아산만해역중형동물플랑크톤의시공간적변동

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1 The Sea Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 1 10, February 2006 아산만해역중형동물플랑크톤의시공간적변동 Á Á 1 Á 2 û w y w 1Ÿ w y œw 2 sw w w lœw Spatio-temporal Variation of Mesozooplankton in Asan Bay C. R. LEE, C. PARK, S. R. YANG 1 AND Y. S. SIN 2 Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejon , Korea 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Gwangju University, Gwangju 50-70, Korea 2 Division of Ocean System Engineering, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo , Korea w ew v jm wš.» k v jm q wš,, v jm x y w y p v jm s q w. x y, œ y s j ùkû. y w yƒ j» œ y x v jm k w e q. v jm j v w w ƒ» ƒ. Á ƒ 2 4 š,», Á 1». v jm j v v jm, p Acartia hongi w (p<0.05). w w v y. Previous studies on zooplankton in Asan Bay were mostly based on samples collected seasonally with three months intervals. Present study was aimed to know the temporal variation of meso-zooplankton distribution using the data collected monthly. Relationships between zooplankton abundances and environmental factors such as seawater temperatures, salinities and chlorophyll-a contents were also studied. Seawater temperature showed typical pattern of seasonal variation found in temperate waters. The fluctuations of environmental factors ranged relatively wider in the inner part of the bay than those in outer part of the bay. Salinity was very low right after the summer rainy period due to the sporadic outflow of freshwater from the adjacent artificial lakes. Sudden changes in salinity seemed to have significant impact on zooplankton assemblages. Chlorophylla contents were increased in general when compared with previous reports probably due to the recent human exploitations in the coastal zone, which might enhance the nutrients level. The timing and duration of spring bloom showed geographical differences. In the inner part of the bay it began earlier (February) and last longer (three months) while in the outer part of the bay it began late (April) and last just one month. Zooplankton abundance, especially most abundant taxon Acartia hongi, showed weak but significant positive correlation with chlorophyll-a contents. The difference in temporal variation found with two different sampling intervals indicated the necessity of shorter time interval samplings. Keywords: Mesozooplankton, Chl-a Contents, Sampling Intervals, Asan Bay ù w w w j w ƒ w š w *Corresponding author: s_lcr@cnu.ac.kr» w. w s œ w ƒ y» w, œ ƒ m. w p ƒ t w w. 1

2 2 Á Á Á w ew û y y, y œy š y» mw ü» w. w ü š, 10-0 m ü. w œ ƒ w, w ƒ š, y œ ƒ y yw d» w. w w k y w n y j y jš (Park and Yoo, 1997), l œ s y w ƒ ü s w. v jm w w w w wš. v jm v jm w v jm ƒ, w w (Frost, 1980). w, s» w w» w (Hjort, 1926; Cushing, 1975). w v jm q w w x w j. w v jm w, s (, 1991;, 1994), y(choi and Park, 199), x (Park et al., 1998),» (Lee and Park, 2002). (1991) Choi and Park(199) š (1994) 1 y 2 r š, Park et al.(1998) Lee and Park(2002) 10» w v jm r. 1 4 ƒ 1z w k w š,» w. v jm w v jm s e w š w ƒ» x šw. ù, v jm (months) y» w ¼» w (, 1995).,» mw x v jm x r š, m» w d» q wš w, w k ww» y wš w. w (, 1996),, ù s³ 1 km (, 1992). e w ³, w xw, y p š w 5 ( 7km ) w (Fig. 1) l ¾ w ( wy ù w ), š w w. ƒ y» w CTD(YSI-6600) w Fig. 1. Map of the sampling sites in Asan Bay.

