Chapter - 7 ALTERNATING CURRENT
|
|
- Andra White
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 hapter - 7 AENANG UEN A simple type f ac is ne which varies with time is simple harmnic manner- epresented by sine curve. ac vltage = sin t - Where = NAB Amplitude and = NAB ac current - - sin Where, Amplitude What are the advantages f A ) Easily stepped up r stepped dwn using transfrmer ) an be regulated using chke cil withut lss f energy 3) Easily cnverted in t dc using rectifier (Pn - dide) 4) an be transmitted ver distant places 5) Prductin f ac is mre ecnmical relatin fr eisitr, nductr and capacitr Fr resistr = nductr d capacitr What is A circuit Electrical circuit t which ac vltage is applied ac - ime depend emf current dc - ime independend emf current r dv Nte : Q dq dv dv t = sin t What is Phasr (tating ectr) study ac circuit alternating vltage and current in a circuit can be treated as phaser. (Nte : ltage and current are scalars) dc circuit maginary axis maginary axis = sint t eal axis = sint t eal axis
2 ength f the Phasr is amplitude Prjectin f Phasr alng the imaginery axis - nstantaneus value f vltage r current What is MS value r virtual value f A (Since Average value f ac fr a cycle is Zer) rms ms = sin t = sin t (since average value f sin t fr a cmplete cycle f ac is ½) ms rms, rms mprtance f MS value Nte : ) express ac pwer in the same frm as dc pwer dc - Pwer P = ) t is used t cnstruct ht wire instrument used fr the ac pwer P av = rms x r m s measurement f ac Ordinary MG cannt used fr measuring A t indicates average value, he average value f ac is O. Hence is it shws n deflectin Ht wire instrument is used fr measuring ac. Principle f htwire instrument is Heating effect ) t is cmmn t bth ac and dc ) t is independent f directin f current Graduatin is the Galvanmeter used fr the measurement f ac is nt equi distant. t wrks n the basis f Heating effect. Since H =. Deflectin in the galvanmeter is directly t But in MG Deflectin is Disadvantages f ac -. annt used fr electrplating - can't fix cathde and ande (Plarity f ac changes). ac is mre dangerus r m s = 3 (line vltage) rms 3 35v 3. t can't stre fr lnger time. Number f thin wires are used fr flwing ac - why ac shws skin effect - ac is flwing n uter layer f a wire. Nte - hick u wire isused fr flwing dc - t has lw resistance - t is used as cnnecting wire in the lab. Electric main in a huse is marked as 3, 5Hz, write dwn the equatin fr instentaneus ac vltage. nstentaneus ac vltage = s i n t
3 rms 3 35vlt 5 35sint A circuit ntaining resistr Applied vltage, = sin t...() By 's law, - sin t = sin t...() where Frm equatin () and () and are in the same phase Pwer dissipatin But P av = = sin t s i n t cs t cs Pav = rms. rms A circuit cntaing inductr () = s in t t = fr cycle f ac, d (since ) - d = sin t cst sin t sin t lags r by sin t = - cs t Pav Where Hence is the pssitin affered by the inductr t ac called inductive reactance. nductive eactance X = Nte : fr dc =, X = = sin t maginary axis t t = sin t real axis
4 = X Pwer Dissipatin Pav Pav = sin t Pav sin t cs t Pav = sin t Average value sin t - cst Pav = O (Fr ideal inductr) = O fr a cycle f ac A circuit cntaining apacitr = sin t d B u t d t c, d sin t d t = W - cs t sin t = sin t leads r by dv maginary axis t c = s i n t real axis Where wc Amplitude f current Here X is the ppsitin ffered by capacitr t ac - capacitve reactance Nte : fr dc X infinity O X apacitr blcks dc
5 Pwer desipatin Pav = P av = sin t sin ( t + ) O O = sint Average value f sine t = fr a cmplete cycle P av = (deal) n a purely resistive circuit pwer dissipatin never be zer - Because and are always either +ve r -ve. Hence the prduct always +ve. n a purely inductive r capacitive circuit Pav = O what it shws - n the a circuit nductr r capacitr ffers ppsitin t ac with ut lss f energy ie, current in the circuit des nt perfrm any wrk. he current is called dle r watt less current. Explain A circuit cnatining Amplitude f =, which is in phase with current = O X Which leads by f is the resultant f and, by vectr algebra. cs (s O) ( ) ( X ) X Z, mpedence f circuit - esistance ffered by cmbinatin f and O is the phase angle between and a n OX a n O an X Hence = O sin t... = sin ( t - )... = O sin ( t - )... 3 = X O sin ( t - + )... 4 = + Phaser diagram t t real A circuit cantaining and Amplitude f =, Which is phase with = X Which lags by
6 f is the resultant vltage by vectr algebra. cs X Z, m pedence f circuit O - phase angle between and a n = X X = = an - Hence = sin t... = sin ( t + )... = O sin ( t + )... 3 = X O sin?( t + - )... 4 = + A circuit ntaining and t real axis Amplitude f = O X leads by = O X lags by Phase angle between and is f is the resultant vltage, by vectr algebra. cs = O X - O X X X Z, m pedence f circuit O Amplitude f current = z X > X (At high frequency) ircuit is inductive X > X (At law frequency circuit is capacitve X X (cs ) f X = X, Z=, (max). he circuit exhibits electrical resnence. Difference b/w resistance reactance and mpedence esistance - Oppsitin ffered by a resisiter - same fr bth dc and ac eactance - Oppsitin ffered by inductr and capacitr t ac.
