Lesson 8: Analyzing Chemical Formulas

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1 Science Learning Goal Determine the number of atoms of each element in chemical formulas. Engage Instruct students to copy Items 1 7 in Engage into their science notebooks, circle the one word that does not belong in each list, and explain why it does not belong. Review the example in the student edition if necessary. Engage Page 64 Unit 2: Matter and Energy 100 Sheets 200 Pages Wide Ruled 9 / x 7 / in x 19.0 cm Which Does Not Belong? In your science notebook, copy the list below. Circle the one word that does not belong in the group. Finish the statement that explains why it does not belong. 1. silver, nickel, cobalt, iron (not in period 4) 2. neon, nitrogen, helium, argon (not a noble gas) 3. group, period, seven, horizontal rows (not related to the horizontal rows on the Periodic Table) 4. vertical column, group, period, valence (not related to the vertical columns on the Periodic Table) 5. sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, lead, lithium sulfide (not a compound; only has 1 element listed) 6. Cu, Ag, 2, Au (not an element; has 2 elements listed; not a metal) 7. C 4, Na, C 6 6, C (not an organic compound; does not contain carbon) Teacher Note Items 5 and 7 check students prior knowledge. A complete understanding of the concept is not expected at this time. The concept will be further developed in this lesson. REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. 117

2 UNIT 2: Matter and Energy Materials For student pairs RM 40 sandwich-size resealable plastic bag UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 40 Explore Advance Preparation Copy RM 40: Matching Cards in color on cardstock. Laminate, cut out, and place in plastic bags. Matching Cards Instruct students to use the materials in the plastic bag to complete the Explore activity. Circulate among the working groups while making formative assessments and redirecting student thinking as needed. Allow students to participate in a gallery walk to compare results. Allow students to return cards to plastic bag after the Explain discussion. REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. Explore Page 64 Matching Game Working in small groups, match the graphic card model with a possible chemical formula. RM 40 Answer Key Refer to RM 40 for correct placement of cards. 118

3 Explain, Part 1 Debrief Explore by guiding students to recognize the relationships between the chemical formulas and the graphic cards. Guide students to recognize that the letters represent certain shapes and the number of shapes is equivalent to the subscript. Ask students to determine the total number of shapes in each graphic card. Later in the lesson, relate this number to the total number of atoms in a compound. Explain, Part 1 Page 65 Materials For student pairs Matching Cards arrangement Unit 2: Matter and Energy Review the Explore card matching activity in a class discussion. What do the letters represent? What is the total number of shapes on each card? Explain, Part 2 Materials For teacher RM 41 RM 42 (optional) Instruct students to read and discuss Analyzing Chemical Formulas. Display RM 41: Practice Determining Atoms to model how to determine the atoms per element in a compound. Scaffold instruction by modeling several examples first. Use guided practice before students begin to work independently. Provide time for students to re-examine their Explore results, allowing revisions. Ensure answers are correct before students disassemble the materials and store them in the plastic bag. Instruct student pairs to complete the Atoms per Element science notebook entry. Review the answers with students, allowing them to revise their answers based on the class discussion. Extension Activity: If students are having difficulty determining the number of elements found in a compound or the number of atoms in each element, utilize RM 42: Additional Practice for remediation or additional practice REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. For each student RM 41 (optional) RM 42 (optional) For student pairs Matching Cards arrangement UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 41 Ca C NaCl C 4 Fe S 4 Cl Mg() 2 Practice Determining Atoms REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. N N Pb N 119

4 4. benzene C copper carbonate CuC 3 UNIT 2: Matter and Energy UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM bromine Br 2 2. calcium chloride CaCl 2 Additional Practice Explain, Part 2 Pages potassium iodide KI 5. beryllium hydroxide Be() 2 Analyzing Chemical Formulas 7. magnesium nitrate Mg(N 3 ) 2 8. magnesium hydroxide Mg() 2 9. silver oxide Ag ammonium hydroxide N sodium carbonate Na 2 C calcium nitrite Ca(N 2 ) 2 REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. All compounds have definite compositions that can be represented by a chemical formula. Remember that chemical formulas use symbols or a combination of symbols and subscripts to show the elements and the number of atoms of each element that make up the molecule. For example, the formula for oxygen gas is 2. The subscript indicates two oxygen atoms are bonded in an oxygen molecule as shown in Figure Figure xygen Molecule Another common chemical formula is 2. As shown in Figure 2.33, 2 represents 2 atoms of hydrogen and represents 1 atom of oxygen. 2 is the chemical formula for the inorganic compound known as water. Figure Molecule of Water The inorganic compound magnesium hydroxide is written as Mg() 2. Notice the subscript after the parentheses in Figure The subscript indicates there are 2 sets of the molecule. Chemical formulas are a shorthand way to communicate the parts of a molecule. Subscripts are used in formulas to identify how many atoms of a particular element are present. In some cases, parentheses are used to indicate elements grouped together as a molecule within the compound. Figure Magnesium ydroxide Mg() 2 Mg 120