3 w x v jm œ d w. v jm v jm j v d w» w w w 100 ml Whatman GF/F wš, þ w. 90% m z 24 þ w z xÿ Ÿ w d w (Parsons et al., 1984). w w yw y w» (, 1989), td d w j v d j v t w. v jm x p( j» 0 µm, 76 cm) w, d w. z w. s š w š, s ù 5-8%ƒ w. x Folsom w» w ƒ 1,000-1,500 ƒ w Bogorov q š w x w ƒ w û ¾ w. p (flowmeter) w p m w w w w ù (indiv./m ) y w. y w y s r s C s³ 2 o ƒ û š 8 ƒ x s (Fig. 2). y -7 o C š, 1 o C ü w. Á w, š s Á w y s f. s psu w y ƒ w psu w û x. p w y ƒ w»»ƒ 7 20 psu w w ƒ x. 7 w» 26-0 psu w. 7 w» 1- psu, y» psu j.» Á ƒ f, ƒ û. w y v jm j v» Fig. 2. Spatio-temporal variations of temperature (a) and salinity (b) in Asan Bay.

4 4 Á Á Á Fig.. Spatio-temporal variations of Chlorophyll-a concentration in Asan Bay. s³ µg/l. s r 1 2» 25.1 µg/l ƒ, 20 µg/l ƒ 4 ¾ (Fig. ). z 5µg/l w û w µg/l. 2 1 w ù, s³ û. ew Á ew j v ƒ ƒ š, 5 5µg/l w ƒ 6 5µg/l. j v ƒ. v jm s w xw v jm (Noctiluca scintillans), s (Hydrozoa ), (Sagitta crassa), (Copepoda, Amphipoda, Decapoda nauplii), (Bivalve, Gastropoda ), (Oikoplura spp.), e (Table 1). ƒ 10 17, 5. v jm x 16-,111 indiv./m, s³ x 44-2,458 indiv./m 11 ƒ û š, z ƒw 6 ƒ (Fig. 4). s³ x 78 indiv./m, 2 1,000 indiv./m ƒ š, Á ƒ w. s w x v jm ƒ Acartia hongi, Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus s. l., Corycaeus affinis, ƒ (Decapoda nauplii), Sagitta crassa, v jm 95% w. ƒ Acartia hongi s³ x 418 indiv./m Table 1. List of zooplankton occurred in Asan Bay. Dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans Chaetognatha Sagitta crassa Cladocera Podon leuckarti Copepoda Evadne tergestina Calanus sinicus Paracalanus parvus s. l. Paracalanus crassirostris Acartia hongi Acartia pacifica Centropages abdominalis Centropages tenuiremis Labidocera euchaeta Labidocera bipinnata Tortanus focipatus Tortanus spinicaudatus Sinocalanus tenellus Eurytemora pacifica Corycaeus affinis Oithona spp. Harpacticoida Appendicularia Oikopleura spp. Others Hydrozoa Decapoda nauplii Polychaeta larvae Mysidacea Cirriped nauplii Amphipoda Mollusc larvae Fish egg and larvae Echinoderm larvae *Taxa with under lines are the dominant species during this study indiv./m xw ƒ 12 z ƒw 4 1,84 indiv./m ƒ t w xw. z w indiv./m w

5 w x v jm œ 5 Fig. 4. Spatio-temporal variations of total zooplankton abundance in Asan Bay. x w š(fig. 5A),» x j w. x 5 w Á ( 4 5) w ü ( 1 2) ( ) 1.5 xw. 5 5 x» w. ƒ (Decapoda nauplii) s³ x 118 indiv./m indiv./m w, û x j w š, ƒ û 2 x xw (Fig. 5B). 2 z ƒw indiv./m x» w ù 7 w. x 10-4 ¾ x w q w» ù x ƒw 5 l 7 ¾ s ew. w 8 9 x j š, s Á ( 4 5) w. w s»ƒ, ƒw w y» e Á w. Sagitta crassa x s³ 45 indiv./m. 11 l 4 ¾ 20 indiv./m š, 5 z ƒw 8 x» xw (Fig. 5C). ³ e s x» s Á ew. ƒ Calanus sinicus s³ x 1 indiv./m. 10 l 2 ¾ 1 indiv./m w û xw ƒ, l ƒw 6 s³ 100 indiv./m (Fig. 5D). ƒ 6 w» w s y, indiv./m ƒ š, 2 ƒ indiv./m xw Ÿ w sw. ƒ Paracalanus parvus s. l. s³ x 12 indiv./m (Fig. 5E). 2 l 5 ¾ 5 indiv./m w ù 6 0 indiv./m ƒw. z w ƒ indiv./m x ƒƒ y w x» ü r» ù 6 12 ( 2,) s ew. ƒ Corycaeus affinis s³ x indiv./m (Fig. 5F). 2 l 7 ¾ 1 indiv./m x ù, 8 z ƒw indiv./m xw š, w. x 2 l 7 ¾ p š, x». m yƒ v jm e w w Á w y s fš,» p.» œy x w ƒ ü k w w y.» ùkù v jm q w. x ƒw ùkù 5 z ƒw ù(fig. 6), w p 7 ùkù x j w.

