I N D E X. Smart Technologies_Gigabyte Front Inside

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14 B f U ev`j Lvb 20 A ±vei e n úwzevi Nwoi KvUv ZLb `kuv QyuB QyuB j ^v jvb b `vwo q kz kz z ji wk v_x iv mevi gy LB dz U D V Q gjvi wfz i cö e ki Zvov gjvq cö e ki QvÆ AvbyôvwbKZv kl K ib evevgv ev fvb qi nvz Q o GK QyU MšÍe gjvi PviwU nj wzb w`b Ggb ` k `Lv M Q ivravbxi B Uvib vkbvj Kb fbkb wmwu emyüiv Z (AvBwmwmwe) 19 _ K 21 A ±vei ch ší ` ki me P q eo cöhyw³ Drme ÔwWwRUvj Iqvì 2016Õ AbywôZ n q Q GB AvšÍR vwzk njwu Z evsjv `k Kw úduvi KvDwÝj (wewmwm), evsjv `k A v mvwm qkb Ae mduiq vi A vû Bbdi gkb mvwf mm ( ewmm) Ges GK mm Uz Bbdi gkb (GUzAvB) Gi hš_ D ` v M AbywôZ nq GB Av qvrb D Øvab: 19 A ±vei mkv j ivravbxi AvšÍR vwzk Kb fbkb wmwu emyüivõi jbkkv n j wzb w`be vcx GB Av qvr bi D Øvab K ib cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv AvBwmwU cöwzgš x Rybv q` Avn g` cj Ki mfcwz Z D Øvabx Abyôv b AviI e³ Zv K ib WvK, Uwj hvmv hvm I Z_ cöhyw³ gš Yvjq m úwk Z msm`xq vqx KwgwUi mfvcwz Bgivb Avn g`, cöavbgš xi Kvh vj qi gnvcwipvjk (cökvmb) I A vk mm Uz Bbdi gkb (GUzAvB) Kg m~wpi cwipvjk Kwei web Av bvqvi, Z_ I hvmv hvm cöhyw³ wefv Mi mwpe k vg my `i wkk`vi, wewmwm wbe vnx cwipvjk Gm Gg Avkivdzj Bmjvg Ges evsjv `k A v mvwm qkb Ae mduiq vi A vû Bbd g kb mvwf mm ( ewmm) mfvcwz gv Ídv ReŸvi mwgbvi I mkb: wwwruvj Iqvì 2016 G wzb w` b gvu 18wU mwgbvi I mkb AbywôZ nq D jøl hvm wkqy wm gbvi I mkb Zz j aiv n jv wgwbw ªqvj Kbdv iý Ôwgwbw ªqvj Kbdv iýõ kxl K GB m j b 7wU ` ki gš x QvovI `kx-we `wk Z_ cöhyw³ mev`vzv cöwzôv bi cöwzwbwaiv Ask bb gš x ch v qi IB m j b ` ki mvwe K Z_ cöhyw³ mev I Kg KvÛ wb q g~j cöeü Dc vcb K ib cöavbgš xi Z_ cöhyw³ welqk Dc `óv mrxe Iqv R` Rq G mgq ` ki Z_ cöhyw³ Lv Z wewb qvm Ki Z we `kx `i AvnŸvb Rvwb q Rq e jb, Avgiv ` ki Z_ cöhyw³ Lv Zi AeKvVv gv Dbœqb Ae vnz i LwQ Avgv `i GLv b mewkqyb cö Z, Avcbviv we b qvm KiæY Abyôv b cöwzwu ` ki gš x Zv `i wbr ` ki Z_ cöhyw³i ez gvb Ae vb Zz j a ib Ges evsjv ` ki Z_ cöhyw³ Lv Zi mdjzvi cöksmv K ib cöavbgš xi gyl mwpe Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv `i mâvjbvq Abyôv b wbr wbr ` ki Z_ cöhyw³ Lv Zi Ae v Zz j a ib fzuv bi Z_ cöhyw³ gš x jvb qvb cv `v ½j, gvjøx ci A_ gš x gvnv v` Avmgv j, bcv ji Z_ cöhyw³ gš x my i `Ö Kzgvi, mšw` Avi ei cwikíbv I Dbœqb welqk gš x b f ^i

15 B f U W. Lvwj` Gd Av jvzvbwe, mywibv gi hvmv hvm Ges ch Ub gš x Av `Övm iæmj vû, DMvÛvi Z_ cöhyw³ gš xi cöwzwbwa fvi Z wbhy³ DMvÛvi nvb-kwgkbvi GwjRv e_ cjv Ges wf qzbv gi Z_ cöhyw³ gš x nvs wrs evi mšw` Avi ei cwikíbv I Dbœqb welqk gš x W. Lvwj` Gd Av jvzvbwe evsjv `k _ K mšw` Avi e Z_ cöhyw³ Z ` Rbkw³ bqvi welqwu we epbv Ki eb e j Rvbvb bcv ji Z_ cöhyw³ gš x my i `Ö Kzgvi KvwK Abyôv b mevb K AevK K i evsjvq e³e `qv ïiæ K ib wzwb e jb, f`ªgwnjv, f`ªrb GUv e½eüzi gvwu GB gvwu A_ vr `k K wwwruvj Kivi Rb iæckí-2021 GKwU cöksmbxq D ` vm wwwruvj evsjv `k: cvm ckwuf vu XvKv wwwruvj Iqv ì i wøzxq w`b 20 A ±vei ÔwWwRUvj evsjv `k : cvm ckwuf vu XvKvÕ kxl K mwgbvi AbywôZ nq G Z cöavb AwZw_ wn m e Dcw Z wq jb XvKv `w Y wmwu K c v ik bi gqi mvc` LvKb mwgbv i mvc` LvKb e jb, G eqi cwi vi XvKv Movi cökí nv Z bqv n qwqj Ges Avgiv muv Z gvuvgywu mdj Avkv Kwi RbM Yi mn hvwmzvq 2017 mv j vu XvKv Movi KvR ïiæ Kiv m e n e wzwb e jb, GUv mz h PvB j Lye mn RB XvKv K wm½vcyi evbv bv hv e bv, ax i ax i KvR Ki Z n e G Î RbMY K GwM q Avm Z n e B Zvg a XvKvq GjBwW jvbu, wmwm K v giv, wewfbœ Rvqovq K Uªvj iæg, MÖxb wewìs Ges wewfbœ RvqMvq wd«iqvbdvb Rvb ˆZwi Kiv n q Q Z_ cöhyw³ wefv Mi mwpe wmk`vi e jb k vg 28 b f ^i 2016 my `i e jb, Mvwoi PvjKiv mwvkfv e wbqg Kvbyb g b P j bv GRb mwvk bxwzgvjv `ikvi wikkv PvjK `i XvKv _ K bv Zvwo q Zv `i Rb Avjv`v Kg ms vb Ki Z n e Ges dzucv Zi jvk `i Rb evm vb ˆZwi Ki Z n e RbM Yi m PZbZvq vu XvKv wmwu M o Zvjv m e GUzAvB cök íi cwipvjk (B bv fkb) gv ÍvwdRyi ingv bi mâvjbvq ÔwWwRUvj evsjv `k : cvm ckwuf vu XvKvÕ kxl K mwgbv i AviI Dcw Z wq jb wek e vs Ki civgk K BkvK wkg, wrwub K c v ik bi R ô cwikík Rv nb q, fbi Ki R ô Dc `óv wipvw Kviwemn AviI A b K AvBwmwU K vwiqvi K v ú wwwruvj Iqv ì i AvBwmwU Z K vwiqvi Mo Z Pvb Zv `i Rb gjvi wøzxq w`b we K j AbywôZ nq ÔAvBwmwU K vwiqvi K v úõ Abyôv b cöavb AwZw_i e³ e weávb I cöhyw³ gš x cwz Bqv dm Imgvb e jb, K jr I wek we` vj qi wkw Z ZiæY-ZiæYx `i Z_ cöhyw³ Z cöwk Y MÖn Yi Rb GwM q Avmvi Avn&evb Rvwb q e jb, wwwruvj evsjv `k Movq Ae`vb ivl Z n j wkw Z ZiæY-ZiæYx `i Z_ cöhyw³ Z cöwkw Z niqv Qvov Kv bv wekí bb ez gvb mikv ii j n Q DbœZ `k jvi m ½ mgvb Zv j GwM q Pjv RbwcÖq jlk I kvnvrvjvj weávb I cöhyw³ wek we` vj qi Kw úduvi weávb wefv Mi Aa vck Rvdi BKevj e jb, AvBwmwU m± ii Rb ` Rbe ji Afve i q Q mikvi G wel q KvR Ki Q AvkvKwi Zviv AvMvgx Z ` ki Rb GB AvBwmwU m± i we kl Aev`vb ivl e AskMÖnYKvix `i D Ï k wzwb e jb Zvgiv fv jv wkqy K iv Ges ` ki Rb Ae`vb ivlvi Rb KvR K i hvi Abyôv b e³viv e jb, ez gv b ` k AvBwU ckvrxexi msl v mvz jvl mikvi 2021 mv ji g a G msl v 20 jv L DbœxZ Ki Z Pvq GRb bqv n q Q bvbv Kvh µg AvBwU wk íi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx GjAvBwmwU cök íi gva g Z_ cöhyw³ Z wek^gv bi cöwk Yi gva g 45 nvrvi ` gvbem ú` M o Zyj Q `ke vcx cöwk Y Kvh µg Ae vnz i q Q GQvov jvwb s A vû Avwb s W fjc g U cök íi gva g 55 nvrvi wd«j vývi ˆZwii cöwk Y Pjgvb i q Q wewmwm Z Ae vnzfv e Z_ cöhyw³i bvbv wel q cöwk Y `qv n Q wzb c e i mwgbv i AviI Dcw Z wq jb AvBwmwU wefv Mi AwZwi³ mwpe nviæbyi iwk`, wewmwmi wbe vnx cwipvjk Gm Gg Avkivdzj Bmjvg, ewm mi cwipvjk mvwbqv ewki Kwei, evmwzg WUK gi cöavb wbe vnx Kg KZ v ˆmq`v Kvgiæb Avn g` cögyl Z_ cöhyw³i gva g A_ bwzk Dbœqb gjvi wøzxq w`b ÔZ_ cöhyw³i gva g A_ bwzk DbœqbÕ kxl K mwgbvi AbywôZ nq mwgbv i cöavb AwZw_ wn m e Dcw Z wq jb mikv ii A_ vqb I e vswks wefv Mi mwpe BDbym ingvb G mgq wzwb e jb, cöhyw³ Avgv `i cwikög, mgq I UvKv euvpvq, ZvB Avgv `i Gi myweav wb Z n e Avi wdb vwýqvj mvwf mi mv _ hz ewk

