvby li Kv Q AvBwmwU K Av iv cuš Q w` Z mvnvh Ki Q hv nvk, Avgiv mikvi Ges `vzv ms vi c _ K Av iv GKxf~Z avivq wewugb-gi D ` v Mi c ô cvl Yi gva g `ª Z dj MÖn Yi ch vß my hvm j Kwi ez gvb D ` vmmg~n eûjvs k GbwRI Ges mikv ii mgš^ q PvwjZ nq Ges mnvqzv _vk j Av iv mvwe K i cšu Q `Iqvi wbðqzv Avbv m e Avgiv h we kl D ` vm jvi Rb mycvwik KiwQ (we vwiz Rvbvi Rb cwiwkó 1 `Lyb) Zvi Aš fy ³ i q Q: - h mg eûwea D ` vm BwZg a Kvh Ki i q Q, m jvi g a mgwš^z hvmv hvm - KwgDwbwU ch v q cuš Q `Iqvi Rb GbwRI Ges e w³lv Zi D ` v Mi m ½ mikvi RwoZ n q cwiwgz Ges UKmB evwywr K g Wj Dc vcb K i: mywbw` ó Avw_ K mnvqzv mikv ii wkqz gšwjk B- mev wba viy Kiv, h jv KwgDwbwU m Uv ii gva g cuš Q `Iqv m e Ges bvmwik `i Kv Q mev jv cšu Q `Iqv eve` m Uvi jv Z ivr ^i GKUv aviv hvmvb `Iqvi c wz D veb, Ges KvMR wbf izv _ K B j±wbk gva g mev cö`vb c wz MÖn Yi d j mikv ii hv LiP euvp e m A_ _ K `xn gqv`wfwëk Avw_ K mnvqzv cö`vb) ÒB-evsjv DcKiYÓ cökí (wb P hvi iƒc ilv Zz j aiv n q Q) mswk ó Kvh µg Ges Avw_ K eivï KwgDwbwU m Uvi jvi m ½ GKxf~Z Kiv - B-evsjv mvaviy gvbyl K AvBwmwU e env ii cöwz e vck nv i DØy Kivi g Zv evsjv fvlvq ch vß DcKiY ez gv b bb evowz evsjv DcKi Yi Rb Pvwn`v AvBwmwU MÖn Yi Î GB wbw` ó cöwzeükzvi mgvavb Avm e, Ges we` gvb e envikvix `i AwfÁZvi gvb I DbœxZ n e evowz DcKiY evsjv ` k vbxqfv e nv Kiv m e n j Avš R vwzk e vûdbw-gi Rb Pvwn`v Kwg q Avbvi myweavi cviqv hv e, DcKiY Ges mev vbxq mvf v i vbvš ii Kj v Y myzivs Avgv `i mycvwik n jv, ÔMwZ mâviõ ch v q cöv_wgk AMÖvwaKvi niqv DwPZ, we` gvb eûgylx D ` vm mw wjz fv e GKwU mgwš^z c wzi Aax b Avbv, h c` ci AvIZvq co e; 46

47 - evsjv fvlvq bzzb vbxq DcKiY Zwii aviv jvjb Kiv - we` gvb DcKiY wwwruvbr Kiv ( hgb, MÖš vmvimg~n, b vkbvj AvK vbfm, mikvwi DcKiY BZ vw`) - evsjv fvlvq cövmw½k DcKi Yi Abyev` - evsjv DcKiY `ª Z ˆZwi Ges cömv ii j cöhyw³mz gvb DbœZ Kiv - wk v Î AvBwmwU wk v Î AvBwmwU mevi Rb bzzb cöhyw³i myweav MÖnYv _ cö qvrbxq gšwjk AvBwmwU ` Zv wbwðz Kivi GKwU Dcvq AvswkKfv e zj jv Z AvBwmwU myweav Ges AeKvVv gv cuš Q `Iqvi welq G Î cövavb cv e, Z e Av iv `xn gqvw`wfwë Z GwU AvBwmwU e envi K i cöv_wgk wk vq DrKl AvbviI welq hv nvk, Avgiv mycvwik KiwQ h GB Î cwikíbv niqv DwPZ e envwik Ges ev evg~lx hlv b ek wkqz bz vbxq B-Mfb g U ez gv b we epbv Ki Q wk v cöyvjx mkj Avw½KMZ m~ Î cvv µ gi mkj w`k wkfv e AvBwmwUÕi m ½ GKxf~Z Kiv hvq Avš tcöwzôvb ch v q wk vi djvdj DbœZ Kivi nvwzqvi wn m e Avgiv g b Kwi bv, evsjv ` k cuvp eqi gqv `i g a Zgb wkqz Kiv m e