7 mpedences mbined ppsitin affered by, & t ac n heating cil heat prduced is greater in dc than in ac mpedenc f heating cil is greater fr ac Since n dc P n ac P Z Where Z ( W ) A cil f inductance 4 H is jined in series with a resistance f 3 calculate the current in the circuit when it cnnected t an ac main f v and frequency 5Hz Z r ms rms 4 W h e r e Z ( ) () 3 3.4x5 r m s 4 =.499A 4. A lamp is cnnected in series with the capacitr. Predict yur bservatins fr dc and ac Fr pure dc, bulb will nt glw - capacitr blcks dc Fr ac bulb glws - when c is lw, X, W large. Brightness reduces Explain ac circuit cntaining, and - Series circuit Amplitude f = which is in phase with = X which leads by = X which lags by esultent f and is - if > f is the resultant f, a n d ( ) ( )cs ( ) ( ) ( x X ) ( X X) Z, impedence f circuit in the phase angle b/w and - dc r ac -
8 X X X X an an X X Sint, where Z Hence = sin ( t) applied vltage = s i n ( t ) current in the circuit. lags by. = X = X sin ( t ) leads by c = X = X sin ( t ) l a g s b y = = Sin ( ) Phase with in current. Phaser diagram (X > X ) f ircuit Electrical resnance in At resnance Amplitude f current m a x B ut ( X X ) t is maximum nly when X = X r = r = O mpedence f resnant circuit Z = * esnant current in the circuit * he frequency at which circuit exhibits resnance is called resnant frequency Since X = X r Hence freequency r Nte : esnance depends n and What are the uses f cirucit. Used in the tuning mechanism f adi,. Metal detectr What is Q factr in circuit - Shws sharpnes f resnance. f is max sharpness is greater At resnance Q X X r i e, r Q r r f, X X is ve lags -, X X is ve leads, X X, is zer and in the same phase Assignment : Draw Phaser diagram f circuit with X > X t - eal axis
9 Selectivity f circuit - Depends n Q - factr is max when in lw since at resnance * n parallel circuit urrent vanishes fr a certain frequency nly such a circuit is filter circuit. Pwer dissipatin in circuit Average pwer(rue pwer) cnsumed during ne cycle f ac. Pav Pav sin t sin( t ) sin t (sin t cs cs t sin ) Pav sin tcs sin tcstsin sin sin t t cs sin Fr a cmplete cycle sin t d t sin t d t,
10 Pav cs Pav = rms rms c s rue Pwer =Apparent pwer x Pwer factr Explain pwer factr - t signifies pwer lss s Z At resnance Z =, c s = Pav = rms rms, maximum f the circuit is pure inductive r capacitive, cs, pav = What is pwer factr in esistive circuit. n ac resistive circuit =, and are is same phase cs =, Pav = rms rms What is the min and max value f pwer factr - O and tal impedance f circuit decreases when capacitr is added in series with the given impedence - Explain - he capacitance reduces the net reactance and hence the imepedance decreases What is the disadvantage in supplying a given pwer t a circuit having lw pwer factr. supply a given pwer in a circuit (ransmissin line) having lw pwer factr a large current is required. his prduces large heat lss. Evaluatin ) What is meant by ac, Hw can yu represent ac mathematically ) What is the mean value f ac fr ne cmplete cycle 3) An ac f is mre dangerus than a D f - 4) n a D circuit what is the reactance f a) nductr b) apacitr 5) Why vltages acrss and and in series are ut f phase 6) What is the nature f impedence f an circuit if the applied frequeny ( )( i), r (), r (3) r 7) Draw graphics shwing variatin f reactance ) A capacitr ) an inductr with frequency f applied vltage X X 8) Prperties f resnant circuit 9) f the frequency f ac is dubled hw d, X a n d X get affected ) What d yu mean by amplitude f A, Hw it related t MS value
11 * here is n electrical resnance in r circuit - easnance takes place nly if and. Present, Because cancelled by c. * ariatin f X wit h. X = * ariatin f X w it h X c * ariatin f with independent f * ariatin f with = Sin t (Sine curve) * ariatin f Z with Z c * an a capacitr f suitable capacitance replace a chke cil in an A circuit. Yes. A vltage lags behind the current in capacitr circuit and Pav =. ransfrmers Used t change the alternating vltage and current withut changing its frequency Wrking Principle Mutual inductin. (Electr magnetic inductin) ransfrmers wrks in nly ac nt in dc. Because its wrking principle is Electrmagnetic nductin. ranfrmer law f vltages X X N p, N s, Number f turns in the primary and secndary cils B Magnetic flux in the irncre linked with Primary and Secndary cils. tal flux linked with the Primary cil P N P B Emf induced in the primary cil p N Z X =X P db db similarly, s Ns * esnant circuit is acceptr circuit - Admits maxi current at resnance. * mprtance f acceptr circuit in tuner f adi, receiver by tunning (varying) the capacitance f vairiable capacitr in the circuit the natural frequenct f circuit is made equal t the frequency f the signal (EM wave) t be detected. s p N N S P
12 P P, applied vltage, S S turns rati r ransfrmer rati., erminal vltage S P N N S K is a cnstant called P ypes f transfrmers Step up transfrmer f N s > N p, s > p primary vltage is increased s, s < p then s > p, secndary cil is thinner than primary cil. Step dwn transfrmer f N s <N p, s < p primary vltage is reduced. SO, s > p then s < p secndary cil in thicker than primary cil. Fr a transfrmer if there is n pwer lss ( deal case) ac input pwer = ac ut put pwer p p s s Efficiency f transfrmer utput pwer input pwer s n a transfrmer there is n vilatin f law f cnservatin f energy. nput ac energy = utput ac energy (deal case) p s p * Applicatin f ransfrmer - Electrical Pwer ransmissin. * Electric pwer is transmitted in ac nt dc - n Electrical pwer transmissin tranfrmer is used in varius stages. t wrks nly in ac. * Energy lsses in a transfrmer. (i) pper lss r Jule lss - Due t resistance f primary and secndary cils. (ii) Eddy current lss r rn lss. (iii) Hysterisis lss (iv) Flux leakage - Because ttal flux linked with the primary cil is nt (v) Humming Nise- linked with secndary cil * Hw can reduce the flux leakage in a transfrmer. By winding secndary cil ver primary cil and insulated each ther. * Device which is used t step dwn dc - esistr * Device which is used t step up dc - nductin cil * * *
Coupled Inductors and Transformers
Cupled nductrs and Transfrmers Self-nductance When current i flws thrugh the cil, a magnetic flux is prduced arund it. d d di di v= = = dt di dt dt nductance: = d di This inductance is cmmnly called self-inductance,
More informationLab 11 LRC Circuits, Damped Forced Harmonic Motion
Physics 6 ab ab 11 ircuits, Damped Frced Harmnic Mtin What Yu Need T Knw: The Physics OK this is basically a recap f what yu ve dne s far with circuits and circuits. Nw we get t put everything tgether
More information1. Transformer A transformer is used to obtain the approximate output voltage of the power supply. The output of the transformer is still AC.