16 B f U UK bv jvwr mswkøó n e RbMY ZZ ewk DcK Z n e mikvi mwgbv i evsjv ` ki Z Yg~j gvby li Kv Q e vswks mev cuš Q w` Z evwbwr K e vsk jv K cöhyw³i gva g mev cö`vb Ki Z n e e j g b K ib mswkøó Lv Zi we kláiv mwgbv i e³viv AviI e jb ÔcÖhyw³i gva g e vswks mev K AviI ewk RbM bi Kv Q cušqv bv hvq hvi D`vniY n jv gvevbj dv bi gva g A_ vbvší i Avgv `i ` k RbM Yi m ú ³Zv Abyôv b we kl AwZw_i e³ e evsjv `k e vs Ki WcywU MfY i Avey nbv gvnv ` ivrx nvmvb e jb, Avgv `i ` ki wi qj GwM q hv Q wwwruvj evsjv ` ki wbivcëv wbwð Zi j B Zvg a wwwruvj wbivcëv AvB bi GKwU Lmov Aby gv`b n q Q wkmwmib AvBbwU cvk n Z hv Q Avmv`y¾vgvb Lvb Kvgvj AviI e jb, R½xev`mn mvbevi Aciva `g b XvKv g UªvcwjUb cywj ki KvD Uvi U ivwirg A vû UªvÝb vkbvj µvbg BDwb Ui mvbevi wmwkdwiwu A vû µvbg wwwfkb wbibšíi KvR K i hv Q GQvov c b vmövwd wbqš Yi Rb 2012 mv j cöyxz c b vmövwd wbqš Y AvBb Ges cywj ki wµwgbvj Bb fw Mkb wwcvu g U GKwU wwwruvj d ibwmk cwipvjk Gm Gg Avkivdzj Bmjvg AviI Dcw Z wq jb ewm mi cwipvjk ˆmq` Avjgvm Kwei cögyl wwwruvj cöwk Y evm cöavbgš x kl nvwmbv ÔAvBwmwUi gva g UKmB bvix Dbœq bi Rb wwwruvj cöwk Y evm cökíõ D Øvab K ib AvBwmwU wefvm, gvevbj Acv iui iwe AvwRqvUv wjwg UW UvBg MÖm m Uj g U (AviwUwRGm) c wz BwZg a B A bk RbwcÖq n q D V Q gvj qwkqv, wm½vcyi _ K cvvv bv UvKv gvî 10 wgwb UB evsjv `k _ K D Ëvjb Kiv hvq GmeB m e n q Q cöhyw³i Kj v Y GUzAvBÕi cwjwm A vwfvbrvi Avwbi PŠayixi mâvjbvq Abyôv b AviI Dcw Z wq jb wekv ki cöavb wbe vnx Kvgvj Kvw`i, e vsk GwkqvÕi e e vcbv cwipvjk Avidvb Avwj, m Uvi di wwwruvj wdb vwýqvj BbK zmbõ-gi ww i±i wµkbvb avg vr vbmn `wk-we `wk AviI A bk AwZw_ ÔBD Avi bu mbd! wwwruvj di Gfwi wmwu RbÕ gjvi kl w` b ÔBD Avi bu mbd! wwwruvj di Gfwi wmwu RbÕ kxl K mwgbvi Av qvrb Kiv nq G Z cöavb AwZw_ wn m e Dcw Z wq jb ^ivóªgš x Avmv`y¾vgvb Lvb Kvgvj cöavb AwZw_i e³ e wzwb e jb, mvbevi wbivcëvq wenœ m wókvix I mvbevi Acivax `i gva g msnwuz mvbevi Aciva gvkv ejvq m gzv e w mn wwwruvj wbivcëv wbwðz Ki Z wwwruvj wbivcëv AvBb cöyxz n Q G mgq wzwb e jb, Z_ cöhyw³ Z evsjv `k Lye `ªæZZvi m ½ j ve iuwi cöwzôv Kiv n q Q hvi gva g cöwzwbqzb Acivax `i mbv³ Kiv n Q e j Rvbvb wzwb ^ivóªgš x e jb, Gme AvB bi gva g G ch ší wewfbœ _vbvq 1 nvrvi 612wU gvgjv n q Q hvi Avmvgx Kiv n q Q 5 nvrvi 449 Rb K GQvov wwwruvj wbivcëv AvBb cöyxz n j Acivax mbv³ Ges `g b ez gvb mikvi AviI mvdj AR b Ki e mwgbv i Z_ I hvmv hvm cöhyw³ cöwzgš x RybvB` Avn g` cjk e jb, ` ki cö Z K gvby li wbivc` B Uvi b Ui Rb Avgiv KvR KiwQ 16 KvwU gvby li mvbevi m PZbZv m wó KivB g~j j mwgbv i g~j cöeü Dc vcb K ib g Uªv bu evsjv ` ki wbivcëv M elk Avjgvm Rvgvb GQvov Abyôv bi mâvjbvq wq jb evsjv `k Kw úduvi KvDwÝ ji wbe vnx Ges AvBwmwU mjÿ kb mieivnkvix cöwzôvb ûqvi q UK bvjwrm (evsjv `k) wjwg UW hš_fv e GB cökí ev Íevqb Ki Q A_ gš x Aveyj gvj Avãyj gywnz, WvK I Uwj hvmv hvm Ges Z_ cöhyw³ gš bvjq m úwk Z msm`xq vqx KwgwUi mfvcwz Bgivb Avn g` Ggwc; Z_ I hvmv hvm cöhyw³ cöwzgš x RybvB` Avn g` cjk Ggwc; GUzAvB cökí cwipvjk Kwei web Av bvqvi; XvKv DËi wmwu K cv ik bi gqi Avwbmyj nk; XvKv `w Y wmwu K cv ik bi gqi gvnv ` mvc` LvKb; Z_ I hvmv hvm cöhyw³ wefv Mi mwpe k vg my `i wmk`vi; ewm mi cöwm W U gv Ídv RveŸvi; iwe AvwRqvUv wjwg U Wi wmbi gvnzvedwïb Avn g` Ges ûqvi q UK bvjwrm (evsjv `k) wjwg U Wi wmbi SvI nvddz Abyôv b Dcw Z wq jb wzb eqi mgq a i cökíwu ev ÍevwqZ n e cökíf ³ QqwU evm AvaywbK AvBwmwU cöwk Yi cwic~y myweav I hš cvwz w` q mvrv bv n e mvgvwrk cöwzeükzvmn bvbv Kvi Y h mkj bvixiv AvBwmwU cöwk Y wb Z cv i bv Zv `i GjvKvq G wwwruvj cöwk Y evm hv e mlv b Zviv Z_ cöhyw³ welqk cöwk Y MÖnY Ki Z cvi e AvBwmwU wefvm, iwe AvwRqvUv I ûqvi q `ybwu K i evm mieivn Ki e AvBwmwU wefv Mi mn hvwmzvq iwe Ges ûqvi q evm jvi i Yv e Y Ki e wzb eqie vcx cökíwu PjvKv j QqwU evm ` ki 64 Rjvq hv e G jv Z 2 jvl 40 nvrvi bvix cöwk Y MÖnY Ki Z cvi e e j Avkv Kiv n Q cökíwu AvBwmwU Lv Z b f ^i