n e AZGe Avgv `i j n jv AvBwmwU M nxz zj Ges wk Ki ch vß AvK wz AR b Kiv- GUv wbwðz Kivi gva g h, ivwg v ci cuvp eqi gqv` k l mg gva wgk z ji wkïiv hb cöv_wgk ii AvBwmwU e env ii ` Zv wb q zj Z vm K i Z_vwc, mb KvR hb Ggb fv e cwipvwjz nq hv Z wk v cöyvjxi `xn gqv`x iƒcvš ii wfz ˆZwi nq, mb welq wbwðz Kivi D Ï k Avgv `i mycvwik n jv, ivwg v ci cöv_wgk ch v q evsjv `k mikv ii KZ e n e, wk v Î AvBwmwU wel q h _ó `xn gqv `iwfwë Z, Ggb wk ivwg v ci cuvp eqi gqv `i g a hv wkqz Kiv m e n e Zvi P qi mvg bi w` K PvL i L AvBwmwU wk vq mikvwi wfkb cökvk Kiv ev evq bi AMÖvwaKvi : mikvwi mevi iƒcvš i evsjv ` ki Rb AvBwmwU ivwg vc cöyq bi ez gvb cök íi mgvš iv j S1-ICT cökí, evsjv ` ki Rb RvZxq B-Mf b Ý cöyvjx cöyq b Zrci _ K Q m cökí Øviv cö ZK Z _ªv wi cvu g~j vq bi wfwë Z Avgiv wek vm Kwi, evsjv ` k B-Mf b Ý c wz Kgb fv e MÖnY Kiv `ikvi, m wel q we vwiz fwel r wfkb wbiƒc Yi mwvk c _ mwu AMÖmi n q Q Z_vwc, GB ev evq bi cš v wel q mlv b úózvi wkqy NvUwZ i q Q evsjv ` k B-Mf b Ý Gi m y L weivrgvb cöwzk~jzv m ú K Avgv `i wbr ^ g~j vqb, Ges Ab vb ` ki AwfÁZvi Av jv K, cö vwez c wzi wzbwu Îi cö Z KwU Z ch vqµwgk AMÖvwaKvi wel q Avgv `i mycvwik jv wbæiƒc: - B j±ªwbk mevmg~n S1-ICT _ªv cöwz e` b evsjv `k mikv ii Rb AMªvwaKviwfwËK 35wU B- mev cö ve Kiv n q Q cö Z KwU mevi Î AMªvwaKvi wba viy m ú K Avgv `i mycvwjk n jv, GB mev jvi Î, cöv_wgk ch v q GÛ-Uz-GÛ B-Kgvm jb `b Dc hvwmzvi cq b `ª Z wewb qvm Ki Z hviqv gš Yvjq jvi c mwvk n e bv eis Zv `i DwPZ, ^í-syuwk m úbœ& mvaviy cöhyw³mz Dbœq bi cöwz AMÖvwaKvi Av ivc Kiv, hv Z K i m yl-fv M mev MÖnY mnr n q I V, Ges m aviv evwo q Zvjv hvq GB Î, ez gvb B- 47

48 Mf b Ý m ji e e vaxb AvBwmwU dvkvj c q U fy³ Õ`ª Z dj jv fiõ Abykxjb Kv R jvwm q AMÖmi niqv djcöm~ n e - mev cö`vbkvix P v bjmg~n AMÖvwaKviwfwËK B j±ªwbk mevmg~n wba vi Yi ci m jv Ggb avivq cuš Q `Iqvi e e v wb Z n e, hv n e; K) gvwë-p v bj--ïay gvî wcwm wbf i B Uvi bu gva gi Dci wbf i bv K i, evsjv ` k B- mev cö`v bi P v bj wn m e gvevbj P v bj Ges vbxq mvwf m m Uvi mg~ ni Zvrch ^xkvi L) bvmwik Kw `ªK--G K_v g~j vqb Kiv h bvmwikiv mvgwmök mev Avkv K i, Ges Avš t Mf g U P v b j GKxf~Z avivq hvezxq mev mieivn Ki j hgb myweavrbk n e, Zgwb, D j L hvm fv e LiP Ges SuzwK K g Avm e cö Z K gš Yvj q wbr ^ wewbgqwfwëk B- mev cö`v bi mvg_ Abymv i Avjv`v I qemvbu BZ vw` cö Z Kivi wb ` k bv w` q, Avš t Mf g UwfwËK P v bj M o Zvjv n j, hgb mwu mvkªqx n e, Zgwb Zv bvmwik `i Rb n e AwaK myweavrbk bz vbxq A bk B-miKvi, hgb