Vancouver Lake Biotic Assessment
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1 Vancouver Lake Biotic Assessment Washington State University Vancouver Aquatic Ecology Laboratory Dr. Stephen M. Bollens Dr. Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens Co-Directors
2 Problem: Noxious cyanobacteria blooms during summer, that often require closing Vancouver Lake to public use Key questions: What factors influence the formation, persistence, and decline of cyanobacteria blooms? Can these blooms be prevented, or reduced, and if so, how?
3 Biological components of Vancouver Lake assessment: Phytoplankton Algae & Cyanobacteria Protozoans Zooplankton Bottom-Dwelling Invertebrates
4 Potential trophic interactions in Vancouver Lake Zooplankton rotifers cladocerans copepods Protozoans ciliates dinoflagellates cyanobacteria diatoms chlorophytes Algae and cyanobacteria Nutrients: NO 3, NO 2, NH 4, PO 4, SiO 2
5 Project Objectives (1 st year) Determine abundance, distribution and taxonomic composition of cyanobacteria in Vancouver Lake over a full annual cycle Initiate preliminary investigations of the biotic (e.g. grazers) and abiotic (e.g. temperature, mixing) factors influencing these blooms Analyze extant data on cyanobacteria blooms in Vancouver Lake for spatial and temporal patterns and trends in abundance
6 WSUV Vancouver Lake Sampling RV Sea-Coug
7 Outline of today s presentation Spatial patterns (Lake-wide) - phytoplankton/protozoans - zooplankton Temporal patterns (March 7 -- February 8) - phytoplankton/protozoans - zooplankton Summary of findings and preliminary conclusions Plans for future work
8 WSUV Biotic Assessment Sampling Locations Station 1 (Sailing Club Dock) Sampled bi-weekly Stations 1 8 Sampled quarterly using RV Sea-Coug
9 Relative Phytoplankton/Protozoan Abundance April 27 1 Proportional Abundance (%) Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7 Site 8 Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cryptophytes Ciliates Chlorophytes Cyanobacteria
10 Absolute Phytoplankton/Protozoan Abundance April 27 Abundance (cells L -1 ) Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cryptophytes Ciliates Chlorophytes Cyanobacteria 1 Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7 Site 8
11 Relative Phytoplankton/Protozoan Abundance July Proportion Abundance (%) Averages 2a1 3a1 4a1 5a1 6a1 7a1 8a1 Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cryptophytes Ciliates Chlorophytes Cyanobacteria
12 Relative Phytoplankton/Protozoan Abundance October Proportional Abundance Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7 Site 8 Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cryptophytes Ciliates Chlorophytes Cyanobacteria
13 Relative Phytoplankton/Protozoan Abundance February Proportional Abundance Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7 Site 8 Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cryptophytes Ciliates Chlorophytes Cyanobacteria
14 Relative Zooplankton Abundance April Proportional Abundance Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7 Site 8 D. retrocurva Other Cladocera Adult Copepoda Juvenile Copepoda Nauplii Rotifera
15 Absolute Zooplankton Abundance April Zooplankton Abundance (inds. L -1 ) Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7 Site 8 D. retrocurva Other Cladocera Adult Copepoda Juvenile Copepoda Copepod Nauplii Rotifera
16 Relative Zooplankton Abundance July Proportional Abundance Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7 Site 8 D. retrocurva Other Cladocera Adult Copepoda Juvenile Copepoda Nauplii Rotifera
17 Relative Zooplankton Abundance October Proportional Abundance Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7 Site 8 D. retrocurva Other Cladocera Adult Copepoda Juvenile Copepoda Nauplii Rotifera
18 Relative Zooplankton Abundance February Proportional Abundance Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5 Site 6 Site 7 Site 8 D. retrocurva Other Cladocera Adult Copepoda Juvenile Copepoda Nauplii Rotifera
19 Very little spatial variability in cyanobacteria, algal and zooplankton composition or abundance. However, with respect to temporal variability
20 Phytoplankton/Protozoan Abundance March 27 February Abundance (cells L -1 ) Chl a Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cryptophytes Ciliates Chlorophytes Cyanobacteria Chl Abundance ( g L -1 ) 2 2 Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
21 Cyanobacteria Species Abundance March 27 February 28 9 Cyanobacteria Abundance (cells L -1 ) Other Cyanobacteria Microcystis Sp. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Anabaena sp. Anabaena flos-aquae Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
22 Phytoplankton/Protozoan Abundance (w/o Cyanobacteria) March 27 February Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cryptophytes Ciliates Chlorophytes Abundance (cells L -1 ) 4 2 Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
23 Phytoplankton/Protozoan Abundance March 27 February Abundance (cells L -1 ) Chl a Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cryptophytes Ciliates Chlorophytes Cyanobacteria Chl Abundance ( g L -1 ) 2 2 Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
24 Relative Phytoplankton/Protozoan Abundance March 27 February Relative Abundance (%) Chl a ( g L -1 ) Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Diatoms Dinoflagellares Cryptophytes Ciliates Chlorophytes Cyanobacteria Chl a