17 B f U bvix D ` v³v ˆZwi Z MÖvgxY Rbc`mn mviv ` k e vck Drmvn ˆZwi Ki e e j Avkv Kiv n Q bvix Ges zj I K jrmvgx QvÎ-QvÎx `i g a AvBwmwU wk v K RbwcÖq Ki Z MÖvgxY GjvKvq ivw kv Kiv n e cöwzwu evm kxzvzcwbqwš Z, kãcöwz ivak Ges 25wU Avmbwewkó (IqvK kb) n e cöwz cöwk bv_ xi Rb GKwU j vcuc _vk e cöwk Y myweav AeKvVv gvi g a _vk e eo AvKv ii GjBwW w Œb, mvdû wm g, IqvBdvB WvUv myweav, we klvwqz cöwk Y gwwdj, klvi mduiqvi, Rbv iui cöwk Y DcKiY jv webvg~ j mieivn Kiv n e cöwk Y gwwdj Ges cöwk Ki e e v I Z`viwK Ki e AvBwmwU wefvm gjvi g a gjv ÔwWwRUvj Iqvì 2016Õ Av qvr b wqj GKB m ½ wzbwu gjv mikvwi mev cö`k b B- Mfb vý G cv, mduiq vi G cv Ges gvevbj B bv fkb G cv Zv `i bzzb me m wó, RwUj mduiq vi mwjdkb BZ vw` m ú K c~y v½ aviyv cviqv hvq gvevbj B bv fkb G cv: ez gv b evsjv ` ki Ab Zg GKwU m vebvgq LvZ n jv gvevbj B bv fkb G Lv Z evsjv ` ki DbœwZ µ gb evo Q gjvq gvevb ji m ½ m úwk Z evsjv `k Ges we k i A b KB Zv `i bzzb bzzb D veb cö`k b Kiv n q Q B-Kgvm gjv: B-Kgvm gjvq B Uvi bu wfwëk evwywr K cöwzôvb AskMÖnY K i vu Avc Rvb: D`xqgvb e emvwqk nv Z cyi vi Zz j `q wk v: cöwzôvb wefv M cyi vi c q Qb XvKv wek we` vjq Ges e w³ kvlvq cyi vi c q Qb W v dvwwj B Uvib vkbvj BDwbfvwm wui Kw úduvi mvbý A vû BwÄwbqvwis wefv Mi cöavb cö dmi W. ˆmq` AvLZvi mvnvbb ^v : cöwzôvb wefv M cyi vi c q Qb GgAvBGm, ^v Awa`ßi Ges e w³ ch vq cyi vi c q Qb GgAvBGm ^v Awa`ß ii gnvcwipvjk Aa vck Wv. Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv` K wl: K wl K vuvmwi Z cöwzôvb wefv M evsjv `k avb M elyv Bbw wudu Ges e w³ K vuvmwi Z wmivrmä Rjvi PŠnvwj Dc Rjv Dc Rjv K wl Kg KZ v gynv ` kvnv`r nvmvbb wmwïkx mvsevw`kzv: mvsevw`kzv wefv M cyi vi c q Qb gvwmk Kw úduvi RM Zi mnkvix m úv`k gvnv v` Ave`yj nk mduiq vi B bv fkb: cöwzôvb K vuvmwi Z cyi vi c q Q wif wm gm Ges e w³ K vuvmwi Z cyi vi c q Qb IqvwmBD UK bvjwri dqmvj Kwig B-Mfb vý G cv: gjvq 40wU gš Yvjq I `dzi AskMÖnY K i Zv `i wwwruvj mev cö`k b K i mduiq vi gjv: `kxq mduiq vi wbg vzv Kv úvwb jv Zv `i W fjc Kiv wewfbœ mev wb q nvwri nq wwwruvj Iqv ì G cö`k bx Z `kxq mduiq vi wk íi m gzv, 30 b f ^i 2016 Kv úvwb Z_v vu Avc jvi cy Ges mev Dc vc bi my hvm `Iqv nq Gev ii gjvq GLv b 18wU bzzb Kv úvwb AskMÖnY K i wwwruvj Iqvì 2016 wewfbœ wefv Mi cyi vi ÔwWwRUvj Iqvì 2016Õ mgvcyx Abyôv b Z_ I hvmv hvm cöhyw³ Z we kl Ae`vb ivlvi Rb wk v, ^v, K wl, mvsevw`kzv, mduiq vi B bv fkb, nvw Iq vi B bv fkb Ges bvmwik mev GB 7wU welq e w³ I cöwzôvb K vuvm i cyi vi `Iqv nq A_ gš x Aveyj gvj Ave`yj gywnz miv `i nvw Iq vi B bv fkb : cöwzôvb K vuvmwi Z cyi vi c q Qb Gcjg UK Ges e w³ K vuvmwi Z wm Gw m UK bvjwr Gi dviæk Avn g` K cyi vi `Iqv nq bvmwik mev: bvmwik mev wefv M Pvù cy ii Rjv cökvmk gv. Avãym meyi gûj, MvcvjM Äi Rjvi KvUvjxcvMv Dc Rjvi Dc Rjv wbe vnx Awdmvi wrjvj nv mb, wsbvb`n m`i Dc Rjvi mnkvix Kwgkbvi (fzwg) Dmgvb MwY, wmavbww, XvKv cywjk mycvi kl gv. irvdj nvq`vi Ges wmivrmä Rjvi KvRxcy i fvicövß Kg KZ v cywjk mwgz Kzgvi KzÛz K cyi vi cö`vb Kiv nq

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21 cöhyw³ cvvkvjv W. KvRx Bd&dvZ nk Avgv `i ˆ`bw `b Rxe b cöhyw³i e envi GLb e vck - W Uc, j vcuc, U ve ju, gvevbj dvb Gme GLb Avgv `i KvR Pvjv bvi Acwinvh A ½ cwiyz n q Q Gme wwfvbm, hv Avgv `i Kv Ri Kvh KvwiZv K qk Y evwo q w` q Q, Zvi mewkqyi g~ j i q Q wmwcbd (CPU, Central Processing Unit) A_ev m U«vj cö mmi, mvaviyz huv K Avgiv cö mmi e j Rvwb Kw úduvi A_ev gvevbj wwfvb m Avgiv hme cövmövg ev A vwcø Kkb e envi KiwQ- Zv wkš Pj Q cö mm ii Kw údwus gzvi Kvi YB AvaywbK Kv ji cö mmi K Avgiv gvb µvcö mmi e j Rvwb GKwU gvb µvcö mmi KZ `ªæZ KvR Ki Z cv i muv K Avgvi ewj cö mmi cvidi gý (performance) ïiæi w` K cvidi gý KZ evov bv hvq muvb wqj cö mmi wwrvb bi g~j j mg qi mv _ gvb µvcö mmi ˆZwii g~j cöhyw³ UªvbwR i- Gi w úw Ges mwgkûv±i wp c Gi NbZ evo Z _v K, Ges cö mmi wwrvb b bzyb bzyb wdpvi hvm n Z _v K - hwu cö mm ii cvidi gý DË ivëi evov Z mnvqzv K i GK mgq, U«vbwR ii w úw Avi Av Mi g Zv GKB nv i evo Z cv i bv, Avi mb mv _ UªvbwR i ii cviqvi wwwm ckbi evo Z _v K, hwu cö mm ii cvidi gý e w i nvi mxwgz K i `q ZvQvov, Kw úduv ii cvkvcvwk gvevbj Ges Ab vb Gg e WW wwfvb m gvb µvcö mm ii e envi evo Z _vkvq cviqvi mvköqx cö mmi wwrvb bi iæz e o hvq ez gv b cö mmi wwrvb bi g~j P v jä n Q mxwgz cviqvi ev R U wkfv e m e v P cvidi gý AR b Kiv hvq Kw úduvi cö mmi wwrvbb K qkwu j Yxq ch v qi ga w` h µgwekvk K i AvR Ki w` bi cö mm ii iƒc wb q Q AvaywbK cö mm ii wekvk m ú K wek` Rvbvi Av M Pjyb Avgiv GB wewfbœ ch v qi cö mmi jvi BwZe Ë GKUy R b bb cö_g Rbv ikb cö_g ch v qi cö mmi ˆZwi Kiv n qwqj f vkyqvg wude cöhyw³ w` q GB cöhyw³i cö_g Kw úduvi wn m e mycwiwpz n Q 1946 mv j Av gwikvi BDwbfvwm wu Ad cbwmjfvwbqv Z ˆZwi ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator And Computer) cö_g evwywr K fv e e eüz Kw úduvi n Q UNIVAC (UNIVersal Automatic Computer), evrv i Av m 1951 mv j Av ikwu iæz c~y Kw úduvi n Q 1954 mv j evrvirvz niqv IBM650 GB ch v qi Kw úduvi jv wqj wekvj AvKv ii Ges AvR Ki w` bi Kw úduv ii mv _ Zyjbv Ki j wqj LyeB aximwzi wkš mb mg qi Rb GB f vkyqvg wude cöhyw³i Kw úduvi GK hymvšíkvix D veb- Gi AvM ch ší A bk RwUj me MYbv Ki Z nz wbr nv Z huv wqj A bk mgqmv c wøzxq Rbv ikb mv j UªvbwR i-gi D veb Ges 1958 mv j Gi mnrjf Zvi gva g Kw úduvi cö mmi wwrvb bi wøzxq ch v qi AvMgb f vkyqvg wude-gi Zyjbvq UªvbwR i AvKv i QvU Ges cviqvi mvköqx GB cöhyw³i Kw úduvi cö mmi ZvB AvKv i QvU Ges KvR m úv` bi Î `ªæZ GB ch v qi wkqy Kw úduv ii g a D jøl hvm n jv IBM1401 Ges PDP-1 Z Zxq Rbv ikb GB ch v qi Kw úduvi cö mmi ˆZwi nq Bw U MÖ UW mvwk U (IC) cöhyw³ w` q Bw U MÖ UW mvwk U cö mmi wwrvb bi Î GK hymvšíkvix f~wgkv i L Q IC cöhyw³ Z A bk jv B jku«wbk mvwk U (A_ev UªvbwR i) GKwU QvU mwgkûv±i cø U (wpc) emv bv hvq Gi gva g GKwU cö mm ii GKvwaK BDwbU GKwUgvÎ IC wp c AvUv bv hvq ZvB GB cöhyw³i cö mmi AvKv i A bk QvU, `ªæZZi, Ges cviqvi mvköqx GB ch v qi D jøl hvm Kw úduvi n Q IBM System/360 gbb d«g Kw úduvi PZy_ Rbv ikb eZ gvb AvaywbK Kv ji Kw úduvi cö mmi meb IC cöhyw³i Ae`vb PZy_ ch v qi cö mmi evbv bv n Q VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) cöhyw³ e envi K i GB cöhyw³ Z GKwU IC wp ci g a A bk ewk UªvbwR i emv bv hvq mg qi mv _ mv _ ICi AvKvi Av iv QvU n Q, ZvB GKB RvqMvi g a A bk ewk UªvbwR i AvUv bv hv Q Moore s Law Abyhvqx, IC wp c UªvbwR i-gi msl v cöwz `yb eqi AšÍi wø Y nq GKwU IC wp c UªvbwR i-gi msl v mb 1975 mv j 10,000 _ K ïiæ n q GLb e o n q Q wewjq bi Dci AvKv i QvU niqvi mv _ mv _ UªvbwR i- Gi mybwps w úwi e o hv Q, hv cö mm ii Kg gzv Av iv evwo q w` Q VLSI cöhyw³ cö mmi wwrvb bi Î GK bzyb w`m šíi m~pbv K i Q - m e n Q A bk bzyb bzyb wdpvi hvm Kiv Ges cö mm ii Kvh KvwiZv I Kg gzv Av iv fv jv Kiv GB ch v qi cö mmi K Avgvi gvb µvcö mmi (microprocessor) e jb Rvwb - hwu g~jz GKUy cy iv Kw úduvi K GKwU wp ci g a ewm q w` Q cö_g w` K cö mmi w` q evbv bv nz eo ai Yi Kw úduvi wm g ( gbb d«g wm g, wgwb Kw úduvi BZ vw`) GB Kw úduvi jv g~jz e eüz nz eo ai Yi evwywr K Kw údwus KvR, A_ev wek we` vjq Ges mikvwi M elyvg~jk Kv R gvb µvcö mmi G m Kw úduvi e env ii cwimi evwo q Zv cšu Q w` jv e w³mz ch v q cv m vbvj Kw úduvi _ K j vcuc Avi ZviI c i vu dvb Ges U ve ju mewkqyi g~ jb i q Q gvb µvcö mmi mg qi mv _ mv _ evwywr K Kw úduvi Ges e w³mz Kw údwus wwfvb mi e envi Ges cö qvrbxqzv e` j Q, Avi Zvi mv _ e` j Q gvb µvcö mm ii wwrvbb ïiæ Z gvb µvcö mm i wqj GKwU gvî wmwcbd hwu GKev i GKwU cövmövg Pvjvq Gici Kw úduv i GKB mv _ GKvwaK cövmövg Pvjv bvi cö qvrbxqzv evo Z _v K - GKvwaK cövmövg GKmv _ Pvjv Z cö mm ii cvidi gý wkfv e Av iv fv jv Kiv hvq m Rb cö mmi wwrvb b bzybz Avm Z _v K Av MB e jwq, cö mm ii cvidi gý evo Z evo Z GKwU ch v qi ci cviqvi wwwm ckb GKwU eo mgm v n q `vuovq cö mmi K cviqvi mvköqx Kievi Rb cö mmi wwrvb b Av iv bzybz Av m GKwUgvÎ wmwcbd (wm ½j Kvi) wwrvbb _ K ïiæ K i ez gvb Kv ji gvb µvcö mmi GKvwaK wmwcbd (gvwë Kvi) wwrvbb wn m e Avwef ~Z n q Q b f ^i