BD K Ges A ªwjqv, m cöwz, eû eqi a i Zviv wfbœ wfbœ gš YvjqwfwËK h mg B-P v bj AeKvVv gv M o Zz jwq jv, m jv LwÊZ K i n ji ZvÍ e` j mvgwmök mikvwi ÕAwfbœ mev K `ªÕ vcb Ki Q GB AwfÁZv _ K wk v MÖnY K i ez gv b evsjv ` ki c mivmwi Awfbœ mev K `ªi g Wj AbymiY Kivi my hvm i q Q Avš R vwzk AwfÁZv BswMZ enb K i h, mvd j i PvweKvwV ïaygvî P v bjmg~ ni GKxfe bi g a wbwnz bq ( hgb mg mikvwi cvu vj GKxfe bi gva g), eis, QvU AvKv i Õd«vÂvBR- MvôxÕwfwËK GKxf~Z evwywr K KvVv gv M o Zvjvi wfz ii, hviv, wbw` ó MÖvnK mgwói Rb Mo DcKiY Ges mev mg~ ni cöwz bri ` e ( hgb, K lk, eq wczv -gvzv, Mvwo-PvjK, BZ vw`) h mg mikvi ev ivóª ez gv b G ai Yi d«vâvbr wbf i evwywr K g Wj MÖnY Ki Q, Zv `i g a i q Q BD K, A ªwjqv, nsks, Aveyavwe Ges µ qwkqv - B-miKv ii cwjwmmg~n Ges Zvi gvb S1-ICT ivwg v c B-Mfb g U msµvš we i gvb`ê Ges cwjwmgvjv web n q Q, hv cwjwmmz fv e, evsjv `k mikv ii cwikwíz B-Mf g Ui Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzvi A½ ^iƒc h _ó Kv R w` e Kvh Z Avm j, G ai Yi GKwU c~y v½ bxwzgvjv Ges gvb` Êi mgwó ipbv Kiv my`xn Gs mgqmv c KvR, hv bz vbxq A bk B-miKvi GL bv mgvß Ki Z cv i wb myzivs, Avgiv mycvwik ivlwq h, ÕMwZ mâviõ ch v q evsjv `k mikv ii DwPZ n e, S1-ICT cök í wpwýz BwRAvBGd (B-cÖkvmb Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzvi iƒc ilv)õi wzbwu wbw` ó w` K ` wó wbe Kiv, hv, Avgv `i wek vm, mdjzv jv fi Rb AZ š i Z c~y : - Db y³ Avš R vwzk gvb` Ûi Av jv K Ges AvBwmwU BÛvw ªi m ½ civgk µ g Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzvi gšwjk e envwik gvb`ê cöwzôv Kiv - cwiwpwz e e vcbvi Avš t cökvmwbk cöyvjx cöez b, hv Z wbwðz Kiv hvq h, gšwjk Z_ mgwó, hgb cwipq Ges wvkvbv, evsjv `k mikv ii mvwe K ch v q e envwik wi mvm wn m e cwipvjbv Kiv hv Q Ab _vq mikvi B- mevq wewb qvm K i eo ai Yi wep ywz j Ki e Ges bvmwik `i Pvwn`v Abymv i mev cš Q `Iqvi Î wekvj ik gi NvUwZi gy L covi Avkv i qb hv e 48

49 - mvwf m P v b ji Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzv (we klz, Iqvb c k ci mvwf m cö`v bi Î hv Dc i ewy Z n q Q ) ev evq bi AMÖvwaKvi: AvBwmwU Lv Zi wekvk G Î, Avgv `i civgk n jv, MwZ mâvi ch v q ißvwb, AvDU mvwm s Ges mivmwi we `kx wewb qv Mi Î ^í-e q D P-` Zv m úbœ Askx`vi wn m e evsjv ` ki ez gvb m gzv wba viy, Avš R vwzk ch v q Av iv mv Pvi fv e evrvirvzki Yi cöwz AMÖvwaKvi Av ivc Kiv AZtci, ivwg vc a i Av iv AMÖmi n j AMÖvwaKv ii AvIZvq Avb Z n e, DbœZZi wkí/wk v cöwzôv bi Askx`vwiZ (hv Z, wek we` vjq cwigêj _ K wk