6 6 Á Á Á Fig. 5. Spatio-temporal variations of major zooplankton in Asan Bay (A: Acartia hongi, B: Decapoda nauplii, C: Sagitta crassa,gd: Calanus sinicus, E: Paracalanus parvus s. l., F: Corycaeus affinis). z š ƒw ƒw ƒ 9 z w w w.» y w y w v jm w x w (, 2002). 7 z 8 9 x z z w v jm w ü ƒ j š wù(, 2002; Kim, 200),»

7 w x v jm œ 7 Fig. 6. Distribution of abundance and number of zooplankton taxa occurred in Asan Bay. yw v jm w w w w. w mw yƒ v jm w y w,» w y w z» v ƒ š w. v jm v jm x w j v µg/l œ j, (199) (1994) ( µg/l) w. w v jm ( -4 ) (9-10 ) ù, ü e»ƒ š, ƒ û 2 v jm , 2-4, Á 4 9 v jm w. Á ƒ 4 ( ) 2 ( ) š, ü e»ƒ. w,» ü e ƒ, 2 4 ¾ Á 1. j v Á w y s jš, v jm w Á w. v jm ƒ û 2 l, w. w v jm» (, 200). w v jm x w, w»(wind stress) j šw (Yamada et al., 2004)., j» ƒ, p ƒ v jm w w y w yw» w w. v jm x r 1, 4, 6, 2-6, 4-6, 4 4, 6, 5 5, 6 v jm j ƒw. ( 1 2), Á ƒ w 4 5 x ƒw,» w. w w j v s w. v jm v jm w e r» w v jm j v r. û, (r=0.6, p<0.05). ùkù Acartia hongi, Decapoda nauplii, Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus s. l. j v ƒƒ r A. hongi (r=0.42, p<0.05), Decapoda nauplii, C. sinicus, P. parvus (p>0.05). v jm s w A. hongi j v, x Decapoda nauplii, C. sinicus, P. parvusƒ. Youn(2004) j v yƒ v jm š -4 z w š w ù, y w. sw x v jm x j v ƒ w š wù š, w v jm œ sƒ v jm w ù v jm w w j

8 8 Á Á Á w. ù, 1 w k v jm v jm s w e w q w»., v jm» 5» v jm k v ƒ. ƒ s p Acartia hongi 5-20 o C ƒ ƒw. 20 o C w, 5 o C w ƒ. Acartia ƒ ƒ ù j w š š (Kimmer and McKinnon, 1987; Uye, 1988; Uye, 1991;, 1995). A. hongi w o C ƒ w ƒw ƒw» q w. ù, w (18-20 o C ü ) 5-6 ( ) (ƒ ) A. hongi x w » j v ƒ š w, 5-6 xw ( j v ) w q, š» xw ƒ ù w x j w w. š» A. omorii A. hongi x j w šw ew (, 199;, 200). Calanus sinicus ƒ w j»ƒ j x w k eƒ w. C. sinicus 6 w peak ù, (1995) w C. sinicusƒ 5 w peak š š w. 6 x (1995) w x w. C. sinicus xw ü (Chen and Zhang, 1965; Huang and Zheng, 1986; Huang et al., 199; Hulsemann, 1994). p, ƒ w w ü ƒ š š (Uye et al., 1990;, 199).» C. sinicus 2-24 C o sw š, o C(5-6 ) ƒ xw. C. sinicus xwš sw (Choi and Park, 199; Park et al., 1998; Lee and Park, 2000), s w š x. (1995) C. sinicus x mw C. sinicus y w ù, C. sinicus s mw y., C. sinicus w (1995) y w. w copepodid ( ) l ¾ s 8 l 2 ¾ 1-2 indiv./m w (Fig. 7). (5 o C ) l copepodid 2»» x ƒw, 4 5 copepodid 2»» x ƒ. 6 copepodid 4» 5» ƒ ƒ w ù, 20 o C 7 1 indiv./m w x. C. sinicusƒ w peak z ƒ w ƒ w ƒ vw» w yw w w yw dþ (<10 C) ü» w o w (, 1995; Wang et al., 200). s z ƒ s mw (1995) C. sinicus 2z( ƒ )», w peak Fig. 7. Abundance of different developmental stages of Calanus sinicus in Asan Bay.