22 cöhyw³ cvvkvjv gvb µvcö mm ii wwrvbb mg qi mv _ wkfv e cwiewz Z n q Q Zv Rvbvi Av M, Pjyb GKUy ` L bb cö mmi wkfv e KvR K i cö mm ii KvR n Q cövmövg Pvjv bv cövmövg n Q KZ jv Bb ªvKk bi aviv huv _v K Kw úduv ii g gvwi Z cö mmi mb cövmöv gi Bb ªvKkb jv avivevwnkfv e m úbœ K i Bb ªvKkb jv h WvUvi (data) Dci KvR K i, mb WvUvI _v K Kw úduv ii g gvwi Z cö mm ii Kvh cöyvjx evsv bvi Rb bx Pi QwewU Z GKwU cö mm ii ewmk e K WvqvMÖvg `Lv bv n q Q cö mm i i q Q GKwU K U«vj BDwbU, huvi KvR n Q g gvwi _ K Bb ªvKkb wb q muv K m úbœ Kivi Rb mwvkfv e cwipvwjz Kiv Avi i q Q GKwU A vwi_ gwuk GÛ jwrkvj BDwbU (ALU) Bb ªvKkb m úbœ nq ALUi gva g ALUi KvR m úbœ Kivi Rb WvUv mvgwqkfv e _v K iwr v ii g a KvR m úbœ n q M j ALUi AvDUcyU cö qvrbyhvqx g gvwi Z jlv n q _v K c ii WvqvMÖvgwU Z cö mm ii Kvh cöyvwj AviI GKUy we ÍvwiZfv e `Lv bv n q Q GwU LyeB mvaviy GKwU ey bv- ev Í e cö mm ii wwrvbb Av iv RwUj, Z e cö mmi wkfv e KvR K i muv m ú K GKwU aviyv cvevi Rb h _ó dp wmwcbd K Uªvj BDwbU iwr vi A vwi_ gwuk A vû jwrk vj BDwbU ww KvW iwr vi Gw wkdu gbb g gvwi g gvwi cö_g avc n Q dp (Fetch), huvi KvR n Q ( gbb) g gvwi _ K Bb ªvKkb cov cövmöv gi g a cöwzwu Bb ªvKk bi GKwU wbw` ó RvqMv _v K huv K ejv nq 36 b f ^i 2016 Zvi A v W«m (address) dp BDwbU Kvb A v W«m _ K ciez x Bb ªvKkb co e muv _v K GKwU cövmövg KvD Uvi (PC) iwr v i cöwzwu Bb ªvKkb covi ci cövmövg KvD Uvi ciez x Bb ªvKk bi w` K wb ` k K i _v K Gic ii avc ww KvW (Decode), huv Bb ªvKk bi aiy wpwýz K i cö mmi K wk KvR m úbœ Ki Z n e muv wba viy K i GB av c Bb ªvKk bi Rb cö qvrbxq iwr vi WvUv cov nq Zvici G wkdu (Execute), huv Bb ªvKk bi g~j KvRwU m úbœ K i ciez x avc n Q g gvwi (Memory), hlv b Bb ªvKk bi KvR m úbœ Kivi Rb hw` Kv bv g gvwi WvUv jv M, muv g gvwi _ K cov (A_ev jlv) nq me k l Av Q ivbu (Write), huv Bb ªvKk bi djvdj iwr v i wj L hv Z ciez x Bb ªvKkb cö qvrbgz iwr vi _ K c o wb Z cv i cöwzwu Bb ªvKkb GB cvupwu av ci g a w` q hvq - GKwU Bb ªvKkb kl nevi ci, c ii Bb ªvKkb GKBfv e GB avc jvi g a w` q hvq GKwU cö mm ii KZ `ªæZ KvR Ki e Zv wbfi«k i GB cvupwu avc m úbœ K i gvu KZ mgq jv M- GB avc jvi g a huv me P q aximwzi muv wba viy K i cö mm ii w úw - huv K Avgiv ewj K K w úw AvaywbK cö mm i GB avc jv Ggbfv e fvm Kiv nq, hv Z GKvwaK Bb ªvKkb GKB mv _ cö mm ii g a w` q h Z cv i GUv K ejv nq cvbcjvbwbs (pipelining)- GKwU Bb ªvKkb dp kl K i hlb ww KvW-Gi g a w` q hvq, ZLb c ii Bb «vkbwu dp-gi g a w` q h Z cv i Gfv e, cöwzwu Bb ªvKkb ciez x av c hvq Ges GKwU K i bzyb Bb ªvKkb dp-g Xv K cöwzwu avc m úbœ Ki Z Av Mi cvupwu av ci mgwš^z mgq _ K A bk Kg mgq jv M, ZvB cö mm ii K K w úw Av iv evov bv hvq hw`i cöwzwu g gvwi ivbu Bb ªvKkb m úbœ Ki Z mb cvupwu avcb jv M, wkš cö_g Bb «vkkbwu kl nevi ci, cöwz K K mvb K j Av iv GKwU K i bzyb Bb ªvKkb m úbœ nq ZvB GKwU Bb ªvKkb m úbœ Ki Z jvm e 5 K K mvb Kj, wkš, `ybwu Ki Z jvm e 6 K K mvb Kj, Gfv e cvupwu Bb ªvKkb m úbœ Ki Z jvm e 9 K K mvb Kj - M o ZvB cöwzwu Bb ªvKkb m úbœ Ki Z A bk Kg mgq jvm e GUv K ejv nq cö mm ii _ªæcyU (throughput)- _ªæcyU n Q cöwz BDwbU K K mvb K j KqwU Bb ªvKkb m úbœ Kiv hvq Zvi GKwU cwigvc cvbcjvb b hz ewk avc _vk e, cö mm ii K K w úw ZZ evov bv hv e AvaywbK me cö mmib cvbcjvbb wwrvbb e envi K i ïiæi w` K cvbcjvbb cö mmi cöwz K K mvb Kj-G GKwU K i Bb ªvKk bi Dci KvR KiZ- G ai Yi cö mmi K ejv nq jvi (scalar) cö mmi ciez x Z mycvi- jvi (superscalar) cö mmi Avwef yz nq- huv GKvwaK Bb ªvKk bi Dci KvR Ki Z cv i GKvwaK Bb ªvKkb m úbœ Kivi Rb Gai Yi cö mm ii GKvwaK G wkdkb BDwbU _v K mycvi jvi wwrvbb Gfv e cö mm ii _ªæcyU evwo q `q Avgiv Av MB ` LwQ h cö mm i GKwU g gvwi avc Av Q huv Bb ªvKk bi Rb cö qvrbxq WvUv g gvwi _ K c o hz Y m WvUv g gvwi _ K cö mm ii Kv Q bv Avm Q, cö mm ii wkqy Kivi _v K bv g gvwii w úw cö mm ii w úw _ K A bk Kg - mvaviyz K qkk cö mmi K K mvb Kj j M hvq GKwU WvUv co Z GB K qkk mvb Kj Zvn j cö mmi e _vb e m _v K Kvb KvR bv K i m Î cö mm ii cvidi gý A bk K g hvq- cö mm ii w úw Avgiv hzb evovb bv Kb, cvidi gý ZLb wba vwiz n e g gvwii w úw w` q g gvwii Kvi Y h cvidi gý K g hvq, muv c~iy Kivi Rb AvaywbK cö mmi jv `ªæZMwZi wkš AvKv i QvUai Yi cache (K vk) g gvwi e envi K i hlv b eûj e eüz WvUv ivlv nq, hv Z mme WvUv `ªæZ cov hvq cache g gvwi hz AvKv i QvU, muv ZZ `ªæZ WvUv co Z cv i AvKv i QvU n j mb cache ewk cwigvb WvUv GKmv _ ivl Z cv i bv, GB mgm vi mgvav bi Rb AvaywbK cö mm i gvwë- j fj cache e envi Kiv nq - cö mm ii me P q Kv Qi j f ji cache (L1) QvU Ges Lye ZvovZvwo KvR K i, Zvic ii j fj (L2) AvKv i Avi GKUy eo, ZvB WvUv co Z mgqi GKUy ewk jv M- Gfv e cö qvrbyhvqx G Ki ci GK j fj cache ms hvrb Kiv hvq