PHYSIS 536 Experiment 4: D Pwer Supply I. Intrductin The prcess f changing A t D is investigated in this experiment. An integrated circuit regulatr makes it easy t cnstruct a high-perfrmance vltage surce
More informationECE 2100 Circuit Analysis
ECE 00 Circuit Analysis Lessn 6 Chapter 4 Sec 4., 4.5, 4.7 Series LC Circuit C Lw Pass Filter Daniel M. Litynski, Ph.D. http://hmepages.wmich.edu/~dlitynsk/ ECE 00 Circuit Analysis Lessn 5 Chapter 9 &
More informationChapter 30. Inductance
Chapter 30 nductance 30. Self-nductance Cnsider a lp f wire at rest. f we establish a current arund the lp, it will prduce a magnetic field. Sme f the magnetic field lines pass thrugh the lp. et! be the
More informationSupplementary Course Notes Adding and Subtracting AC Voltages and Currents
Supplementary Curse Ntes Adding and Subtracting AC Vltages and Currents As mentined previusly, when cmbining DC vltages r currents, we nly need t knw the plarity (vltage) and directin (current). In the
More informationPlan o o. I(t) Divide problem into sub-problems Modify schematic and coordinate system (if needed) Write general equations
STAPLE Physics 201 Name Final Exam May 14, 2013 This is a clsed bk examinatin but during the exam yu may refer t a 5 x7 nte card with wrds f wisdm yu have written n it. There is extra scratch paper available.
More informationEdexcel GCSE Physics
Edexcel GCSE Physics Tpic 10: Electricity and circuits Ntes (Cntent in bld is fr Higher Tier nly) www.pmt.educatin The Structure f the Atm Psitively charged nucleus surrunded by negatively charged electrns
More informationSeries and Parallel Resonances
Series and Parallel esnances Series esnance Cnsider the series circuit shwn in the frequency dmain. The input impedance is Z Vs jl jl I jc C H s esnance ccurs when the imaginary part f the transfer functin
More informationTOPPER SAMPLE PAPER 2 Class XII- Physics
TOPPER SAMPLE PAPER 2 Class XII- Physics Time: Three Hurs Maximum Marks: 70 General Instructins (a) All questins are cmpulsry. (b) There are 30 questins in ttal. Questins 1 t 8 carry ne mark each, questins
More informationApplying Kirchoff s law on the primary circuit. V = - e1 V+ e1 = 0 V.D. e.m.f. From the secondary circuit e2 = v2. K e. Equivalent circuit :
TRANSFORMERS Definitin : Transfrmers can be defined as a static electric machine which cnverts electric energy frm ne ptential t anther at the same frequency. It can als be defined as cnsists f tw electric
More informationRelationships Between Frequency, Capacitance, Inductance and Reactance.
P Physics Relatinships between f,, and. Relatinships Between Frequency, apacitance, nductance and Reactance. Purpse: T experimentally verify the relatinships between f, and. The data cllected will lead
More informationAQA GCSE Physics. Topic 7: Magnetism and Electromagnetism. Notes. (Content in bold is for Higher Tier only)
AQA GCSE Physics Tpic 7: Magnetism and Electrmagnetism Ntes (Cntent in bld is fr Higher Tier nly) Magnets - Nrth and Suth Ples - Same Ples repel - Oppsite ples attract Permanent Magnets - Always magnetic,
More informationThree charges, all with a charge of 10 C are situated as shown (each grid line is separated by 1 meter).
Three charges, all with a charge f 0 are situated as shwn (each grid line is separated by meter). ) What is the net wrk needed t assemble this charge distributin? a) +0.5 J b) +0.8 J c) 0 J d) -0.8 J e)
More informationSections 15.1 to 15.12, 16.1 and 16.2 of the textbook (Robbins-Miller) cover the materials required for this topic.
