Circuits with Light at the Nanoscale: Taming the Light with Metamaterials
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1 Circuits with Light at the Nanoscale: Taming the Light with Metamaterials Nader Engheta Special Thanks to Andrea Alu Uday Chettiar Brian Edwards Jingjing Li Alessandro Salandrino Mario Silveirinha Yong Sun Ashkan Vakil Mike Young April 9, 2010
2 Electronics
3 What other kinds of Currents do we have? E = ih i t e H = J i E J E Displacement Current
4 Current Confinement? RF out wire 1 1 J out out E 0 D Jc E Jd i E Jd i E Re 0 Re 0 D E
5 Current Confinement? RF out wire 1 1 J out out E 0 D E Nano-Optics? wire 1 substrate 1 D out out E 0 Alu, Engheta, Optics Express, 15, (2007)
6 How to have -near zero (ENZ) Media?
7 ENZ Metamaterials m 2 p 1 i T ε 0 0 T z ( 1 2) m 0 d 0 Re 0 Re 0
8 What will happen, if is near zero? Maxwell Equations H i E H 0 E ih 2-D Scenario with TM polarization H xy uˆ, z 1 E xyuˆ i, z H ENZ const. n 0 inside ENZ material.
9 D in Nano-Optics D in D 0? D in D 0 ENZ
10 Grooves in ENZ D in D 0 ENZ
![Phase [ deg ] Numerical Simulations Si 3 N 4 Silver f 725THz 150 Phase of E y 100 50 0-50](/docs-images/76/74096443/images/11-0.jpg "-100-150 Layered material Vacuum -3000-2000 -1000 0 y [ nm ] Alu and Engheta, Phys. Rev. Lett.")
11 Phase [ deg ] Numerical Simulations Si 3 N 4 Silver f 725THz 150 Phase of E y Layered material Vacuum y [ nm ] Alu and Engheta, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009
12 Energy Flow Poynting Vector f 725THz H E Alu and Engheta, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009
13 Nanocircuit board with branches f 725THz 500 nm 750 nm Alu and Engheta, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009
14 Alphabets in electronics L C R M From HP group
15 What are the basic alphabets in Optics? Waveguide Lens Optics Mirror
16 Lumped Circuit Elements in Nano-Optics? L C R Radio Frequency (RF) electronics????? Nano-Optics
17 Lumped Circuit Elements with Light E Optics a Electronics D t i E H Re 0 C Z Optical Voltage( E) Optical Displacement ( D) E H L Re 0 E H R Im 0 Engheta, Salandrino, Alu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) Engheta, Science, 317, 1698 (2007)
18 Examples 60 nm 633 nm 18 SiO2 C210 F C Ag 15 Re 0 L710 H L
19 Circuits with Light at Nanoscales d E inc C R L H inc L C R C Meta-Nanocircuits Metamaterial-Inspired Nanoelectronics Metactronics Engheta, Science, 317, 1698 (2007)
20 Nanocircuit Board loaded with Nanorods ENZ f 725THz C L 500 nm Phase of E in groove Alu and Engheta, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009
21 Nanocircuit board with more branches f 725THz
22 Optical Nanocircuit Busline f 725THz Alu and Engheta, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009
23 2 nd Order Filter: Silver and Si 3 N 4 Nanorods Si3N 4 Ag C R L d 20 nm 20 nm 20 nm Engheta, Science, 317, 1698 (2007) Alu, Young, and Engheta, Phys. Rev. B, (2008)
24 Amplitude Phase [ Deg ] 2 nd Order Filter: Silver and Si 3 N 4 Nanorods Wavelength [ nm ] Simulation Circuit Theory Wavelength [ nm ] Simulation Circuit Theory Engheta, Science, 317, 1698 (2007) Alu, Young, and Engheta, Phys. Rev. B (2008)
25 Stereo-Circuits Different Circuits for Different Views E H E H L L C C Alu, and Engheta, New Journal of Physics, 2009
26 Variable Optical Nanoelements E H Optics Re 0 Electronics Could we have nano-scale optical Varactor? C C l E (3) 2 loc Silver Core-Shell Kerr Kerr-loaded Nanoantennas
27 Kerr-based Optical Nanovaractor E H Optics Electronics C l E (3) 2 loc Re 0 E H Kerr-loaded Nanoantennas
28 Amplitude Phase [ Deg ] Optical Nanofilters Si3N 4 Ag C R L d Wavelength [ nm ] Simulation Circuit Theory Wavelength [ nm ] Simulation Circuit Theory Engheta, Science, 317, 1698 (2007) Alu, Young, and Engheta, Phys. Rev. B, (2008)
29 Optical Nanovaractor and Variable Nanofilter Kerr Ag C R L Kerr Ag
30 Mapping From RF to Nano-Optics RF Elements & Systems Nano-Optics Phenomena & Systems
31 Optical Yagi-Uda Nanoantenna Ag SiO nm 0 646nm Li, Salandrino, and Engheta, Phys. Rev. B, 76, (2007)
32 Photonic Wireless at Nanoscales?? Nano-Optical Wireless Communications System 1 System 2 Antennas, local oscillators, filters, switches, mixers, modulators, demodulators, etc. etc.
33 Can we tune optical nanoantennas? Alu and Engheta, Nature Photonics, Vol. 2, May 2008
34 Nanoantenna Tuning? r L Z load Alu and Engheta, Nature Photonics, Vol. 2, May 2008
35 Feeding Optical Nanoantennas & NSOM? Alu and Engheta, PRL, 101, July 2008
36 Summary m Metactronics or Lightronics can provide information processing at the nanoscale m Nanoparticles can play the role of lumped circuit elements m Nanonatennas can be tuned by optical nanoloads m ENZ materials can provide test beds for optical nanocircuit boards Re 0
37 Thank you very much!
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