23 cöhyw³ cvvkvjv AvaywbK cö mmi jv Z 2 _ K 4 j fj ch ší cache _v K Cache e envi m Z I, Kv bv bv Kv bv GK mgq cö mm ii K g gvwi _ KB WvUv co ZB nq, ZLb A bkuv mgq cö mm ii Kvh gzv Kv bv Kv RB jvmv bv hvq bv GB mgm v mgvav bi Rb cö mmi wwrvb b bzyb ms hvrb n jv gvwë _ªwWs (multithreading) ewki fvm Î `Lv M Q GKwU cövmöv gi wewfbœ Ask _v K huv GKB mv _ m úbœ Kiv hvq, Avevi A bk Î GKvwaK cövmövg GKmv _ Pvjv bv hvq GK ev GKvwaK cövmöv gi GB wfbœ Ask wj K Avgiv ewj _ªW (thread) cö mmi hlb GKwU _ª Wi WvUvi Rb e m _v K, ZLb Ab GKwU _ªW cö mm ii K e envi Ki Z cv i GLv b Avgiv wmwcbdi mb GKB BDwbU jv e envi KiwQ wewfbœ _ª Wi Rb GKB mv _ wewfbœ _ª Wi Bb ªvKkb cö mm ii cvbcjvb bi g a w` q hv Q GKwU _ªW hlb g gvwii Rb A c v Ki Q, ZLb Av ikwu _ª Wi Bb ªvKkb mb Ae eüz BDwbU jvi mø envi Ki Z cvi Q GBfv e cö mm ii c~y Kg gzvi A bkuv Kv R jvmv bv hv Q hv Kw úduv ii cvidi gý A bk evwo q w` q Q GB ch ší Avgiv hme cö mmi wwrvbb m ú K Av jvpbv Kijvg Zv GKwU wmwcbdi Rb cö hvr - G ai Yi cö mmi K Avgiv ewj wm ½j- Kvi (single-core) cö mmi K K w úw evwo q Ges gvwë _ªwWs-Gi mvnv h wmwcbdi Kg gzv evwo q wm ½j- Kvi cö mm ii cvidi gý A bk evov bv M ji, GK mgq cö mm ii B jw±«kvj cviqvi GKwU eo mgm v n q `vuov jv cö mmi hz `ªæZ KvR Ki e Ges hz ewk KvR Ki e, cö mm ii cviqvi wwwm ckb ZZ evo e ZvB GK ch v q G m wm ½j- Kvi cö mmi wwrvbb cvidi g Ýi w`k _ K Avi ewk Ae`vb ivl Z cvi jv bv G QvovI gvevbj wwfvb m gvb µvcö mmi e envi ïiæ niqv Z, cviqvi mvköqx wwrvb bi iæz A bk e o M jv IC cöhyw³i DbœwZi mv _ mv _ (Ges Moore s Law Abymv i), IC wp c UªvbwR ii msl v evo ZB _vk jv wkš wm ½j- Kvi wmwcbd wwrvbb GB evowz UªvbwR i K cviqv ii Kvi Y Zgbfv e Kv R jvmv Z cvi Q bv cö qvrb n q co jv bzyb ai bi wwrvbb aviyvi - mb _ K D e gvwë- Kvi (multi-core) cö mmi gvwë- Kvi cö mm i GKwU wp c GKvwaK wmwcbd _v K - cöwzwu wmwcbd Avjv`vfv e wfbœ cövmövg Pvjv Z cv i - ZvB cö mm ii mgwš^z cvidi gý (A_ev _ªæcyU) GKwU GKK wmwcbd _ K A bk ewk nq gvwë- Kvi cö mm ii Î mgwš^z cvidi gý g~j j - ZvB cöwzwu wmwcbd m e v P cvidi gý-gi Rb bq eis mgwš^z cvidi gý-gi Rb wwrvbb Kiv nq ZvB cviqvi mvköqx wwrvbb Kiv mnr nq cviqvi mvköqx wwrvb bi Avi GKwU bzyb aviv n Q cö mm i A vwcø Kkb-wbf i nvw Iq vi BwÄb (ev A v jv iui) hvm Kiv - hgb wµ ÞvMÖvwdK A v jv iui, wgwwqv Kv WK (codec) A v jv iui BZ vw` GBme A v jv iu ii gva g A bk Kw úd Ukb huv cö_vmz fv e mduiq v i Kiv nz, muv nvw Iq v i A bk `ªæZ m úv`b Kiv hvq - wkš g~j cö mmi cvbcjvbb _ K Avjv`v fv e Ges cö qvrbyhvqx KvR Kivq cviqvi mvköqx nq gvb µvcö mm ii µgwekv ki aviv evsvi Rb wkqy ev Íe D`vniY `Lv hvk Intel (B Uj) GKwU AwZ mycwiwpz gvb µvcö mmi Kv úvwb 1971 mv j 4004 gvb µvcö mmi w` q B U ji hvîv ïiæ Kv ji cwiµgvq Intel cö mmi wkfv e cwiewz Z n q Q Zv bx Pi Uwe j `Lv bv n jv - GLv b g~jz W U c e eüz wkqy D jøl hvm cö mmi AšÍf y³ Kiv n q Q i cö mmi Intel 4004 (1971) Intel 8086 (1978) Intel (1982) Intel (1985) Intel (1989) Intel Pentium (1993) Intel Pentium 4 (2000) Intel Pentium 4 HT (2002) Intel Core2 Duo (2007) Intel Core2 Quad (2007) 2,300 UªvwÝ i msl v 29, , ,000 1,200,000 3,100,000 42,000,000 55,000, ,000, ,000,000 K K w úw 740 KHz 5-10 MHz 4-12 MHz MHz MHz MHz GHz 3.06 GHz 1.8 GHz 2.4 GHz Kvi/ _ªW msl v 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/1 1/2 2/1 4/ Z B U ji 6 th Generation Intel Core gvb µvcö mmi ( KvW bg Skylake) i evrv i Av m - GwU Intel Core i3, Core i5, Ges Core i7 cö mmi jvb b e envi Kiv nq 6 th Generation Intel Core i7- G Av Q 4wU Kvi, KvR K i GHz K K w ú W; cöwz Kv i 2wU _ªW, 32 KB L1-cache, Ges 256 KB L2-cache Av Q; GQvovI wp c Av Q 8 MB L3- cache AwZ m cöwz B Uj Zv `i 7 th Generation Intel Core gvb µvcö mmi NvlYv K i Q - GwU Skylake-Gi GKwU cwigvwr Z Ges DbœZ fvm b Av iv K qkwu mycwiwpz gvb µvcö mm ii D`vniY `Lv hvk IBM Power cö mmi mvf vi Ges mycvikw úduvi wm g e eüz nq Gi me kl evrvirvz cö mmiwu n Q IBM Power8 iii - G Z Av Q 12-wU Kvi, K K w úw GHz, cöwzwu Kv i 8wU _ªW, 64 KB L1-cache, 512 KB L2-cache, Ges cy iv wp c Av Q 96 MB L3-cache Oracle SPARC M7iv cö mmi evrv i Av m 2015 Z - G Z Av Q 32-wU Kvi, K K w úw GHz, cöwzwu Kv i 8wU _ªW Ges 16 KB L1-cache, cöwz 2wU Kv i 256 KB L2-cache, Ges cy iv wp c Av Q 64 MB L3-cache GwUI e eüz nq mvf vi wm g evbv bvi Rb Avi GKwU mycwiwpz cö mmi n Q ARM, huv vu dvb, U ve ju, Ges Ab vb KbwmDgvi wwfvb m e eüz nq ARM Cache- g gvwi KB L1 8 KB L1 256 KB L2 512 KB L2 2 MB L2 8 MB L2 B Uj cvbcjvbb cö mmi wwrvb bi ïiæ; L1-cache ms hvwrz B Uj mycvi jvi cö mmi wwrvb bi ïiæ L1-cache-i mv _ L2-cache ms hvwrz n q Q B Uj gvwë _«W cö mmi wwrvb bi ïiæ (nvbcvi _«wws bv g cwiwpz) B Uj gvwë- Kvi cö mmi wwrvb bi ïiæ b f ^i