Tpic : AC Fundamentals, Sinusidal Wavefrm, and Phasrs Sectins 5. t 5., 6. and 6. f the textbk (Rbbins-Miller) cver the materials required fr this tpic.. Wavefrms in electrical systems are current r vltage
More informationPhysics 2B Chapter 23 Notes - Faraday s Law & Inductors Spring 2018
Michael Faraday lived in the Lndn area frm 1791 t 1867. He was 29 years ld when Hand Oersted, in 1820, accidentally discvered that electric current creates magnetic field. Thrugh empirical bservatin and
More informationSupplementary Course Notes Adding and Subtracting AC Voltages and Currents
Supplementary Curse Ntes Adding and Subtracting AC Vltages and Currents As mentined previusly, when cmbining DC vltages r currents, we nly need t knw the plarity (vltage) and directin (current). In the
More informationCopyright Paul Tobin 63
DT, Kevin t. lectric Circuit Thery DT87/ Tw-Prt netwrk parameters ummary We have seen previusly that a tw-prt netwrk has a pair f input terminals and a pair f utput terminals figure. These circuits were
More informationDr. Kasra Etemadi February 27, 2007
Dr. Kasra Eteadi February 7, 7 Chapter 4:Transients Chapter 5: Sinusidal Surces Chapter 6: nnsinusidal surces Furier Trasr Transer Functin Filters Lwpass Filters Highpass Filters andpass Filters Surce
More information4) What is the magnitude of the net electric field at the center of the square?
Fur charges are n the fur crners f a square. Q = +5C, Q = -0C, Q 3 = +5C, Q 4 = -0C. The side length f each side f the square is 3 m. Q Q ) What is the directin f the frce n Q due t ONLY Q 4? (a) up (b)
More informationModule 4: General Formulation of Electric Circuit Theory
Mdule 4: General Frmulatin f Electric Circuit Thery 4. General Frmulatin f Electric Circuit Thery All electrmagnetic phenmena are described at a fundamental level by Maxwell's equatins and the assciated
More informationInformation for Physics 1201 Midterm I Wednesday, February 20
My lecture slides are psted at http://www.physics.hi-state.edu/~humanic/ Infrmatin fr Physics 1201 Midterm I Wednesday, February 20 1) Frmat: 10 multiple chice questins (each wrth 5 pints) and tw shw-wrk
More informationPhysics 102. Second Midterm Examination. Summer Term ( ) (Fundamental constants) (Coulomb constant)
ε µ0 N mp T kg Kuwait University hysics Department hysics 0 Secnd Midterm Examinatin Summer Term (00-0) July 7, 0 Time: 6:00 7:0 M Name Student N Instructrs: Drs. bdel-karim, frusheh, Farhan, Kkaj, a,
More informationPHY 2054C Review guide Fall 2018 Chapter 17 Wave optics
PHY 2054C Review guide Fall 2018 Chapter 17 Wave ptics Light acts as a wave, ray, particle, and phtn. Refractive index n = c/v Light waves travel with speed c in a vacuum they slw dwn when they pass thrugh
More informationQ1. A) 48 m/s B) 17 m/s C) 22 m/s D) 66 m/s E) 53 m/s. Ans: = 84.0 Q2.
Phys10 Final-133 Zer Versin Crdinatr: A.A.Naqvi Wednesday, August 13, 014 Page: 1 Q1. A string, f length 0.75 m and fixed at bth ends, is vibrating in its fundamental mde. The maximum transverse speed
More informationECE 2100 Circuit Analysis
ECE 2100 Circuit Analysis Lessn 25 Chapter 9 & App B: Passive circuit elements in the phasr representatin Daniel M. Litynski, Ph.D. http://hmepages.wmich.edu/~dlitynsk/ ECE 2100 Circuit Analysis Lessn
More informationOscillator. Introduction of Oscillator Linear Oscillator. Stability. Wien Bridge Oscillator RC Phase-Shift Oscillator LC Oscillator
Oscillatr Intrductin f Oscillatr Linear Oscillatr Wien Bridge Oscillatr Phase-Shift Oscillatr L Oscillatr Stability Oscillatrs Oscillatin: an effect that repeatedly and regularly fluctuates abut the mean
More informationQ1. A string of length L is fixed at both ends. Which one of the following is NOT a possible wavelength for standing waves on this string?
Term: 111 Thursday, January 05, 2012 Page: 1 Q1. A string f length L is fixed at bth ends. Which ne f the fllwing is NOT a pssible wavelength fr standing waves n this string? Q2. λ n = 2L n = A) 4L B)
More informationA Novel Isolated Buck-Boost Converter
vel slated uck-st Cnverter S-Sek Kim *,WOO-J JG,JOOG-HO SOG, Ok-K Kang, and Hee-Jn Kim ept. f Electrical Eng., Seul atinal University f Technlgy, Krea Schl f Electrical and Cmputer Eng., Hanyang University,
More informationSynchronous Motor V-Curves
Synchrnus Mtr V-Curves 1 Synchrnus Mtr V-Curves Intrductin Synchrnus mtrs are used in applicatins such as textile mills where cnstant speed peratin is critical. Mst small synchrnus mtrs cntain squirrel
More informationGENERAL FORMULAS FOR FLAT-TOPPED WAVEFORMS. J.e. Sprott. Plasma Studies. University of Wisconsin
GENERAL FORMULAS FOR FLAT-TOPPED WAVEFORMS J.e. Sprtt PLP 924 September 1984 Plasma Studies University f Wiscnsin These PLP Reprts are infrmal and preliminary and as such may cntain errrs nt yet eliminated.