íi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx Av iv m½wzc~y ` jvkej mieivn Kiv m e nq) Ges evsjv ` ki mg As k nvb- UK cvk wn i D P Drcv`bkxj AvBwmwU Q M o Zvjv (ez gv b Kvwjqv K i wbgvy vaxb nvb- UK cv K i gva g mikvi KZ K M nxz D ` v Mi m cömviy NwU q) GB Î jvi cª Z KwU Z gšwjk KZ e Ges Mš e cwiwkó 1 -G ey bv Kiv n q Q ev evq bi AMÖvwaKvi Dchy³ evrvi M o Zvjv iwg v ci mvd j i Rb AvBwmwU wekv ki c mnvqk AvBbMZ wewa e e v wbwðz Kiv Ri wi Gwel q AMÖMwZi Rb cö qvrbxq c` c mg~nmöny Kiv mnr Ges Zvi d j `ª Z djjvf m eci n Z cv i, hgb, B-evwY R i Î evav ^iƒc AvBbmg~n Acmvi Yi Rb cö qvrbxq c` c MÖnY Ges AvBwmwU Lv Zi c AbyK~j ïé-e e v Ae vnz ivlv cök Z e envikvixi ch vß AvK wz AR b Ges `xn gqv`x iƒcvš i g~j e nr c` c n e, wbwðz Kiv h, Uwj hvmv hv Mi evrvi m ú~y Db y³ Kiv n h Q Ges bzzb D ` v³v `i Rb mpj gvîvi GKwU Î ˆZwi Kiv n q Q, hlv b Zviv wewuwmgj -Gi m ½ cªwz hvwmzv Ki e, Ges GKwU Aby gq w wzkxj wewagvjv Kvh Ki i q Q, hvi AvIZvi g a Zviv wm vš MÖnY Ki Z cv i Z_ mgv Ri wekv ki j Uwj hvmv hvm msµvš GKwU cöwz hvwmzv mg_ K kw³kvjx AvBb KvVv gv cöez bb m ez evsjv ` ki Rb Ab Zg i Z c~y KZ e A bk Rviv jv Z_ -cögvy i q Q (IBwmwW, wek e vsk Ges AvBwUBD -Gi g Zv msmv bi myev `) h jv _ K `Lv hvq, emikvwikiy, D`vibxwZ MÖnY Ges djcö` cöwz hvwmzvi c mnvqk wewae e vi d j e q K g Av m, wm vš MÖnY D vebvi m vebv e o hvq, Ges djkö wz Z evrvi D j L hvm nv i wekvk jvf K i mikvwilv Zi GK PwUqv Avwac Z i Zzjbvq e w³-gvwjkvbvaxb cöwz hvwmzvg~jk UwjKwgDwb Kkb evrvi wrwwwc e w Z, mikv ii ivr ^ Av q Ges Kg ms v bi gvîv e w Z AwaK Ae`vb ivl Z m g evsjv `k BwZg a, cöwz hvwmzv mg_ K evrvi KvVv gv M o Zvjvi c _ D j L hvm c` c MÖnY K i Q, we klz, 31 Rvbyqvix 2002 ^Zš wewa cö YZv wn m e wewuaviwm cöwzôvi ga w` q Ges 2008 mv j wewuwmgj K c v i U iƒcvš ii d j Z_vwc, Avgv `i wek vm, GwU Ggb GK Î hlv b evsjv ` ki Rb Av iv `ª Z e M Av iv cöej fv e AMÖMvwgZv AR b Kivi my hvm i q Q wewuaviwm ez gv b wb R `i KŠkjvw` Ges Kg -cwikíbv cöyqb Ki Q, Ges Avgv `i mycvwik n jv, mb cwikíbv evsjv ` ki Rb AvBwmwU ivwg vc/ Kg cwikíbvi m ½ GKxf~Z Kiv cö qvrb cwiwkó 1 -G `ywu wgkb wµwuk vj Î gšwjk KZ e Ges Mš e Zz j aiv n q Q: 49

50 - B-Kg v mi Î AvBbMZ evavi wbimb - Uwj hvmv hvm Î cöwz hvwmzv mg_ K wewae e v cöez bi cöwµqv Z ivvwš^zkiy 50