5 Science 100 Sheets 200 Pages Wide Ruled 9 / x 7 / in x 19.0 cm Atoms per Element Identify the elements found in each of the following compounds. Then determine the number of atoms in each element. 1. carbon dioxide C 2 1 atom of carbon 2 atoms of oxygen 2. glucose C atoms of carbon Unit 2: Matter and Energy 12 atoms of hydrogen 6 atoms of oxygen 3. calcium hydroxide Ca() 2 1 atom of calcium 1 x 2 = 2 atoms of oxygen 1 x 2 = 2 atoms of hydrogen RM 41 Answer Key CaC 3 Pb(N) 3 NaCl C 4 1 atom of sodium 1 atom of chlorine 1 atom of carbon 4 atoms of hydrogen Fe S 4 2 atoms of iron 3 atoms of oxygen 2 atoms of hydrogen 1 atom of sulfur 4 atoms of oxygen Cl Mg() 2 1 atom of hydrogen 1 atom of chlorine 1 atom of magnesium 2 atoms of oxygen 2 atoms of hydrogen REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. 121

6 UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 42 Answer Key 1. bromine Br 2 Molecule (not a compound) 1 element 2 atoms of bromine 2. calcium chloride CaCl 2 compound 2 elements 1 atom of calcium 2 atoms of chlorine 3. potassium iodide KI compound 2 elements 1 atom of potassium 1 atom of iodine 4. benzene C 6 6 compound 2 elements 6 atoms of carbon 6 atoms of hydrogen 5. beryllium hydroxide Be() 2 1 atom of beryllium 2 atoms of oxygen 2 atoms of hydrogen 6. copper carbonate CuC 3 1 atom of copper 1 atom of carbon 3 atoms of oxygen 7. magnesium nitrate Mg(N 3 ) 2 1 atom of magnesium 2 atoms of nitrogen 6 atoms of oxygen 8. magnesium hydroxide Mg() 2 1 atom of magnesium 2 atoms of oxygen 2 atoms of hydrogen 9. silver oxide Ag 2 compound 2 elements 2 atoms of silver 1 atom of oxygen 10. ammonium hydroxide N 4 1 atom of nitrogen 5 atoms of hydrogen 1 atom of oxygen 11. sodium carbonate Na 2 C 3 2 atoms of sodium 1 atom of carbon 3 atoms of oxygen 12. calcium nitrite Ca(N 2 ) 2 1 atom of calcium 2 atoms of nitrogen atoms of oxygen

7 Explain, Part 3 Read and discuss Using Coefficients and Subscripts. Display RM 43: Using Coefficients to model how to determine the number of atoms in compounds with coefficients. Scaffold student instruction and involvement as described in previous lessons. Check for understanding by directing students to complete the science notebook entry Chemical Formulas. Display RM 44: Chemical Formulas to discuss the answers after students have had ample time to respond. Allow students to revise their answers after discussion. Materials For teacher RM 43 RM 44 Unit 2: Matter and Energy Explain, Part 3 Using Coefficients and Subscripts Pages UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 43 Using Coefficients 6 2 Coefficient There are No subscript There is 6 molecules of water. only 1 atom of oxygen. Subscript There are 2 atoms of hydrogen. A coefficient indicates the number of molecules of a compound or element. For example, 6 molecules of water is written as CaCl 2 Figure Parts of a Compound 6 2 No subscript There is only 1 atom of oxygen in each of the 6 molecules of water. REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 44 Chemical Formulas 1. Coefficient There are 6 molecules of water. Subscript There are 2 atoms of hydrogen in each of the 6 molecules of water C Cl C Cl C Cl 4. 3C CaS Ca() 2 A visual can also be used to help determine the total number of atoms. The coefficient indicates there are 6 molecules of water. REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. 123

8 Science UNIT 2: Matter and Energy Figure Visual Model of a Compound ere s another way to determine the number of atoms of each element:. To determine the number of atoms in 6 2 : 6 molecules x 2 hydrogen atoms = 12 hydrogen atoms 6 molecules x 1 oxygen atom = 6 oxygen atoms 100 Sheets 200 Pages Wide Ruled 9 / x 7 / in x 19.0 cm Chemical Formulas In your science notebook, write the chemical formula for each of the following. Place the proper coefficient in the blank and any subscripts needed in the appropriate boxes C Cl C Cl C Cl 2C 3 Cl 124