More informationPotential and Capacitance
Ptential and apacitance Electric Ptential Electric ptential (V) = Electric ptential energy (U e ) per unit charge () Define: ptential energy U e = 0 at infinity (r = ) lim U 0 r e Nte the similarity f
More informationLECTURES 4 AND 5 THREE-PHASE CONNECTIONS (1)
ECE 330 POWER CIRCUITS AND ELECTROMECHANICS LECTURES 4 AND 5 THREEPHASE CONNECTIONS (1) AcknwledgmentThese handuts and lecture ntes given in class are based n material frm Prf. Peter Sauer s ECE 330 lecture
More informationSTUDENT NAME: STUDENT id #: WORK ONLY 5 QUESTIONS
GENERAL PHYSICS PH -A (MIROV) Exam 3 (03/31/15) STUDENT NAME: STUDENT i #: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationBASIC DIRECT-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS
Brwn University Physics 0040 Intrductin BASIC DIRECT-CURRENT MEASUREMENTS The measurements described here illustrate the peratin f resistrs and capacitrs in electric circuits, and the use f sme standard
More informationChapter 9: Quantization of Light
Chapter 9: Quantizatin Light 9.1 Planck s Quantum Thery 9.1.1 Distinguish between Planck s quantum thery and classical thery energy The undatin the Planck s quantum thery is a thery black bdy radiatin.
More informationCHAPTER 2. EE 5344 Intro to MEMS - Interface Circuitry. ( x)
Open Lp vs lsed Lp Gain HAPTE EE 53 Intr t MEMS - Interface ircuitry v () s G () s Y () s Y ( s) G( s) ( s) pen Lp n feedback v ( S ) - G () s Y () s e ( s) ( s) Y ( s) H ( s) Y ( s) G( s) e( s) () s H
More informationRevision: August 19, E Main Suite D Pullman, WA (509) Voice and Fax
.7.4: Direct frequency dmain circuit analysis Revisin: August 9, 00 5 E Main Suite D Pullman, WA 9963 (509) 334 6306 ice and Fax Overview n chapter.7., we determined the steadystate respnse f electrical
More informationW V. (d) W. (3) Which one is used to determine the internal resistance of a cell
[CHAPT-13 CUNT LCTICITY] www.prfaminz.cm MULTIPL CHOIC QUSTIONS (1) In carbn resistr the gld band indicates tlerance f (a) 5% (b) % 0% (d) 10% () The wrk dne t mve a psitive charge frm ne pint t anther
More informationHarmonic Motion (HM) Oscillation with Laminar Damping
Harnic Mtin (HM) Oscillatin with Lainar Daping If yu dn t knw the units f a quantity yu prbably dn t understand its physical significance. Siple HM r r Hke' s Law: F k x definitins: f T / T / Bf x A sin
More informationIntroduction to Three-phase Circuits. Balanced 3-phase systems Unbalanced 3-phase systems
Intrductin t Three-hase Circuits Balanced 3-hase systems Unbalanced 3-hase systems 1 Intrductin t 3-hase systems Single-hase tw-wire system: Single surce cnnected t a lad using tw-wire system Single-hase
More informationSchedule. Time Varying electromagnetic fields (1 Week) 6.1 Overview 6.2 Faraday s law (6.2.1 only) 6.3 Maxwell s equations
chedule Time Varying electrmagnetic fields (1 Week) 6.1 Overview 6.2 Faraday s law (6.2.1 nly) 6.3 Maxwell s equatins Wave quatin (3 Week) 6.5 Time-Harmnic fields 7.1 Overview 7.2 Plane Waves in Lssless
More informationPHYS College Physics II Final Examination Review
PHYS 1402- Cllege Physics II Final Examinatin Review The final examinatin will be based n the fllwing Chapters/Sectins and will cnsist f tw parts. Part 1, cnsisting f Multiple Chice questins, will accunt
More informationChapter 3. AC Machinery Fundamentals. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 3 AC Machinery Fundamentals 1 The Vltage Induced in a Rtating Lp e v B ind v = velcity f the cnductr B = Magnetic Flux Density vectr l = Length f the Cnductr Figure 3-1 A simple rtating lp in a
More informationQ1. In figure 1, Q = 60 µc, q = 20 µc, a = 3.0 m, and b = 4.0 m. Calculate the total electric force on q due to the other 2 charges.
Phys10 Secnd Majr-08 Zer Versin Crdinatr: Dr. I. M. Nasser Saturday, May 3, 009 Page: 1 Q1. In figure 1, Q = 60 µc, q = 0 µc, a = 3.0 m, and b = 4.0 m. Calculate the ttal electric frce n q due t the ther
More informationCBSE Board Class XII Physics Set 1 Board Paper 2008 (Solution)
CBSE Bard Class XII Physics Set 1 Bard Paper 2008 (Slutin) 1. The frce is given by F qv B This frce is at right angles t &. 2. Micrwaves. It is used in radar & cmmunicatin purpses. 3. Or As m e e m S,
More informationPower Flow in Electromagnetic Waves. The time-dependent power flow density of an electromagnetic wave is given by the instantaneous Poynting vector
Pwer Flw in Electrmagnetic Waves Electrmagnetic Fields The time-dependent pwer flw density f an electrmagnetic wave is given by the instantaneus Pynting vectr P t E t H t ( ) = ( ) ( ) Fr time-varying
More informationPHYSICS CLASS - XII CBSE BOARD PAPER SOLUTION (SET 2) λ = 4 10 m
() PHYSICS CLSS - XII CBSE BD PPER SOLUTION (SET ). Sl. Diamagnetic materials have a tendency t repel magnetic field lines while paramagnetic materials attract magnetic field lines.. Sl. Let e = emf f
More informationElectric Current and Resistance
Electric Current and Resistance Electric Current Electric current is the rate f flw f charge thrugh sme regin f space The SI unit f current is the ampere (A) 1 A = 1 C / s The symbl fr electric current
More informationLecture 15. Physics 1202: Lecture 15 Today s Agenda
Physics 1202: Lecture 15 Tday s Agenda Annuncements: Team prblems tday Team 7: Cailin Catarina, Matthew Canapetti, Kervin Vincent Team 8: Natalie Kasir, Adam Antunes, Quincy Alexander Team 9: Garrett Schlegel,
More informationALTERNATING CURRENT
ATENATING UENT Important oints:. The alternating current (A) is generally expressed as ( ) I I sin ω t + φ Where i peak value of alternating current.. emf of an alternating current source is generally
More informationNUMBERS, MATHEMATICS AND EQUATIONS
AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM PHYSICS GETTING STARTED WITH PHYSICS NUMBERS, MATHEMATICS AND EQUATIONS An integral part t the understanding f ur physical wrld is the use f mathematical mdels which can be used t
More informationChapter 16. Capacitance. Capacitance, cont. Parallel-Plate Capacitor, Example 1/20/2011. Electric Energy and Capacitance
summary C = ε A / d = πε L / ln( b / a ) ab C = 4πε 4πε a b a b >> a Chapter 16 Electric Energy and Capacitance Capacitance Q=CV Parallel plates, caxial cables, Earth Series and parallel 1 1 1 = + +..