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26 mvz m Z iv bvwejv BiwZRv Avcbvi eª v Ûi mdjzvi Rb Avcbv K me P q ewk wbf i Ki Z nq mjm wu gi Ici GRb ejv nq Ñ ÔYour sales team is the lifeblood of your brandõ GwUB Avcbvi eª vû K cöe w i aviv ervq ivl Z mnvqzv K i Kv RB GB wugwu K Kvh Ki ivl Z Ges Zv `i cö qvrbxq mnvqzv w` Z Avcwb h m e v P Póv Ki eb Zv ejvb evûj KviY Zv `i e `Šj ZB Avcbvi eª vûwu n q DV Z cv i `k miv, GgbwK wek^ miv G Kvi Y Avcbvi cö qvrb n e wkqz AmvaviY mjm Uzj GLv b Zgb wkqz wek^ miv Uzj wb qb Av jvpbv Kiv nj 1 mjm gu (Salesmate) Avq Ëi g a `v g miv mjm Uzj jvi GKwU n Q mjm gu Avcbvi mjm wug K kw³ RvMv Z G Z Av Q A bk jv A ^xkvi Ki eb bv KD Kv RB hz ewk wiwfd RvMvo Ki Z cv ib ZZB fvj BqU cv bv gi AmvaviY GB UzjwU e envikvix `i K ewk ewk wiwfd `qvi ÿ Î Drmvn RvMvq Avcbvi mvb U Gme wiwfd K kv Km Kivi ÿ ÎI GwU mvnvh K i BqU cvi mv _ Av Q GKwU wd«iqvw cöm cøvmbb hwu Bb j Kiv ek mnr 3 Uª jv (Trello) Uª jv Ggb GKwU mjm Uzj hwu K cö_g `Lv ZB cq ` Ki eb ewki fvm e envikvix GwU e Z GKwU Kvh Ki cö R± g v br g U Uzj hwui mvnv h hv Lywk ZvB hb Kiv hvq GwUi mvnv h ˆZwi Kiv hvq Ki e Zvn j mvbwd bv gi GB UzjwU e envi K i `L Z cv ib GwU PgrKvi GKwU W vk evw hvi mvnv h ˆZwi Ki Z cvi eb Kv gvbr Kivi Dc hvmx DB RU, Avcbvi Pvwn`v I cö qvrb Abymv i GwU mjm, wmavigg, mv cvu, mvk vj, A vbvwjwu mn Av iv Ab vb myweav cö`vb K i meb n e GKwU RvqMv _ K Ges meb Avcbvi wu gi cö qvrb Abyhvqx ewki bv, KgI bv GwUi wcöwgqvg fvm bi Rb gv m b Z n e gvî `o nvrvi UvKvi (20 gvwk b Wjvi) KvQvKvwQ 5 w jweªk (Steelbrick) GwU mjm dvm (Salesforce)-Gi ˆZwi GKwU Uzj Zvi gv bb GwUi gvb m ^ Ü Lye ewk msk qi Dcvq bb mjm dvm m úªwz bzzb bzzb vu Avc wk b m jv K `viæy wdpvi Avcbvi mjm wugwu wk gvsvwi ev QvU AvKv ii Ges Kej G UvicÖvBR mvwf mi K_v gv_vq i L ˆZwi Kiv Uzj jv e envi Ki Z Ki Z wk Zviv K vší? Zvn j Avcbvi `ikvi n e mjm gu Uzj hwui mvnv h Avcbvi mjm wugwu Zv `i weµq Kg KvÐ e w i gva g ewk gybvdv AR b mvnvh Ki e Avcbv K Avcbvi mjm wug Kvb Kvb ÿ Î Sv gjv cvnv Q m m ^ Ü aviyv cv eb GB UzjwU _ K weµ qi KŠkj `uvo Kiv ZI GwU Avcbv K mvnvh Ki e 2 BqU cv (Yotpo) Avcbvi mjm wu gi me P q kw³kvjx Uzj n Q e envikvix `i wiwfd bzzb K v q U LuvRvi mgq ev mjm-gi Kv R Aby cöiyv cviqvi Rb BDRvi wiwfd K e envi Ki Z cv i Avcbvi wug cy µ qi Aby cöiyv RvMv bvi Rb BDRvi wiwfdi iæz K 40 b f ^i 2016 Uv wj, Uv M U wj, cm c± AvBwWq, Kb U U AvBwWqv, gv K wus Kvjve ikb, wug wdwe vk BZ vw` BZ vw` Avcbv K hv Ki Z n e Zv nj, GKwU tack board ˆZwi K i mwu Z Avcbvi Z_ jv ivlv cö R± ev A vmvbb g U K GwM q wb q h Z Avcbvi mjm wu gi m`m `i KvQ _ K AvBwWqv msmön Ki Z cvi eb Gi mvnv h Gme AvBwWqv K AšÍfz ³ Ki Z cvi eb Avcbvi wug cø v b e emvi ÿ Î cwiez buv Ui c Z `wi n e bv 4 mvbwd (Cyfe) Avcwb hw` Ggb GKwU Aj-Bb-Iqvb wer bm cøvud g i Luv R _v Kb hwu Avcbvi Pvwn`v jv mgq bó bv K ib c~iy wb R`i gz K i mvrv Q w jweªki GgbB GKwU Uzj GwU K wk b wb R `i mvwf mi g a AšÍfz ³ K i wb q Q mjm dvm GwU g~jz GKwU KvU A vû c g U (quote and payment) mduiq vi hwui mvnv h `v gi wnmvewbkvk, K v q U- Gi mv _ hvmv hvm Ges cq `i wewjs A vc-gi gva g we ji A_ cövwßi my hvm `q GwU K Ggbfv e ˆZwi Kiv n q Q, hv Z mggv bi Ab vb CPQ wm gi Zzjbvq GwU e envi Kiv mnr I `ªæZ GQvovI Gi Av Q GKwU K Uªv± I cö cvrvj Rbv iui

27 English It s a ridiculous time in the morning, and you ve just about got out of bed. At this point, you re extremely tired and could do with an extra few minutes of shut-eye, but you know you have work in an hour. You quickly get washed and dressed, before making your way to the kitchen to fix up some breakfast and grab a cup of coffee. Now it s time for that painfully boring commute, which could easily make you cry at any given moment. Whatever you tell yourself, the fact is you can make your journey to work even better. You ve no doubt got a smartphone tucked away in your pocket, so why not make use of it and the time you have on the bus or train? Time is precious, and you can potentially achieve a lot during your commute - even if it s pretty short. Get productive with an app, or have fun with a game to kill the time. There are plenty of them out there, and we look at the best apps and services for quick commutes. Medium (Android, ios, free) Reading is powerful, and there s so much you can learn by doing it. On your daily commute - especially if Stronghold Games Timer (Android, ios, free) If you d like to kill time and have a bit of fun as well, then it s worth checking out Stronghold Games Timer. Available on both Android and ios, the app offers a selection of easy games that are controlled by sand timers. They re based mainly on the theme of space, but there s also a whacky game about the UN Security Council. You can set a timer for each game, lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes. There s a pre-timer option of five minutes, so you could easily play a few while you re on the bus or train. News In 60 (ios, free) Sometimes, it can be hard to keep upto-date with the things happening in the world when you have so much Map My Walk There are many people who commute to work by walking, especially if they live in interconnected cities and t o w n s. Perhaps you re one of them. You probably see it as a great way of exercising, and with Map My Walk, you can calculate your pace, route, distance, calories and steps. It s a handy way to look at how much your daily commute contributes to your health and wellbeing. You can import data to connected devices from Jawbone, Misfit, Fitbit, Garmin and Withings. There s also the ability to map & plan your route before you leave your house. Serial Reader (Android, ios, free) It feels great to get ingrained in a good novel, but in reality, not everyone has the time to get through long-read you re on a train or bus - you no doubt see people with their heads buried in books, newspapers and magazines. Well, with Medium, you can read quality content straight from your phone. What s cool, though, is that the app has a read time feature, meaning you can identify how long an article will take to read. Most are pretty easy to get into, and you can easily get through a piece within 15 minutes. going on in your life. But you can change that with News In 60. The app finds all the important news in a day - covering areas such as current affairs, technology and sports - and summarises them so they only take a few seconds to read. You can easily share your favourite articles with friends and save them as bookmarks to access later on. It s been optimised for high-download speed, low bandwidth and night use. prose. There s just not enough time in the day. With Serial Reader, though, you can use your commutes to delve into small chunks of books. This smart app lets you subscribe to classic books and sends you an instalment to read each day. You should be able to read each issue within 20 minutes, and if you manage to do that, then there s no reason why you can t finish a whole book within a few days. The app has over 300 books available, including classics like The Three Musketeers, Treasure Island, Wuthering Heights, My Antonia, Les Miserables and Peter Pan. b f ^i

28 English Section Duolingo (Android, ios free) Long commutes may feel like wasted time, although they don t have to be. You can easily do something productive when walking or on public transport - like learning a language. Duolingo covers a plethora of languages, including Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Russian. The best thing about it is that language learning is presented as a game, where you pick up words and earn points at the same time. There s the option to learn in daily doses of 5, 10, 15 or 20 minutes. 30/30 (Android, ios, free) While the daily commute is an opportune time to sit back and relax, it s also a good time to get productive and prepare for the day of work. Tasks managers are a brilliant for keeping organised, and 30/30 is a great example. It lets you create comprehensive task lists and track them to ensure you don t fall behind. There s a pre-set time of 30 minutes, meaning you could easily go over s, documents and other workrelated material while you travel to your office. Once the time s up, you re encouraged to start another task. It s worth noting that you have the option to customise the duration of tasks. 42 b f ^i 2016 Buddhify (Android, ios, free) When you have so much going on in life life - from family commitments to work deadlines - it s easy to become stressed. Meditating is a good way to relieve anxiety and keep productive throughout the day, and Buddhify makes this easy. The app provides more than 80 audio-guided tasks, all of which have been tailored for different parts of the day. These include commuting, sleeping and taking a work break. They last up to 30 minutes, and you can track your progress through statistics. Day One (Android, ios, free) The fact is, there s so much you can do while you commute: play games, meditate and so much more. But what about journalling? That s probably something that s never come across your mind, but it s actually quite fun. Using Day One, you can easily enter your thoughts and memories into diary entries that are synced and backed up in the Cloud. It lets you store up to ten journals with different colours and names, and you re able to add as many photos as you d like. These journals will help not only give you something to do while you get to and from work, but also map your thoughts and feelings. That s extremely handy if you have a job in the creative world. The best protection in the world for surfing, banking and shopping online F-secure Internet Security The best protection for your computer and online life. Complete protection for surfing, shopping, banking and using social media. F- Secure Internet Security protects y o u r digital content and you with real-time protection against malware, hackers and identity theft. Your online transactions are secured with banking protection, and you and your children are protected against harmful and unsavory web sites. The award-winning technology in F- Secure Internet Security protects you against existing and emerging online threats. Easy to install and does not slow down your computer. F-Secure Internet Security will protect you. Key features of F-Secure Internet Security: 1. Simple, affordable & dependable 2. Automatic protection against viruses, malware and online threats 3. Secure Internet surfing with Browsing Protection 4. Safe search results for your privacy and safety 5. Secure online banking with Banking Protection 6. Parental Control for protecting children online 7. Protection that doesn't slow your computer 8. Instant recognition of online threats For more information: me