9 Copy the following formulas into your science notebook. Determine the number of atoms per element represented in each of the following substances. Justify your answers mathematically or with a drawing. 4. 3C 2 3 x 1 carbon = 3 atoms 3 x 2 oxygen = 6 atoms 5. 2CaS 3 2 x 1 calcium = 2 atoms 2 x 1 sulfur = 2 atoms 2 x 3 oxygen = 6 atoms 6. 2Ca() 2 2 x 1 calcium = 2 atoms 2 x (1 x 2) oxygen = 4 atoms 2 x (1 x 2) hydrogen = 4 atom Unit 2: Matter and Energy Facilitation Questions What is a coefficient and what does it tell you? A coefficient is a number written in front of a chemical formula indicating how many of those molecules are involved in a chemical reaction. What is a subscript and what does it tell you? A subscript is a number within a chemical formula indicating the number of atoms of an element in that molecule. REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. 125

10 Na Ca CI CI CI UNIT 2: Matter and Energy Materials For teacher RM 45 For each student RM 45 UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 45 Elaborate Instruct students to complete RM 45: Composition of Compounds. nce completed, utilize RM 45 to discuss student answers. Allow students to revise answers after discussion. Number Total Number Names of of Atoms of Elements Elements of Each Element Composition of Compounds Instruct students to complete the science notebook entry Reflection. Allow students to share their reflections and to revise if needed. Element, Model Name Molecule, Formula Compound water 2 sodium Na hydroxide NaCI sodium 1 valence 7 valence chloride electron (salt) 7 valence calcium chloride 7 valence 2 valence magnesium 6 valence oxide Mg 2 valence Elaborate Page 69 Follow your teacher s instructions to complete the Composition of Compounds handout. REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. Science 100 Sheets 200 Pages Wide Ruled 9 / x 7 / in x 19.0 cm Reflection A friend is having difficulty writing chemical formulas. Create a list of guidelines to help your friend write chemical formulas. Student answers will vary. Possible answers may include: The first letter of an element symbol is always capitalized and the second letter is written lower case. Subscripts are used when there are two or more atoms of the element and are written to the lower right of the element. Subscripts are not used if only one atom of an element is present. 126

11 RM 45 Answer Key Model Na Name Element, Molecule, Compound Formula Total Number of Elements water compound 2 2 sodium hydroxide compound and molecule Na 3 Names of Elements hydrogen oxygen sodium oxygen hydrogen Number of Atoms of Each Element = 2 atoms = 1 atom Na = 1 atom = 1 atom = 1 atom Unit 2: Matter and Energy Na 1 valence electron CI 7 valence sodium chloride (salt) compound NaCI 2 sodium chlorine Na = 1 atom Cl = 1 atom CI Ca 2 valence 7 valence CI 7 valence calcium chloride compound CaCl 2 2 calcium chlorine Ca = 1 atom Cl = 2 atoms Mg 2 valence 6 valence magnesium oxide compound Mg 2 magnesium oxygen Mg = 1 atom = 1 atom REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. 127

12 V Ti Tl I r U C 2 6 NaC 3 C C UNIT 2: Matter and Energy Materials For each student RM 1 RM 46 UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 1 Lesson 1: Properties of Matter Evaluate Instruct students to use the Periodic Table to complete RM 46: Assessment Analyzing Chemical Formulas. PERIDIC TABLE F TE ELEMENTS 1A 8A Atomic number 14 e Symbol Si ydrogen 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A elium Atomic mass Li Be Silicon Name B C N F Ne Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen xygen Fluorine Neon Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar Sodium Magnesium 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon K Ca Sc Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe (98) Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Cs Ba Lu f Ta W Re s Pt Au g Pb Bi Po At Rn REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED (209) (210) (222) Cesium Barium Lutetium afnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium smium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Mass numbers in parentheses are those of Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh s Mt Ds Rg the most stable or most common isotope. (223) (226) (262) (267) (268) (271) (272) (270) (276) (281) (280) Francium Radium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium assium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy o Er Tm Yb (145) Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium olmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Ac Th Pa Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No (227) (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lanthanide Series Actinide Series RM 46 Answer Key 1. D 2. G 3. D 4. F 5. A UNIT 2: Matter and Energy RM 46 Choose the best answer for each question. Assessment Analyzing Chemical Formulas 1 Which element is found in all of these compounds? A xygen B Sodium C ydrogen D Carbon 2 ow many atoms of carbon are found in glucose, C ? F 3 G 6 12 J 24 3 A molecule that contains two or more elements is called A an atom B a mixture C an ion D a compound Page 1 of 2 REGIN 4 EDUCATIN SERVICE CENTER. ALL RIGTS RESERVED. 128

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