More informationEXPERIMENT NO : EM I/1
EE 491 ELECTRCL MCHE LB. MUL EXPERMET O : EM /1 TTLE STUDY THE CHRCTERSTCS OF SEPRTELY EXCTED DC GEERTOR OBJECTE : T plt the fllwing characteristics f a separately excited DC generatr. lad characteristics
More informationPhysics 142 AC Circuits Page 1. AC Circuits. I ve had a perfectly lovely evening but this wasn t it. Groucho Marx
Physics 142 A ircuits Page 1 A ircuits I ve had a perfectly lovely evening but this wasn t it. Groucho Marx Alternating current: generators and values It is relatively easy to devise a source (a generator
More informationHonors Physics Final Review Summary
Hnrs Physics Final Review Summary Wrk Dne By A Cnstant Frce: Wrk describes a frce s tendency t change the speed f an bject. Wrk is dne nly when an bject mves in respnse t a frce, and a cmpnent f the frce
More information1.1 The main transmission network of Eskom The classical two generator model 11
LIST OF FIGURS Figure Page 1.1 The main transmissin netwrk f skm 4 2.1 The classical tw generatr mdel 11 2.2 Obtaining the lcatin f the electrical centre. The line cnnecting A with B represents the netwrk
More informationA Comparison of AC/DC Piezoelectric Transformer Converters with Current Doubler and Voltage Doubler Rectifiers
A Cmparisn f AC/DC Piezelectric Transfrmer Cnverters with Current Dubler and ltage Dubler Rectifiers Gregry vensky, Svetlana Brnstein and Sam Ben-Yaakv* Pwer Electrnics abratry Department f Electrical
More informationELECTROSTATIC FIELDS IN MATERIAL MEDIA
MF LCTROSTATIC FILDS IN MATRIAL MDIA 3/4/07 LCTURS Materials media may be classified in terms f their cnductivity σ (S/m) as: Cnductrs The cnductivity usually depends n temperature and frequency A material
More informationECE 546 Lecture 02 Review of Electromagnetics
C 546 Lecture 0 Review f lectrmagnetics Spring 018 Jse. Schutt-Aine lectrical & Cmputer ngineering University f Illinis jesa@illinis.edu C 546 Jse Schutt Aine 1 Printed Circuit Bard C 546 Jse Schutt Aine
More informationFourier Analysis, Low Pass Filters, Decibels
Lecture 8 Furier Analysis, Lw Pass Filters, Decibels ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS, Furth Edit, by Allan R. Hambley, 008 Pearsn Educat, Inc. Chapter 6 Frequency Respnse, Bde Plts,
More informationPart a: Writing the nodal equations and solving for v o gives the magnitude and phase response: tan ( 0.25 )
+ - Hmewrk 0 Slutin ) In the circuit belw: a. Find the magnitude and phase respnse. b. What kind f filter is it? c. At what frequency is the respnse 0.707 if the generatr has a ltage f? d. What is the
More informationChapter 23 Electromagnetic Waves Lecture 14
Chapter 23 Electrmagnetic Waves Lecture 14 23.1 The Discvery f Electrmagnetic Waves 23.2 Prperties f Electrmagnetic Waves 23.3 Electrmagnetic Waves Carry Energy and Mmentum 23.4 Types f Electrmagnetic
More informationLecture 02 CSE 40547/60547 Computing at the Nanoscale
PN Junctin Ntes: Lecture 02 CSE 40547/60547 Cmputing at the Nanscale Letʼs start with a (very) shrt review f semi-cnducting materials: - N-type material: Obtained by adding impurity with 5 valence elements
More informationNWACC Dept of Mathematics Dept Final Exam Review for Trig - Part 3 Trigonometry, 9th Edition; Lial, Hornsby, Schneider Fall 2008
NWACC Dept f Mathematics Dept Final Exam Review fr Trig - Part Trignmetry, 9th Editin; Lial, Hrnsby, Schneider Fall 008 Departmental Objectives: Departmental Final Exam Review fr Trignmetry Part : Chapters
More informationFields and Waves I. Lecture 3
Fields and Waves I ecture 3 Input Impedance n Transmissin ines K. A. Cnnr Electrical, Cmputer, and Systems Engineering Department Rensselaer Plytechnic Institute, Try, NY These Slides Were Prepared by
More informationCHAPTER 5. Solutions for Exercises
HAPTE 5 Slutins fr Exercises E5. (a We are given v ( t 50 cs(00π t 30. The angular frequency is the cefficient f t s we have ω 00π radian/s. Then f ω / π 00 Hz T / f 0 ms m / 50 / 06. Furthermre, v(t attains
More informationI. Analytical Potential and Field of a Uniform Rod. V E d. The definition of electric potential difference is
Length L>>a,b,c Phys 232 Lab 4 Ch 17 Electric Ptential Difference Materials: whitebards & pens, cmputers with VPythn, pwer supply & cables, multimeter, crkbard, thumbtacks, individual prbes and jined prbes,
More informationHeat Management Methodology for Successful UV Processing on Heat Sensitive Substrates
Heat Management Methdlgy fr Successful UV Prcessing n Heat Sensitive Substrates Juliet Midlik Prime UV Systems Abstract: Nw in 2005, UV systems pssess heat management cntrls that fine tune the exthermic
More informationINDUCTANCE Self Inductance
DUCTCE 3. Sef nductance Cnsider the circuit shwn in the Figure. S R When the switch is csed the current, and s the magnetic fied, thrugh the circuit increases frm zer t a specific vaue. The increasing
More informationChapter 2 SOUND WAVES
Chapter SOUND WAVES Intrductin: A sund wave (r pressure r cmpressin wave) results when a surface (layer f mlecules) mves back and frth in a medium prducing a sequence f cmpressins C and rarefactins R.