51 8. evsjv ` ki Rb RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg vc ivwg v ci ch v jvpbv GK br i AvBwmwU ivwg c wb æ (wpî 9.1) Zz j aiv n qq G Z `Lv bv n q Q : - ivwg v ci Aš f y³ cuvpwu Kg aviv - cuvpwu Kg avivi wfzi w` q cö vwez 14wU wgkb wµwuk vj cövmövg - mgqmxgv, cöavb Mš e Ges 8g Aby Q ` cö vwez wzbwu KŠkjMZ av ci wfzi w` q AMÖmi niqvi mgq wgkb wµwuk vi cövmöv gi g~j wbf i-mv c Zv; MwZ mâvi ch vß AvK wz AR b iƒcvš i wpî 9.1 AvBwmwU ivwg vc: mgqm~wp Ges Mš e 1. bvmwikm Yi gzvqb 1.1 mve Rbxb jäzv 1.2 B-evsjv 1.3 wk Î AvB wm wu 2. mikvwi mev iƒcvš i 2.1 B- mev 2.2 Awfbœ mev K `ª 2.3 gvb`ê 3. AvB wm wu ej qi wekvk 3.1 Avš R vwzk cöpviyv 3.2 Avw_ K hvmvb gvwë K nvìvi cvu bviwkc D Øvab B-evsjv cvu bviwkc D Øvab evsjv ` ki Rb RvZxq AvB wm wu ivwg vc hvmv hvm msµvš cöpvibv D Øvab B-evsjv welqk RvZxq KŠkjbxwZ cökvk 10,000 Uwj m Uvi cöwzôv GB ch v q mg mikvwi I qe cökiy evsjvq cviqv hvq `k b welqk `wjj cökvk AvÂwjK cvbju D Øvab mkj gva wgk Ges D P gva wgk z j B Uvi bu ms hvm i q Q g~j LvZ mg~ ni `k b wfwëk `wjj cökvk gvwë K nvìvi cvu bviwkc D Øvab AvB wm wu Avw_ K Uv dvm cöwz eb cökvk wkí/ wk v cöwzôvb ` Zv Askx`vwiZ D Øvab mkj gš Yvjq Ò`ª Z dj jvfó B- mev D Øvab K i Q B-evsjv RvZxq KŠkjbxwZ cökvk B-cÖkvmb Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzvi iƒc ilv v-1.0 cökvwkz mkj mikvwi I qe cökiy GLb evsjvq cviqv hvq B-cÖkvmb Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzvi iƒc syilv v-2.0 cökvwkz evsjv ` ki bzzb eª vwûs Ges Avš R vwzk AvB wm wu wewb qv Mi c cöpviyv ïi DËg e vswks cöyvjx cökvwkz B B Gd ch v jvpbv cwimgvßed AvB wm wu U v nwj Wi gqv` e w ed mkj wek we` vjq eªwe vû M elyv I wk v Kvh µg buiqv K i A½ mkj D P gva wgk z j AvB wm wu j ve Av Q B-cÖkvmb Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzvi iƒc syilv v-3.0 cökvwkz 40,000 Uwj m Uvi cöwzôv zj DËxY cö Z Ki gšwjk AvB wm wu ` Zv i q Q mkj gva wgk z j AvB wm wu j ve Av Q AvB wm wu wk vµ gi eva Zvg~jK A½ B-cÖkvmb Avš t cöwz e`bkxjzvi iƒc syilv v-4.0 cökvwkz 3.3 ` Zv 3.4 IAvB wm wu Q 4. Dchy³ evrvi ˆZwi 4.1 AvBbMZ evav wbimb cvbju nvb- UK cvk D Øvab Aby gvw`z KZ c cöwzôv nvb- UK cvk Dbœqb K c v ikb cöwzôv wm G KZ K cö_g wwwruvj mb` Rvwi 4 wu ch vq-1 nvb- UK cvk D Øvabed evsjv ` ki gvbyl B Uvi bu Ges gvevbj dvb hv M µwwu Kv Wi gva g jb `b Ki Z cvi Q 3 wu ch vq-2 nvb- UK cvk D Øvabed 4.2 cwz hvmxzvgyjk UwjKg 5. bz Z Ges mgš^q cöavb wwwruvj Dc `óv wb qvm we wu Avi wm 5 evwl K cwikíbv MÖn bi ci Mš e w i Kiv n e cöavb wwwruvj Dc `óv KZ K AvB wm wu ivwg v ci AMÖMwZ wel q ˆÎgvwmK cöwz e`b cökvk 5.1 Avš t cökvmwbk AvB wm wu dvkvj c q U cö Z K gš Yvj q AvB wm wu bzzb mikvwi PvKwii Rb mg~ n evowz gzv Ac b m Uvi Ad& G jý ` gvb Kw úduvi ^v izv eva Zvg~jK 5.2 gš Yvj qi wfzi 1 mc 08 1 Rvby Rvby Rvby Rvby Rvby 2013 ch vq 1 t MwZ mâvi ch vq 2 t ch vß AvqZb AR b ch vq 3 t DËiY 51

