Table 1 SI Base Units. electric current I ampere A. luminous intensity I v candela cd. thermodynamic. temperature. gravitational field

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1 Appendix B Reference Throughout Nelson Physics 1 and in this reference section, we have attempted to be consistent in the presentation and usage of units. As much as possible, the text uses the International System of Units (SI). However, some other units have been included because of their practical importance, wide usage, or use in specialized fields. Nelson Physics 1 has followed the most recent Canadian Metric Practice Guide (CAN/CSA-Z ), published in 000 and updated in 003 by the Canadian Standards Association. Table 1 SI Base Units Quantity Symbol Unit name Symbol amount of substance n mole mol electric current I ampere A length L, l, h, d, w m luminous intensity I v candela cd mass m kilogram kg thermodynamic temperature T kelvin K time t s Table Some SI-Derived Units Quantity Symbol Unit Unit symbol SI base unit Quantity Symbol Unit Unit symbol SI base unit acceleration a > per squared gravitational field g > newton per kilogram N/kg area A square Celsius temperature density r, D kilogram per cubic m m t Celsius C K kg/m 3 kg/m 3 displacement D d > m m electric charge electric field e > volt per electric field intensity electric potential electric resistance Q, q coulomb C A?s e newton per coulomb (tesla) V/m kg?m/a?s 3 N/C, T kg/a?s V volt V kg?m /A?s 3 R ohm Ω kg?m /A?s 3 energy E, E k, E p joule J kg?m /s force F newton N kg? frequency f hertz Hz s 1 heat Q joule J kg?m /s magnetic B > weber per field square (tesla) T kg/a?s momentum p > kilogram per kg? kg? period T s s power P watt W kg?m /s 3 pressure p newton per square speed v per velocity v > per volume V cubic N/m kg/m?s m 3 m 3 wavelength l m m weight W, w newton N N, kg? work W joule J kg?m /s 08 Appendix B NEL

2 Table 3 Numerical Prefixes Powers and Subpowers of Ten Prefix Power Symbol deca 10 1 da hecto 10 h kilo 10 3 k mega 10 M giga 10 9 G tera 10 1 T peta P exa E deci 10 1 d centi 10 c milli 10 3 m micro 10 m nano 10 9 n pico 10 1 p femto f atto a Some Examples of Prefix Use 000 s s 5 kilos or km 0. s s 5 centis or cm hertz hertz 5 3 gigahertz or 3 GHz Table 4 The Greek Alphabet Upper case Lower case Name A a alpha B b beta G g gamma D d delta E e epsilon Z z zeta H h eta Q u theta I i iota K k kappa L l lambda M m mu N n nu J j xi O o omicron P p pi R r rho S s sigma T t tau Y y upsilon F f phi X x chi C c psi V v omega Learning Tip SI Prefixes It can be difficult to remember the metric prefixes. A mnemonic is a saying that helps you remember something. King Henry Doesn t Mind Drinking Chocolate Milk is a mnemonic for kilo, hecto, deca,, deci, centi, and milli. Another helpful hint is that mega (M) represents a million (3 10 ) and tera (T) represents a trillion ( ). The first letter of the prefix and the first letter of what it represents are the same. NEL Reference 09

3 Table 5 Physical Constants Quantity Symbol Approximate value speed of light in a vacuum c gravitational constant G N?m /kg Coulomb s constant k N?m /C charge on electron e C charge on proton e C electron mass m e kg proton mass m p kg neutron mass m n kg atomic mass unit u kg Planck s constant h J?s electron-volt ev J Table The Solar System Object Mass (kg) Radius of object (m) Period of rotation on axis (s) Mean radius of orbit (m) Period of revolution of orbit (s) Orbital eccentricity Sun Mercury Venus Earth Moon Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto Table Atomic Masses of Selected Particles Name Symbol Atomic mass (u) neutron n proton p 1.00 deuteron d alpha particle a Appendix B NEL

