Digital Labour and the Use Value of Human Work
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- Baldric Goodwin
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1 Big picture vs. details Digital Labur ad the Use Value f Huma Wrk Tw questis 1. Value creati i the Web emy: Where des it happe? Pfeiffer, Sabie (2013): Web, Value ad Labur. I: Wrk Orgaisati, Labur ad Glbalisati, 7 (1), Prf. Dr. habil. Sabie Pfeiffer COST-Acti Dyamics f Virtual Wrk Pleary Sessi WG3 Athes, 8th Octber Value creati i the Web emy: Wh/what makes it happe? Pfeiffer, Sabie (2014): Digital Labur ad the Use Value f Huma Wrk. t be published i: triplec: Cuicati, Capitalism & Critique. Special Issue: Philsphers f the Wrld Uite! Therizig Digital Labur ad Virtual Wrk: Defiitis, Frms ad Trasfrmatis, Suer Estimated grwth f lie puchasig. Amazig grwth rates, still t t impessig share f GDP ad: partly based weird assumptis (BCG 2012) Mst claim the Web itrduces a ew era f emy. Sme celebrate fit grwth ad ew busiess mdels, thers criticize ehaced explitati. Bth see ew frms f glbal value chais. Cmputerizati resultig i declie f s share f GDP (frm the 70s t 2008: 6% dw) (Kristal 2013). 3
2 substatial chages f wrk alg the value chai aye i the chai wh duces ad distributes kwledge ducts ad i betwee is fud a steadily grwig army f emplyees wh hadle, distribute ad vey ifrmati ad kwledge (McKercher & Ms, 2010). All thse tasks are icreasigly iterected alg the glbal value chai, ad mdularizati ad stadardizati are applied gressively s that these ectis ca be maaged as seamlessly as pssible (Huws, 2012:2). This srt f stadardizati lger just reaches it the ducti area, but meawhile als impiges the creative cesses f ivati wrk (Pfeiffer, Sauer & Wühr, 2012; Pfeiffer, Schütt & Wühr, 2010). 5 Prf. Styled Dr. habil. 6th Sabie Oct Pfeiffer Muich 6 2 factries 77 wrkers Berli Brkly There is mre gig betwee Bejig Bagalre 0,088% f 10 utries 62 factries wrkers Prf. Ifrmati Dr. habil. ad Sabie graphic Pfeiffer by Muich retrieved 6th Oct. 2013
3 Hw may kwledge wrker are ivlved? Why is the yug marketig traiee wrkig ft thig i that hip web agecy? Wh develps the marketig strategies? What is the value f all Ope Surce webbased services used? Why d custmers accept 25% higher prices fr custmized gds? Wh stitches ad sews? Uder what ditis? Where ad hw des value happe? Hw may spet hw much vlutary time truble shtig the pe surce E-Cerceplatfrm? What makes shippig s lw-stly? Which highly qualified peple gram all the Big Data ad sumer-trackig algrithm? Hw may micr wrkers feed Scial Netwrks fr SEO purpses? Wh are the well paid web desiger? Wh really pays fr the deep sea cable ad satellite ifrastructure? Where des the rubber me frm? Wh frms it it sles? We will ever be able t aalyze all these phemes alg virtual value chais. But we ca try t develp a aalytical uderstadig f relevat dimesis. Let me itrduce yu t e pssible aalytical framewrk. Oe geeral priciple hereby is: where des value me it the picture? Wh grams the iterface betwee Web ad ERP? lie Geeral disticti the actual cess f ducig ew values; values that d t exist prir t their ducti cess, befre the applicati f. The lcale ca split apart fr the value geerati ad realisati cesses (i real emy as well). Differet digital lcales ca be relevat fr every step i the ad cesses. cess by which the duct that rigiated as part f is valrized ad successfully exchaged i the market fr mey r ther values. 1st disticti: digital lcale fflie fflie lie
4 m utilizes utilizes s, s, ditized as s.. Which, the ther had, bemes a bject f emic explitati. as dity ducti, value realisati as s. d s d it y s lu lie. e fflie va fflie, li fflie ty di m c m dit y fflie fflie. ti a l is ea er lie. realisati. Marxists as well as traditial emists see wrk as crucial. S, ews here. Ad alg the value chai we see mre ad mre plai ld explitati: extractig as much as surplus value as pssible, miimizig the sts f livig. Ad we see ew frms f explitati usig mre ad mre s. lie, I the web emy, value chais are chagig dramatically, but it seems t be still wrk which des the trick. s lie, fflie. e m i e f li 2d disticti: value frm lie c m ditized value l f s dity as dity ducti, it y Cs beme detachable frm their previusly mstly lcally bud text, lettig far mre peple reder vlutary. s c m s But what exactly makes wrk the gig surce f value creati ad? It easy t aswer frm a basal emic perspective. If still is the key, thery has t aswer als questis like: What brigs the Ope Surce develpper t tribute vlutarily i her freetime? Why is the web marketig assistat wrkig ethusiastically util his burut? lie
5 Quatitative Exchage value f Cdity Oe f may itellectual tls Marx' thery vided us with is: pwer critique f dity fetishism (McChesey (2007: 53; see Fuchs/Dyer-Withefrd 2013: 792). du cti Capitalism difies wrk. Therefre a critical perspective has t start with: Ackwledgig the quality side f dialectical Its tgeitical re is t difiable (but ever mre essetial i glbalized, flexiblized ad thus a everyday level impderable wrk situatis). Huma t ly duces use value is has/tais it. wrk capacity Qualitative Use value f N dity 17 =Arbeitsverm öge (Pfeiffer 2004 ) 18 Prf. Dr. Sabie Pfeiffer Müche rk meas f w pwer du cti pwer ap pr ( A pria e ig ti u g) bjects f wrk ap pri ati du cti subjectifyig wrk acti wrk a rg isati wrk capacity Prf. Dr. Sabie Pfeiffer Müche 19 Prf. Dr. Sabie Pfeiffer Müche wrk capacity 20
6 bjectifyig subjectifyig well-plaed ad methdical acti explrative ad dialgical aalytical, ratial, lgical thikig assciative ad ituitive exact by sesric chaels percepti fuzzily ad hlistic bjective ad eutral relati meas ad rk bjects f w app rp r iati empathetic ad emtial wrk capacity rk variety f w s i rgaisat Böhle u.a Prf. Dr. Sabie Pfeiffer Müche The imprtace f as ducer f surplus is maily f quatitative character. Thak yu The imprtace f eablig the appriati (Aeigug) f highly develpped ductive frces is f qualitative ature. Althugh (ad because f) deeply tradictial, the letter wrk capacity/ Arbeitsvermöge is the prediti f the first pwer. Uderstadig as surce f value creati i ur ever chagig, mplex, glbalized wrld ad alg its virtualized value chais eeds a dialectical fcus wrk ad its qualitative subjectifyig capacity. visit me pfeiffer.de Prf. Dr. Prf. Dr. habil. habil.sabie SabiePfeiffer Pfeiffer Muich Muich 24
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