More informationFigure 1a. A planar mechanism.
ME 5 - Machine Design I Fall Semester 0 Name f Student Lab Sectin Number EXAM. OPEN BOOK AND CLOSED NOTES. Mnday, September rd, 0 Write n ne side nly f the paper prvided fr yur slutins. Where necessary,
More informationPhys102 Final-061 Zero Version Coordinator: Nasser Wednesday, January 24, 2007 Page: 1
Crdinatr: Nasser Wednesday, January 4, 007 Page: 1 Q1. Tw transmitters, S 1 and S shwn in the figure, emit identical sund waves f wavelength λ. The transmitters are separated by a distance λ /. Cnsider
More informationSimulation of Push-pull Multi-output Quasi-resonant Converter
IOSR Jurnal f Electrical and Electrnics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-issn: 78-1676,p-ISSN: 3-3331, Vlue 9, Issue 1 Ver. V (Feb. 14), PP 19-4 Siulatin f Push-pull Multi-utput Quasi-resnant Cnverter T.Anitha
More informationBicycle Generator Dump Load Control Circuit: An Op Amp Comparator with Hysteresis
Bicycle Generatr Dump Lad Cntrl Circuit: An Op Amp Cmparatr with Hysteresis Sustainable Technlgy Educatin Prject University f Waterl http://www.step.uwaterl.ca December 1, 2009 1 Summary This dcument describes
More informationOBJECTIVE To investigate the parallel connection of R, L, and C. 1 Electricity & Electronics Constructor EEC470
Assignment 7 Paallel Resnance OBJECTIVE T investigate the paallel cnnectin f R,, and C. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED Qty Appaatus 1 Electicity & Electnics Cnstuct EEC470 1 Basic Electicity and Electnics Kit EEC471-1
More information[COLLEGE ALGEBRA EXAM I REVIEW TOPICS] ( u s e t h i s t o m a k e s u r e y o u a r e r e a d y )
(Abut the final) [COLLEGE ALGEBRA EXAM I REVIEW TOPICS] ( u s e t h i s t m a k e s u r e y u a r e r e a d y ) The department writes the final exam s I dn't really knw what's n it and I can't very well
More informationInterference is when two (or more) sets of waves meet and combine to produce a new pattern.
Interference Interference is when tw (r mre) sets f waves meet and cmbine t prduce a new pattern. This pattern can vary depending n the riginal wave directin, wavelength, amplitude, etc. The tw mst extreme
More informationUnit/Comments. %; Equal Output Loads %; Equal Output Loads Full Load
600 series Single, Dual, Triple DC/DC Cnverter DESCRIPTIONS The 600 series 6 watts high perfrmance DC/DC cnverters are cst effective slutin t the high reliability and perfrmance requirements f pwer distributin
More informationPhy 213: General Physics III 6/14/2007 Chapter 28 Worksheet 1
Ph 13: General Phsics III 6/14/007 Chapter 8 Wrksheet 1 Magnetic Fields & Frce 1. A pint charge, q= 510 C and m=110-3 m kg, travels with a velcit f: v = 30 ˆ s i then enters a magnetic field: = 110 T ˆj.
More informationZVS Boost Converter. (a) (b) Fig 6.29 (a) Quasi-resonant boost converter with M-type switch. (b) Equivalent circuit.
EEL6246 Pwer Electrnics II Chapter 6 Lecture 6 Dr. Sam Abdel-Rahman ZVS Bst Cnverter The quasi-resnant bst cnverter by using the M-type switch as shwn in Fig. 6.29(a) with its simplified circuit shwn in
More informationData Sheet. ACPL-8x7 Multi-Channel Full-Pitch Phototransistor Optocoupler. Description. Features. ACPL-827 pin layout.