4 Table 8 Quarks and Their Properties Type of quark Symbol Quark charge (e) Mass Anti-quark Anti-quark charge (e) up u MeV u 3 down d MeV d charm c GeV c 3 strange s MeV s top t GeV t 3 bottom b GeV b Table 9 Properties of Some Baryons Particle Symbol Constituent quarks Lifetime (s) Mass (MeV/c ) proton p uud stable 938 neutron n udd sigma plus S 1 uus sigma zero S 0 uds sigma minus S dds xi minus J dss Note: There are many other baryons composed of other combinations of three quarks and anti-quarks. Table 10 Properties of Some Mesons Constituent Particle Symbol quarks Lifetime (s) Mass (MeV/c ) pion (pi plus) p 1 ud pi zero* p 0 dd/uu kaon (K plus) K 1 us kaon (K minus) K su phi f ss Note: There are many other mesons, which are composed of other combinations of quarks and anti-quarks. * The p 0 is a quantum-mechanical combination of the dd and uu quark states. Table 11 Leptons and Their Properties Particle Symbol Lepton charge Mass/c Anti-lepton Anti-lepton charge electron e MeV e 1 1 electron neutrino n e ev < m < ev n e 0 muon m 1 10 MeV m 1 1 muon neutrino n m 0 < 0.19 MeV n m 0 tau t MeV t 1 1 tau neutrino n t 0 < 18 MeV n t 0 NEL Reference 11

5 1 1 1 H hydrogen Nelson Physics 1 atomic number Key most common ion charge other ion charge 3 Li lithium Na sodium Be beryllium 9.01 Mg magnesium Fe iron atomic mass (u)based on C-1 atomic molar mass (g/mol) name of element symbol of element (solids in black, liquids in blue, gases in red) K potassium 3 38 Rb rubidium Ca calcium Sr strontium Sc scandium Y yttrium Ti titanium Zr zirconium V vanadium Cr chromium Mn manganese Nb niobium Mo molybdenum Tc technetium Fe iron Ru ruthenium 45 Co cobalt Rh rhodium (98) Fr francium Ra radium 5 Ac actinium Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir cesium barium lanthanum hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium Rf rutherfordium Db dubnium Sg seaborgium Bh bohrium Hs hassium (3) () () (1) () () (4) () 109 Mt meitnerium (8) Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Metals Metalloids Non-metals Hydrogen 90 Ce Pr Nd cerium praseodymium neodymium Pm promethium (145) Sm samarium Th thorium Pa protactinium U uranium Np neptunium (3) Pu plutonium (44) 1 Appendix B NEL

6 Periodic Table of the Elements Measured values are subject to change as experimental techniques improve. Atomic molar mass values in this table are based on IUPAC website values (011) B boron C carbon N nitrogen 3 8 O oxygen 9 F fluorine He helium 4.00 Ne neon Al aluminum Si silicon P phosphorus S sulfur Cl chlorine Ar argon Ni nickel Pd palladium Cu copper Ag silver Zn zinc Cd cadmium Ga gallium Ge germanium As arsenic Se selenium Br bromine In indium Sn tin Sb antimony Te tellurium I iodine Kr krypton Xe xenon Pt platinum Au gold Hg mercury Tl thallium 113 Pb lead Bi bismuth Po polonium At astatine (09) (10) () Rn radon 4 5 Ds darmstadtium Rg roentgenium Cn copernicium Uuq ununquadium (81) () (85) (84) (89) Eu europium Gd gadolinium Tb terbium Am americium Cm curium Bk berkelium Uut ununtrium Dy dysprosium Cf californium Halogens Ho holmium Er erbium Tm thulium Es einsteinium Uup ununpentium (88) Fm fermium Uuh ununhexium Md mendelevium Uus ununseptium (91) (94) Yb ytterbium No nobelium (43) (4) (4) (51) (5) (5) (58) (59) Uuo ununoctium (94) Noble gases Lu lutetium 14.9 Lr lawrencium () NEL Reference 13