9 w x v jm œ 9 ƒ y w. w, (1995)ƒ w z w Wang and Zuo(1994)ƒ yw dþ sw C. sinicus copepodid 5» û šw, sw C. sinicus 2 w w. ù, C. sinicus y z, ƒ w (Chen, 1964; Park, 1997; Lin and Li, 1984; 1986; Huang et al., 199) mw ƒ w p z ƒ. Paracalanus parvus s. l. w ü xw w. ¾ ù ü xw Paracalanus Paracalanus parvus(, 1972; ½ x, 198; Kim, 1985) Paracalanus indicus(shim and Yun, 1990;, 1991; Han et al., 1991) w š, (1996) w» w ù ¾ w mƒ š, k w w. P. parvus s 6 ü xw, û 12 ƒ xw x ƒ. (1994) 10 w x ƒ, (200)» x šw. (199) Ÿ 8 ( 27 o C ) ü w, ƒ û 2 ƒ sw šw. P. parvus œ s w. Uye(1991), Uye and Shibuno (1992)ƒ sw Paracalanus spp. y,, mw w e j v w œw Paracalanus spp.ƒ xw w, (199), (1994), (200) mw P. parvus k p w w q. x v jm x v jm (1994) s³ 1,458 indiv./m ƒ x šw ù, x 100 indiv./m ü x. eƒ w Lee and Park(2002) 2,154 indiv./m, 672 indiv./m, 245 indiv./m, ƒ 142 indiv./m šw, (1994) x w., 6 x (2,458 indiv./m ) š,» 7 z w indiv./m. Lee and Park(2002) šw v jm 5 w (6 ) š, 1» x y ƒ. 1» ùkù v jm s p z v jm ƒ w ƒ û ƒ j v ƒ w ƒw 1z ƒ. Lee and Park(2002) ƒ tw» 2, 5, 8, 11 w v jm w. ù,» ƒ p» wwù, mw v jm x»ƒ ew v y. š x ½, xxk, 198. ƒ ƒ y w. w, 5: 29 5.,, ½, w v jm s. w w wz, 29: y,,, 199.». w wz, 26: , v jm : v. w w wz, 24: , k m. û w. 22: , s, ƒ Calanus sinicus. w wz, 28: , s,, y w v jm s y. w w wz, 7: , x, y, v jm s. w wz, 24: w, y,, w v j m s. w w wz, 26: y, w, 199. Ÿ ƒ x. w y wz, 20: , 1992.». 111 pp. x,», 200.» v jm œ s. w w wz, 8: , w w ƒ s. š, 9: 7 27., 1994.» y. w w, 57 pp. y, w y e. û w w, 61 pp. Chen, Q. C., A study of the breeding periods, variation in sex ratio and in size of Calanus sinicus Brodsky,. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 6: Chen, Q. and S. Zhang, The planktonic copepods of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. I. Calanoida. Studia Marina Sinica, 7: (in Chinese with English abstract). Choi, K. H and C. Park Seasonal fluctuation of zooplankton community in Asan Bay, Korea. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 26: Cushing, D. H., Marine Ecology and Fisheries. Cambridge University Press, 278 pp. Frost, B. W., Grazing. In: The Physiological Ecology of Phytoplankton, edited by I. Morris, Blackwell, Oxford, pp Han M. S., S. H. Kim and Y. O. Kim, Influence of discontinuous layer on plankton community structure and distribution in

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