Multi-scale Remote Assessment of Land-surface Hydrologic Response to Stress
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1 Multi-scale Remote Assessment of Land-surface Hydrologic Response to Stress M.C. Anderson J.M. Norman U Wisconsin-Madison W.P. Kustas USDA-ARS, HRSL T.P. Meyers NOAA-ATDD J.M. Jacobs U New Hampshire NASA LCLUC Science Team Meeting January 2005
2 Multi-scale flux modeling strategy GOES-DERIVED FLUXES (10 km) source footprint tower meters meters meters LANDSAT-DISAGGREGATED FLUXES (30 m) meters meters
3 Two-Source Energy Balance Model (TSEB) T RAD (θ) ~ f c (θ)t c + [1-f c c (θ)]t s s (two-source approximation) Norman, Kustas et al. (1995) Treats soil/plant-atmosphere coupling differences explicitly Accommodates off-nadir thermal sensor view angles Provides information on soil/plant fluxes and stress
4 Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse Model (ALEXI) Anderson et al. (1997) T RAD (θ) ~ f c (θ)t c + [1-f c c (θ)]t s s (two-source approximation) Norman, Kustas et al. (1995) Treats soil/plant-atmosphere coupling differences explicitly Accommodates off-nadir thermal sensor view angles Provides information on soil/plant fluxes and stress Time-differential ABL closure
5 Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse Model (ALEXI) ABL T A (z~50m) GOES AVHRR 5 km T RAD Cover
6 Disaggregated ALEXI model (DisALEXI) ABL T A (z~50m) 1 2 GOES AVHRR 5 km T RAD Cover m Satellite or aircraft
7 LOCAL VALIDATION
8 DisALEXI vs. tower fluxes SGP Modeled flux (W m -2 ) LAI FLUX RNET λe H G Measured flux (W m -2 )
9 (Dis)ALEXI vs. tower fluxes Mesonet 800 ALEXI (5 km) 800 DisALEXI (tower footprint) Modeled flux (Wm -2 ) RN λe H G Modeled flux (W m -2 ) Observed flux (Wm -2 ) (a) Observed flux (W m -2 )
10 REGIONAL VALIDATION gap filling
11 Daily extrapolation assuming constant EF 1.2 ALEXI Evaporative Fraction EF A Time (CST) EF A = λe A RN A - G A λe(t i ) = EF A * [ RN(t i ) G(t i ) ] from GOES
12 Gap-filling algorithm Obs (hourly) 600 Latent Heat (Wm -2 ) Day of year
13 Gap-filling algorithm Obs (hourly) ALEXI (inst.) Latent Heat (Wm -2 ) Day of year
14 Gap-filling algorithm 800 Latent Heat (Wm -2 ) Obs (hourly) ALEXI (inst.) ALEXI (hourly) Day of year
15 REGIONAL VALIDATION stress detection
16 28-day ALEXI composite APRIL Climatological deviation in f PET Palmer Drought Index Drought Moist
17 Project Objectives Validation Target multiple biomes and climates Ameriflux and EOS validation sites Algorithm Enhancement Improve spatial and temporal coverage Thermal sharpening and daily extrapolation Case Study Application Identify stress detection capabilities Florida Everglades
18 ALEXI validation sites ALEXI LATENT HEAT FLUX June 2003 Fort Peck SMEX02/05 Bondville Sevilleta SMEX04 SGP97 Walker Branch Goodwin Creek Audubon Gainesville Everglades
19 SMEX02 flux measurements SOIL MOISTURE EXPERIMENT 2002 (SMEX02) WALNUT CREEK WATERSHED, IA WATERSHED Flux towers 10 km Twin Otter transects
20 Courtesy of J.-L. Roujean MODIS-based vegetation clumping index June 2004 LAI f cover CI nadir QC
21 (Dis)ALEXI vs. tower fluxes ALEXI (watershed average) DisALEXI (tower footprint) ALEXI flux (Wm -2 ) RN λe H G DisALEXI flux (W m -2 ) Avg. tower flux (Wm -2 ) Tower flux (W m -2 )
22 Landsat-7 thermal/shortwave imagery Idabel, OK TRAD (60-m) NDVI (30-m)
23 Thermal sharpening Idabel, OK Unsharpened Sharpened 250 m 1 km Kustas et al. 2003, RSE, 85,
24 Latent heat with thermal sharpening STIGLER MARENA NORMAN Unsharpened Sharpened
25 Daily extrapolation Evaporative fraction LAI Terra (~1030 LST) Modeled EF Observed EF Aqua (~1330 LST) Terra only (constant EF) DOY 180 DOY 182 EF = λe RN-G 0.8 ER01 ER09 ER ER DOY Time (CST)
26 Big Cypress National Preserve Landsat 2/13/02
27 Big Cypress National Preserve Blue Cypress Lake USGS flux site
28 Big Cypress National Preserve Broward County USGS flux site
29
30
31 JEANNE CHARLEY 2004 Hurricanes FRANCES Big Cypress National Preserve
32 IRT data at USGS stations Blue Cypress Temperature (C) Broward Co. DRY CHARLEY FRANCES JEANNE Temperature (C) substrate sawgrass Day of year
33 High-resolution thermal is a valuable asset mcanders@wisc.edu NASA LCLUC Science Team Meeting January 2005
34 Sharpened ASTER thermal imagery 90 m 15 m
35 Sharpened ASTER thermal imagery 90 m 15 m
36 23 June 1 July ALEXI (5 km) λe c λe s λe c λe s λe c λe c DisALEXI (60m) λe s λe s (W m -2 )
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