25 Phytoplankton/Protozoan Biomass March 27 February 28 6 Carbon Biomass ( g C L -1 ) Diatoms Dinoflagellates Cryptophytes Ciliates Chlorophytes Cyanobacteria 1 Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
26 Relative Phytoplankton/Protozoan Abundance 1 8 Relative Abundance (%) Chl a ( g L -1 ) 1 Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Relative Phytoplankton/Protozoan Biomass 27 VLK Mean Proportional Biomass by Algal Group Diatoms Dinoflagellares Cryptophytes Ciliates Chlorophytes Cyanobacteria Chl a 8 Biomass (%) Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb Date
27 Zooplankton Abundance March 27 February 28 Site Abundance (inds. m -3 ) D. retrocurva Other Cladocera Adult Copepoda Juvenile Copepoda Nauplii Rotifera 2 1 Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
28 1. Relative Zooplankton Site 1 Abundance March 27 February 28.8 Proportional Abundance Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb D. retrocurva Other Cladocera Adult Copepoda Juvenile Copepoda Nauplii Rotifera
29 Cyanobacteria vs. Ciliate Abundance 16 1e+9 1 Ciliate Abundance (cells L -1 ) Mean Chl Cyanobacteria Abundance Ciliate Abundance 8e+8 6e+8 4e+8 2e+8 Cyanobacteria Abundance (cells L-1) Chlorophyll ( g L -1 ) Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
30 Cyanobacteria vs. Dinoflagellate Abundance 16 1e+9 1 Dinoflagellate Abundance (cells L -1 ) Mean Chl Cyanobacteria Abundance Dinoflagellate Abundance 8e+8 6e+8 4e+8 2e+8 Cyanobacteria Abundance (cells L-1) Chlorophyll ( g L -1 ) Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
31 Cyanobacteria vs. Cladoceran Abundance (Daphnia retrocurva) 18 Daphnia retrocurva 1e+9 1 Daphnia Abundance (inds. m -3 ) Mean Chl Cyanobacteria Abundance Daphnia Abundance 8e+8 6e+8 4e+8 2e+8 Cyanobacteria Abundance (cells L-1) Chlorophyll ( g L -1 ) Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
32 Cyanobacteria vs. Cladoceran Abundance (Eubosmina coregoni) Eubosmina coregoni 35 1e+9 1 Eubosmina Abundance (inds. m -3 ) Mean Chl Cyanobacteria Abundance Eubosmina Abundance 8e+8 6e+8 4e+8 2e+8 Cyanobacteria Abundance (cells L-1) Chlorophyll ( g L -1 ) Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
33 Diacyclops thomasi Cyanobacteria vs. Copepod Abundance Diacyclops thomasi nauplius 25 1e+9 1 Copepoda Abundance (inds. m -3 ) Mean Chl Cyanobacteria Abundance Copepoda Abundance 8e+8 6e+8 4e+8 2e+8 Cyanobacteria Abundance (cells L-1) Chlorophyll ( g L -1 ) Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
34 Cyanobacteria vs. Rotifer Abundance Polyarthra Asplanchna Brachionus 5 1e+9 1 Rotifera Abundance (inds. m -3 ) Mean Chl Cyanobacteria Abundance Rotifera Abundance 8e+8 6e+8 4e+8 2e+8 Cyanobacteria Abundance (cells L-1) Chlorophyll ( g L -1 ) Apr Jun Aug Oct Dec Feb
35 Summary of 1 st year findings Very little spatial variability of phytoplankton, protozoans or zooplankton Cyanobacteria had extended summer bloom with extremely high abundance Protozoan grazers (e.g. ciliates and dinoflagellates) may be influencing cyanobacteria blooms A variety of zooplankton grazers (e.g. cladocerans, copepods, rotifers) may also be influencing cyanobacteria blooms
36 Plans for future work Continue monitoring abundance and taxonomic composition of phytoplankton, protozoans, zooplankton and water quality in Vancouver Lake over a second annual cycle (at one station). Determine rate processes of cyanobacteria: - cyanobacteria growth - protozoan grazing (cyanobacteria death) - zooplankton grazing (cyanobacteria death). In long term, integrate plankton work into broader food web dynamics of the Lake, including fish and other higher level predators.
37 Population increase (growth rate) Population Size (number of individuals) Population decrease (death rate) Factors influencing cyanobacteria growth: nutrients light temperature mixing, etc. Factors influencing cyanobacteria death: protozoan grazers zooplankton grazers viruses, etc.
38 WSU Vancouver Aquatic Ecology Lab Group
39 WSU Project Personnel Steve Bollens, Ph.D., Professor and Director of Sciences, WSU Vancouver Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens, Ph.D., Clinical Assistant Professor, WSU Vancouver Molli McDonald, M.Sc., Research Associate, WSU Vancouver Celia Ross, M.Sc., Research Associate, WSU Vancouver Alejandro Gonzalez, M.Sc., Research Associate, WSU Vancouver Jennifer Duerr, M.Sc. candidate in Environmental Sciences Josh Emerson, M.Sc. candidate in Environmental Sciences And others in our aquatic ecology research group of 12 people to help out as needed.
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41 Cyanobacteria Abundance (Clark County Volunteer Lake Monitoring Data) Density (#/ml) _Sept 17_June 13_July 5_Aug 29_Aug 12_Sept 26_Sept 24_Oct 3_May 15_June 27_June 1_July 28_July 12_Aug 28_Aug 11_Sept 28_Sept 13_Oct 3_Oct 3_Oct 8_June 22_June 6_July 24_July 2_Aug 16_Aug 27_Aug 11_Sept 25_Sept 1_Oct Anabaena flos-aquae Aphanizomenon flos-aquae Anabaena circinalis Lyngbya sp.
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Plankton Monitoring and Zooplankton Grazing Assessment in Vancouver Lake, WA Stephen Bollens and Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens Washington State University Vancouver Year Two Annual Report (March 28 February
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