52 ivwg v ci we vwiz GB cöwz e` bi cwiwkó 1 -G 14wU wgkb wµwuk vj cövmöv gi Av iv we vwiz weeiy ck Kiv n q Q, hvi AvIZvq i q Q: - evsjv ` ki ez gvb Ae v - ivwg v ci cuvp eqi gqv` k l evsjv ` k Avgv `i fwel r j ev wfkb - mikv ii wfzi ivwg v ci wgkb wµwuk vj cövmövg ev evqb m úwk Z Revew`wnZv - ivwg v ci cªavb Mš e mg~n - Ab vb wgkb wµwuk vj cövmöv gi m ½ mswk ózv ivwg vc Abymv i AMÖMwZ g~j vqb ivwg vc ev evq bi cöfve g~j vq bi Î evsjv `k mikv ii myweav _ Avgiv wek e vsk Ges RvwZms Ni g Zv wbf i hvm m~ Îi eivz _ K g~j Z_ Ges cwimsl vb ms hvrb K i ivwg v ci cöwzwu gšwjk Î AMÖMwZ g~j vq bi m~pk m ^wjz GKwU W vk evw cö Z K iwq G Î e eüz c wzi we vwiz weeiy cwiwkó 2 -G Zz j aiv n q Q, Z e GK br i djvdj wb P `Lv bv n q Q ivwg v ci cöwzwu Î m e v P Ges me wbæ AMÖMwZ AR bkvix ` ki Zzjbvq evsjv ` ki Ae vb Kv_vq wpî 9.2 -G Zvi GKwU mvims c Zy j aiv n q Q AZtci, wpî 9.3 cö Z KwU ` ki Î we vwiz djvdj cökvk K i Q wpî 9.2 AvBwmwU ivwg v ci W vk evw ms c Empowering Citizens Enabling the Market 0.0 Transforming Public Services Growing the ICT Sector Highest in benchmark group Lowest in benchmark group Bangladesh India 52

53 wpî 9.3 AvBwmwU ivwg v ci we vwiz W vk evw Avgv `i civgk n jv, GB we k ly mikvwi cöavb Z_ Awdmvi KZ K cªwz eqi bevqb Kiv n e Ges GB AÂ ji Ab vb ` ki Zzjbvq evsjv `k K ZvUv AMÖmiZv AR b K i Q Zv cwigvc bi m~pk wn m e e envi Kiv n e ciezx c` cmg~n GB cöwz e` b evsjv ` ki Rb RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg c cöyqb wel q Dc `k cö`v bi j EMTAP S2-ICT cök íi P~ovš djvdj Dc vwcz n q Q G cöw Z, GwU wb RB D j wlz RvZxq AvBwmwU ivwg vc wn m e we ewpz n Z cv i bv AvBwmwU ivwg vc welqk RvZxq mwgbv i A b K hgb D j L K iwq jv, mikvi Ges cöavb K nvìvi ev mswk ó mkj K ivwg v ci ÒRvZxq `vwqz Ó MÖnY Ki Z n e m D Ïk mva bi j mikv ii c Kej KÝvj U U cöyxz cöwz e`b cökvk KivB h _ó bq, h ZvB K nvìvi `Ii civg k i Av jv K Zv Z_ mg n q _vkzk bv Kb eis, Avgv `i cöwz e`b MÖn Yi ci, Avgv `i civgk Ges mycvwikgvjv mikv ii ÔAvZ xkiyõ Kiv `ikvi, Ggb GKwU P~ovš ivwg vc cöyq bi gvb m mikvi Ges e nëi K nvìvi ev mswk ó AskMÖnYKvixiv huvi `vwqz MÖnY Ki Z cvi e, hviv AvBwmwU Uv dv m ii cöwzwbwaz K ib RvZxq mwgbv i AskMÖnYKvixMY Av iv úó iƒ c Rvb Z P qwq jb, Zgb RvZxq `vwqz Kx Dcv q AR b Kiv h Z cv i myzivs, Avgiv ez gv b- g~j ivwg v ci ewa Z Ask wn m e, GLb _ K