29 English Section In 1994, astronaut Mark Lee had his height measured by fellow astronaut Jerry Linenger as part of a study on back pain. Astronauts have been reporting back pain since the late 1980s, when space missions grew longer. Their flight medical data show that more than half of US astronauts have reported back pain, especially in their lower backs. Up to 28% indicated that it was moderate to severe pain, sometimes lasting the duration of their mission. Things don t improve when they return to Earth s gravity. In the first year after their mission, astronauts have a 4.3 times higher risk of a herniated disc. It s sort of an ongoing problem that has been a significant one with cause for concern, said Dr. Douglas Chang, first author of the new study and associate professor of orthopedic surgery and chief of physical medicine and rehabilitation service at University of California San Diego Health. So this study is the first to take it from just an epidemiological description and look at the possible mechanisms for what is going on with the astronauts backs. Like being in a body cast Much attention has been focused on intervertebral discs, the spongy shock absorbers that sit between our vertebrae, as the culprit for the back issues that astronauts face. But the new study runs counter to that thinking. In this research, funded by NASA, Chang s team observed little to no changes in the discs, their height or swelling. What they did observe in six astronauts who spent four to seven months on the ISS was a tremendous degeneration and atrophying of the supporting musculature in the lumbar (lower) spine, Chang said. These muscles are the ones that help us stay upright, walk and move our upper extremities in an environment like Earth, while protecting discs and ligaments from strain or injury. In microgravity, the torso lengthens, most likely due to spinal unloading, in which the spinal curvature flattens. Astronauts also aren t using the muscle tone in their lower backs because they aren t bending over or using their lower backs to move, like on Earth, Chang said. This is where the pain and stiffening occurs, much like if the astronauts were in a body cast for six months. MRI scans before and after the missions revealed that the astronauts experienced a 19% decrease in these muscles during their flight. Even after six weeks of training and reconditioning here one Earth, they are only getting about 68% of their losses restored, Chang explained. Yoga in space? Because nobody likes back pain and muscle loss, Chang suggested countermeasures that should be added to the already two- to three-hour workout astronauts have on the space station each day. Though their exercise machines focus on a range of issues including cardiovascular and skeletal health, the team believes that space travelers also need to include a core-strenghtening program focused on the spine. In addition to the fetal tuck position astronauts use in microgravity to stretch their lower back or alleviate back pain, Chang suggested yoga. But he knows that is easier said than done. A lot of yoga depends on the effects of gravity, like downward dog, where a stretch through the hamstring, calf muscles, back of the neck and shoulders are possible because of gravity. When you remove that, you may not have the same benefit. Any machines on the space station also have to be designed with regards to weight, size and even the reverberations they could produce on the station. Scott Parazynski, who walked in space seven times, assisted with construction on the space station in Chang and the other researchers brainstormed with a virtual reality team about different exercise programs that would enable astronauts to invite friends, family or even Twitter followers to join them in a virtual workout, making the daily repetition of their workouts more fun and competitive. One of Chang s teammates has felt this pain personally. Dr. Scott Parazynski is the only astronaut to summit Mount Everest. He experienced a herniated disc after returning from the ISS to Earth. Less than a year later, when he attempted to climb Everest the first time, he had to be airlifted off. After a rehabilitation process, he eventually made the summit. Now, he speaks to current astronauts about the ways they can contribute to studies about their health in microgravity. b f ^i

30 English Section Today s customers are empowered to make various choices about the products and services that they avail. With customization becoming the new norm, customers can now contribute to the decision-making process. Delivering a positive and memorable customer experience has turned out to be a vital part of all business processes. Customers expect to move between platforms and devices easily and receive quick responses to their queries. This means the marketers need to be ready with ways to engage with customers. This is where real-time marketing becomes relevant. Speed and immediacy have turned out to be highly crucial for businesses. In the age of smartphones, brands are constantly looking for ways to leverage the relationship of their customers with these devices. As a result, marketing has become way more fast-paced than before. What is Real-Time Marketing? Real-time marketing is the method of engaging with customers based on real-time data and information. This information can be based on any changes that a customer has implemented in his/her profile, changing customer preferences, their activities etc. In addition to that, it can also be based on any breaking news or trending events and so on. One of the best ways to collect customer data is by offering free WiFi to customers. Done right, real-time marketing is an effective method of reaching out to your customers to increase brand awareness, improving prospects of lead acquisition and consequently, generating more revenue. How to Successfully Implement Real- Time Marketing Real-time marketing doesn t only involve a single well-timed moment 44 b f ^i 2016 but also a brand s daily activities. It also involves relevant and timely interactions with your customers. The best way to do this is by implementing small and regular real-time initiatives to ensure that your customers know what to expect from your business. According to the author, Jon Burkart, You need to cultivate the principle of little bets, a concept coined by Peter Sims. In other words, the willingness to foster lots of small, experimental creativity to put things out there and see what sticks. Let s take a look some of the effective methods to implement real-time marketing successfully for your business. #1. Know Your Customers One of the goals of a business is to connect its customers to the products and/or services they need. In an attempt to engage customers with the brand, marketers need to be aware of the preferences and the requirements of the customers. This will help in serving them properly. Once you gather the relevant information about your customers, you will be able to determine the types of messages that they would respond to, empower your staff to address the complaints and feedback of your customers in an appropriate way etc. Additionally, you will be able to devise a crisis management plan. #2. Align Your Communications to Inbound Interactions A customer s journey with a business has a variety of touchpoints and channels. From devices to platforms, communication channels vary. For example, 80% of internet users own a smartphone. This means they are connected on-the-go. Therefore, they expect instant communication. Your customer s journey may start on a desktop and shift to a smartphone and may continue on a smartwatch. Such flexible channels do not respond to linear marketing methods. Therefore, you would need to align your personalized interactions with your customers with the inbound communications. Such contextually relevant interactions will help in connecting with the customers in realtime and help in creating a meaningful relationship with them. #3. Assemble a Team for Handling Data Data management is a crucial part of real-time marketing. To ensure that your data-driven real-time marketing strategy is a complete success, it is important to assemble a team that will look into the various aspects of this marketing technique. Data management starts with effective accumulation of data and ends with implementing it effectively to drive sales. Every member of the datahandling team should have key roles in ensuring that the process is completed properly. For example, a data scientist can be in charge of determining audience types, how much to invest in the real-time marketing techniques etc. You would also require a data analyst to analyze customer behavior etc. A creative player will be able to brainstorm new ideas and direct the team to success. #4. Send Push Notifications One of the best ways to implement real-time marketing is by sending push notifications to customers to urge them to make a purchasing about a product that they have already shortlisted. Such efforts push them forward through the sales pipeline. Additionally, discounts and offers on your customers preferred items can be sent to them via push notifications. This can be one of the best ways to increase conversion rates.

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58 bzzb cy _vg vj UBK-Gi IqvvUvi 3.0 wis AviwRwe Kzwjs wm g BDwmwm evrvirvz Ki Q Thermaltake eªv Ûi bzzb Water Cooling System Ò Water 3.0 Ring R G B 240Ó G Z i q Q RGB 256 Colors, Wzqvj 120mm cviqvidzj nvb vwuk cömvi Ges GKwU vu d vb K Uªvjvi Av iv i q Q wmwcbd-i ZvcgvÎv wbqš Y Kivi Rb 240m Ges 360mm Gi iww qui we ÍvwiZ: UªvÝ mû-gi A vcj mjÿ kb cy BDwmwm evrv i G b Q Transcend eªv Ûi A vcj mjykb cy cy jv n jv: SSD Avc MÖU wku di g vk hv g vk eyk Gqvi, g vk eyk cöv Ges g vk eyk cöv DB_ iwubv wwm cø cy jv wfbœ wfbœ g Wj I wfbœ wfbœ mvb Ri Ici wfwë K i evrv i cviqv hv Q 240 wrwe, 480 wrwe I 960 wrwe AvKv i cviqv hv Q GB SSD Avc MÖU wku hvi mv _ MÖvK Kiv cv eb GKwU K i Gb K vrvi I GKwU K i KgwcøU Uzjm e Gb K vrvi e envi Gi gva g MÖvn Kiv AwiwRbvj SSD cv U ej wn m ei e envi Ki Z cvi e GQvovI i q Q G Uv bvj d vk G cvbkb KvW hv g vk eyk Gqvi 13BwÂ, g vk eyk cöv 13Bw I 15Bw Gi ju 2010 _ K Aviwj 2015 Gi wewfbœ g W ji Ici wfwë K i wfbœ wfbœ g Wj hgb, RU WªvBf jvbu 130, 330, 350 I 360 Gi 128 wrwe AvKv i cviqv hv Q we ÍvwiZ: UªvÝ mû gvb µvgmwwgbpwm K vm 10 Avwë gu g gvwi KvW BDwmwm evrvirvz Ki Q Transcend-Gi D P ÿgzv m úbœ 32-64GB gvb µv GmwW KvW MÖvnK `i wwfvb mi v ir úm e w i Rb D P ÿgzvm úbœ I `ªæZ WvUv UªvÝdv ii Rb GB KvW jv LyeB Dc hvmx GB Kv W m e v P 95MB/s wi W WvUv UªvÝdvi Kiv hv e GB KvW wu Z nvb w úw I v ir Gi cvkvcvwk 4K Ultra HD Gi gz KvqvwjwU wfwwi mv cv U i wbðqzv ` e we ÍvwiZ: dvb: UªvÝ mû GgwUGm800 Gg.2 GmGmwW UªvÝ mû ˆZwi K i Q MTS800 M.2 SSD, hv evrv ii MZvbyMwZK SSD-i P q `ªæZMwZm úbœ, wbivc` I `xn vqx MTS800 M-2 SSd g W ji GB nvw WªvBf MÖvnK `i ` e bigvj SSD _ K 10X wiw I ivbw w úw WvUv UªvÝdvi- Gi myweav Gi we kl myweav n Q M.2 ø Ui Kvi Y bvueyk Ges cv m vbvj Kw úduv i ^ Q ` e envi Kiv hv e we ÍvwiZ: RvUvK wr dvm G wuªg MÖvwd KvW evsjv ` ki Zotac Brand-Gi cöwzwbwa BDwmwm evrvirvz Ki Q Zotac eª v Ûi GTX 1080 Ges 1070 AMP Extrime Edition MÖvwd KvW G B wmwi Ri bzzb Ice storm wm g G Triple Lan AvKv i QvU I greyz hv kãnxb, mv _ Kg Mig _vkvi wbwðqzv cö`vb K i Gi 8GB ms iy hv GDDR5X g gvwi Z cö Z Ges GwU ciez x cör b µg ea gvb Pvwn`v cyi Yi Rb nvb Wwdwbkb Kb U U w` q mw¾z 8GB GDDR5X Ges GDDR5 g gvwii GB KvW jv Engine Clock Base gv W 1771 MHz Ges Boost gv W 1911 MHz, SLI HB Bridge mv cv U W we ÍvwiZ: UªvÝ mû-gi cv U ej nvw WªvBf BDwmwm evrv i G b Q 4TB aviyÿgzvi wek L vz UªvÝ mû eªv Ûi cv U ej nvw - WªvBf MÖvnK `i AwaK WvUv I cö qvrbxq dvbj msmön, msiÿy, mn R enb mn cö qvrbxq Kv R e env ii Rb AwaK aviyÿgzvi cv U ej nvw WªvB fi Pvwn`v e w cv Q ZvB 4TB aviyÿgzvi GB cy wu MÖvnK `i Rb n e cö_g cq ` G Z i q Q mycvi w úw USB3 UK bvjwr hv BDGmwe2-Gi mv _ e vkiqvw K ú vwuej Av Q Iqvb UvP e vkavc evub, cviqvi mwfs w øc gvw I d vb jm jv b qr Icv ikb we ÍvwiZ: j b fvi AvBwWqvc vw 310 Møvevj eª vû wb q G jv AvBwWqvc vw 310 h mkj µzviv AvaywbK cöhyw³i j vcuc Ly R eovb Zv `i Rb j bv fv wb q G m Q GB 310wmwi Ri AvBwWqvc vw AvaywbK cöhyw³ Z c~y GB AvBwWqvc vwwu wb q j bv fvi wwwrgg nvmvb wiqvr e j Qb, ÒGB j vcucwu Gi e envikvix `i Pvwn`v Ges cö qvrbxqzv Abyhvqx wwrvbb Kiv n q Q Ó ez gv b lô cör b i AvIZvq KviAvB-3, KviAvB-5 Ges KviAvB-7 GB wzb ai bi cö mmi mg AvBwWqvc vw evrv i G b Q Møvevj eª vû 1 eq ii (AviI AwZwi³ 1 eqi iwr ª k bi gva g) B Uvib vkbvj Iqv iw Umn GB j vcucwu cviqv hv Q we ÍvwiZ: wfd mvwbk VA2219-SH Ges VA2259-SMH gwbui ViewSonic VA2219-SH Ges VA2259- SMH-Gi GKgvÎ cwi ekk UCC evrv i G b Q 22 Bw VA2219-SH Ges VA2259-SMH g W ji gwbui GjBwW e vkjvbu m ^wjz I AwZ cvzjv e vrj mỳ k wwrvb bi ˆZwi hv evmv A_ev Awd m e env ii Rb gvbvbmb GQvov VA2259- SMH g W ji gwbui G i q Q IPS c v bj Gi dzj HD 1920x1080 irjy kb 50,000,000:1 WvqbvwgK K Uªv iwki Ges mycvi wk qvi VA UK bvjwr ` e my `i w Œb cvidig vý-gi wbðqzv we ÍvwiZ: b f ^i