ACPL-8x7 Multi-Channel ull-pitch Phttransistr Optcupler Data Sheet Lead (Pb) ree RHS 6 fully cmpliant RHS 6 fully cmpliant ptins available; -xxxe dentes a lead-free prduct Descriptin The ACPL-827 is a
More informationCIRCUIT ANALYSIS II Chapter 1 Sinusoidal Alternating Waveforms and Phasor Concept. Sinusoidal Alternating Waveforms and
U ANAYSS hapter Snusdal Alternatng Wavefrs and Phasr ncept Snusdal Alternatng Wavefrs and Phasr ncept ONNS. Snusdal Alternatng Wavefrs.. General Frat fr the Snusdal ltage & urrent.. Average alue..3 ffectve
More informationMATHEMATICS SYLLABUS SECONDARY 5th YEAR
Eurpean Schls Office f the Secretary-General Pedaggical Develpment Unit Ref. : 011-01-D-8-en- Orig. : EN MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS SECONDARY 5th YEAR 6 perid/week curse APPROVED BY THE JOINT TEACHING COMMITTEE
More information2004 AP CHEMISTRY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS
2004 AP CHEMISTRY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS 6. An electrchemical cell is cnstructed with an pen switch, as shwn in the diagram abve. A strip f Sn and a strip f an unknwn metal, X, are used as electrdes.
More informationSolution to HW14 Fall-2002
Slutin t HW14 Fall-2002 CJ5 10.CQ.003. REASONING AND SOLUTION Figures 10.11 and 10.14 shw the velcity and the acceleratin, respectively, the shadw a ball that underges unirm circular mtin. The shadw underges
More informationNGSS High School Physics Domain Model
NGSS High Schl Physics Dmain Mdel Mtin and Stability: Frces and Interactins HS-PS2-1: Students will be able t analyze data t supprt the claim that Newtn s secnd law f mtin describes the mathematical relatinship
More informationWork, Energy, and Power
rk, Energy, and Pwer Physics 1 There are many different TYPES f Energy. Energy is expressed in JOULES (J 419J 4.19 1 calrie Energy can be expressed mre specifically by using the term ORK( rk The Scalar
More informationThe simplest type of alternating current is one which varies with time simple harmonically. It is represented by
ALTERNATING CURRENTS. Alternating Current and Alternating EMF An alternating current is one whose magnitude changes continuously with time between zero and a maximum value and whose direction reverses
More informationCapacitance. Applications of Electric Potential. Capacitors in Kodak Cameras 3/17/2014. AP Physics B
3/7/04 apacitance P Physics B pplicatins f Electric Ptential Is there any way we can use a set f plates with an electric fiel? YES! We can make what is calle a Parallel Plate apacitr an Stre harges between
More informationKinetics of Particles. Chapter 3
Kinetics f Particles Chapter 3 1 Kinetics f Particles It is the study f the relatins existing between the frces acting n bdy, the mass f the bdy, and the mtin f the bdy. It is the study f the relatin between
More informationMODULE 1. e x + c. [You can t separate a demominator, but you can divide a single denominator into each numerator term] a + b a(a + b)+1 = a + b
. REVIEW OF SOME BASIC ALGEBRA MODULE () Slving Equatins Yu shuld be able t slve fr x: a + b = c a d + e x + c and get x = e(ba +) b(c a) d(ba +) c Cmmn mistakes and strategies:. a b + c a b + a c, but
More information11. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER
11. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER Very shrt answer and shrt answer questins 1. Define wrk functin f a metal? The minimum energy required fr an electrn t escape frm the metal surface is called the
More informationPhys101 Final Code: 1 Term: 132 Wednesday, May 21, 2014 Page: 1
Phys101 Final Cde: 1 Term: 1 Wednesday, May 1, 014 Page: 1 Q1. A car accelerates at.0 m/s alng a straight rad. It passes tw marks that are 0 m apart at times t = 4.0 s and t = 5.0 s. Find the car s velcity
More informationAP Physics Kinematic Wrap Up
AP Physics Kinematic Wrap Up S what d yu need t knw abut this mtin in tw-dimensin stuff t get a gd scre n the ld AP Physics Test? First ff, here are the equatins that yu ll have t wrk with: v v at x x
More information12 Chapter Driven RLC Circuits
hapter Driven ircuits. A Sources... -. A ircuits with a Source and One ircuit Element... -3.. Purely esistive oad... -3.. Purely Inductive oad... -6..3 Purely apacitive oad... -8.3 The Series ircuit...
More informationFlipping Physics Lecture Notes: Simple Harmonic Motion Introduction via a Horizontal Mass-Spring System
Flipping Physics Lecture Ntes: Simple Harmnic Mtin Intrductin via a Hrizntal Mass-Spring System A Hrizntal Mass-Spring System is where a mass is attached t a spring, riented hrizntally, and then placed
More informationAIP Logic Chapter 4 Notes
AIP Lgic Chapter 4 Ntes Sectin 4.1 Sectin 4.2 Sectin 4.3 Sectin 4.4 Sectin 4.5 Sectin 4.6 Sectin 4.7 4.1 The Cmpnents f Categrical Prpsitins There are fur types f categrical prpsitins. Prpsitin Letter
More informationTime varying fields and Maxwell's equations Chapter 9
Tie varying fields and Maxwell's equatins hapter 9 Dr. Naser Abu-Zaid Page 9/7/202 FARADAY LAW OF ELETROMAGNETI INDUTION A tie varying agnetic field prduces (induces) a current in a clsed lp f wire. The
More informationM thematics. National 5 Practice Paper D. Paper 1. Duration 1 hour. Total marks 40
N5 M thematics Natinal 5 Practice Paper D Paper 1 Duratin 1 hur Ttal marks 40 Yu may NOT use a calculatr Attempt all the questins. Use blue r black ink. Full credit will nly be given t slutins which cntain
More information