59 bzzb cy ûqvi q T1 wmwi Ri wgwwqvc vw BDwmwm evrv i G b Q ûqvi q eªv Ûi T1 wmwi Ri 7.0 Bw wgwwqvc vw T1 wmwi Ri 7.0 Bw U vewu Z cviqv hv e PgrKvi IPS wwm cø Ges hvi wckpvi irjy kb _vk e 1024 evb 600 wc j KvqvW Kvi 1.2 wmmvnvr cö mm ii GB U ve G _v Ke IqvB dvb WvUv Kv bkkb I D PMwZi 3G B Uvi bu cwipvjbv myweav, d«u I iqvi 2 gmv wc j K v giv, 1GB Ges 8GB ig 4100 mah e vuvix, AwZ cvzjv BDwbewoi GB U vewui IRb gvî 278 MÖvg we ÍvwiZ: _vg vj UBK-Gi KgvÛvi K ^v wk evw BDwmwm evrvirvz Ki Q _vg vj UK eªv Ûi KgvÛvi K ^v Mwgs wk evw Mgvi `i µq ÿgzvi g a _vkv GB Mwgs wk evw wu Z _vk Q GKwU _vg vj UK eªv Ûi gvdm AvK lyxq wwrvb bi GB Mwgs wk evw wu Z _vk Q 8wU gvwëwgwwqv wk BDGmwe B Uv dm m ^wjz GB wk ev W _vk Q Gw U eyw s wk-i myweav we ÍvwiZ: dvb: ivoomi eª v Ûi w úkvi ivoomi eªv Ûi 5wU g W ji w úkvi evrv i mieivn Ki Q BDwmwm g Wj jv nj: ivo-245, ivo-258, ivo-1630-u, ivo-1610u Ges ivo-1600s ivo- 245, ivo-258 Ges IVO-1630-U, GB g Wj wzbwui ˆewkó nj LED wwm cø, wi gvu K Uvj Ges USB/SD øu I FM Function mv cv U W Avi ivo-1610u Ges ivo-1600s g W ji w úkvi `ywu USB Card wiwvi Ges wi gvu K Uªvj mv cv U W we ÍvwiZ: 78 b f ^i 2016 m vdvqvi bvb Uªv i vwwqb AviG wmwi Ri MÖvwd KvW BDwmwm evrvirvz Ki Z hv Q wek L vz Sapphire eªv Ûi bzzb NITRO wmwi Ri RX 480, 470 Ges 460 MÖvwd KvW AMD Radeon Gi 4th Rbv ikb cöhyw³ Ges D P ÿgzv m úbœ MÖvwd iæzi Mwgs-Gi Rb cwipvwjz KvW jv me vaywbk 8 wrwe AvKv i cviqv hv e m e v P 2304 ªxg cö mmi hy³ 1120MHz _ K 1266 MHz g gvwi K K w úw Ges m e v P 5wU wwm cø AvDUcyU cviqv hv e we ÍvwiZ Rvb Z: m vdvqvi i vwwqb MÖvwd KvW B D w m w m evrvirvz Ki Q wek L vz Sapphire eªv Ûi bzzb RX 480 MÖvwd KvW AMD Radeon Gi 4th Rbv ikb cöhyw³ Ges D P ÿgzv m úbœ MÖvwd, Mwgs Gi Rb cwipvwjz KvW KvW wu me vaywbk GDDR5 ggvixi mv cv U W me vwak 8 wrwe AvKv i cviqv hv e m e v P 2304 ªxg cö mmi hy³ 1120MHz _ K 1266 MHz g gviwi K K w úw Ges m e v P 5wU wwm cø AvDUcyU wn m e cviqv hv e we ÍvwiZ: MSI Geforce Gaming X MÖvwd KvW U C C m úªwz evrvirvz K i Q wek L vz M S I eªv Ûi bzzb Gaming X wmwi Ri MÖvwd KvW GTX 1080, 1070 Ges 1060 m ú~y bzzb cöhyw³i Ges D P ÿgzv m úbœ MÖvwd Mwgs Gi R b cwikwíz KvW jv GB wmwi Ri bzzb TORX 2.0 FAN Gi d vb AvKv i QvU A_P greyz hv kãnxb, mv _ Kg Mig _vkvi wbðqzv cö`vb Ki e 1080 Gi 8G ms iy hv GDDR5X Ges 1070 Gi 8G ms iy hv GDDR5 Ges 1060 Gi 6G ms iy hv GDDR5 g gvwi Z cö Z Ges huv ciez x cör b µgea gvb Pvwn`v c~i Yi Rb nvb Wwdwbkb K Uªvj w` q mw¾z we ÍvwiZ: Avmym Rb dvb 2 wmwi Ri vu dvb Avmym Rb dvb-2 wmwi Ri vu dvb bzzb mvköqx g~j NvlYv K i Q Avmym evsjv ` ki GKgvÎ cwi ekk Møvevj eª vû cövb fu wj. GB NvlYvi AvIZvq Rb dvb-2 wmwi Ri RbwcÖq wzbwu g Wj 4GB RAM I 64GB ROM Gi Zenfone-2, 3GB RAM I 16GB ROM Gi Zenfone Selfi Ges 1GB RAM I 8GB ROM Gi Zenfone Go (ZB452KG) hy³ Kiv n q Q Gi g a Zenfone Deluxe Avmy mi GKwU d vmwkc wwfvbm 4 wrwe i vg I 64 wrwe ig wb q GB d vmwkc wwfvbmwu Z i q Q B U ji 68weU, 2.3 wmmvnvu R KvqvW Kvi cö mmi, 5.5 Bwà Full HD wwm cø, 13 gmvwc j e vk K v giv Ges 3000 mah e vuvwi evsjv ` ki evrv i Gi g~j co e 24,600 UvKv i q Q AZ ší RbwcÖq g Wj Zenfone Selfi GB dvbwu Z mjwd Zvjvi Rb Av Q 13 gmvwc j d«u I 13 gmvwc j e vk K v giv mn Wz qj d vk 3 wmmvevbu i vg Avi 16 wmmvevbu ig mn GB dvbwu Z AviI i q Q 5.5 BwÃi dzj HD 1920x1080 irÿ jk bi wwm cø hvi 178 wwmöx wwrvbb G ½j Avi 403wc wc AvB e envikvix `i gb Rq K i wb q Q Ges Corning Gorilla Glass 4 _vkvq Gi wwm cø Z mn R `vm c o bv Avi GZwKQz cviqv hv Q ïaygvî 19,450 UvKvq Ges hviv ^í g~ j vu dvb e envi Ki Z Pv Qb Zv `i Rb Awek vm mvköqx g~ j Møvevj eª vû w` Q ASUS Zenfone Go 1GB RAM I 8G ROM mn Zenfone Go cy wu Z i q Q 4.5 BwÃi wwm cø ïay ZvB bq 1.2 Quard Core, Android 5.0 Lollipop hy³ GB vu dvbwui `xn vqx 2070 mah e vuvix e vkav ci Rb mk jib bri K o Q gvî 6590 UvKvq cviqv hv Q GB vu dvbwu i q Q Møvevj eª vû cövb fu wjwg UW Gi 1 eq ii Awdwmqvj Iqv iw U KvW we ÍvwiZ Rvb Z hvmv hvm Kiæb:

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