Irina Feniova, Yury Dgebuadze, Vladimir Razlutski, Anna Palash, Elena Sysova, Jacek Tunowski, Andrew Dzialowski

Transcription

1 Irina Feniova, Yury Dgebuadze, Vladimir Razlutski, Anna Palash, Elena Sysova, Jacek Tunowski, Andrew Dzialowski

2 Studied cladoceran species in the order of body size from largest to smallest Sida crystallina Daphnia magna Daphnia pulex Simocephalus vetulus Simocephalus exspinosus Daphnia galeata Daphnia longispina Daphnia hyalina Daphnia cuculata Ceriodaphnia reticulata Ceriodaphnia quadrangula Diaphanosoma brachyurum Daphnia longispina Daphnia magna Ceriodaphnia reticulata

3 Biomass (mg) of adults at the onset of maturity. Species are listed from largest to smallest biomass st. error Daphnia galeata 0, , Daphnia longispina 0, , Daphnia. hyalina 0, , Daphnia cuculata 0, , Ceriodaphnia reticulata 0, , Ceriodaphnia quadrangula 0, , Diaphanosoma brachyurum 0, , Bosmina crassicornis 0, , Ceriodaphnia pulchella, 0, , Bosmina longispina 0, , Bosmina coregoni 0, , Pleuroxus aduncus 0, , Chydoris sphaericus 0, , Bosmina longirostris 0, ,000351

4 Increases in juvenile body mass per day per unit of body weight in neonates of small and large bodied species 3 D.pulex S.vetulus D.galeata C.quadrangula D.brachyurum 2,5 2 1,5 1 0, С 21 С 27 С

5 The main goal Determine if there is a shift in competitive advantage from small to large bodied species and vice versa under the temperature effects

6 1)Large bodied species are better competitors than small bodied species and can displace small bodied species in the absence of fish predation (Brooks, Dodson, 1965; Gliwicz, 2003); 2)Cyanobacteria can clog filtering appendages (Gliwicz,, Siedlar 1980; Gliwicz 1990; de Bernardi R. and Giussani G. 1990; Bednarska, Dawidowicz, 2007). Large-bodied zooplankton exhibit reduced population growth rates when fed diets consisting of cyanobacteria (Arnold, 1971; de Bernardi, Giussani, 1990; Graham et al., 2000). In contrast, it has been suggested that smallbodied zooplankton are less impacted by cyanobacteria and therefore may gain a competitive advantage over large-bodied taxa when cyanobacteria are abundant (Webster, Peters, 1978; Fulton, 1988; Fulton, Paerl, 1987); 3)The competitive ability of small bodied cladocerans increases with increasing temperature and they become more competitive than large bodied species (Moore M.V., Folt C.L., Stemberger R.S., 1996); 4)Enhanced temperature accelerates the population growth rate of zooplankton, resulting in abrubt declines in the abundance of algal food resource, increased competition, and reductions in the number of coexisting competitive species (Beisner B.E., McCauley E. & Wrona F.J., 1997).

7 Threshold food concentration (R*), b=d x1000 cells/ml DAYS

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9 Lake Licheńskie Lake Slesinskie Lake Skulska Wieś

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12 Characteristics of the lakes Lakes area (ha) Max. depth (m) Average depth (m) Licheńskie Ślesińskie Skulska Wieś

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14 Dynamics of biomass of cladoceran species (mg/l) in Lake Skulska Wieś

15 Dynamics of biomass of cladoceran species (mg/l) in Lake Slesinskie 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0, Июль D. galeata Bosmina coregoni Ceriodaphnia reticulata D. galeata D. hyalina Alona affinis D. cuculata Ceriodaphnia reticulata Ceriodaphnia quadrangula D. brachyurum Bosmina longispina Bosmina coregoni Pleuroxus aduncus Chydoris sphaericus Bosmina longirostris

16 Dynamics of biomass of cladoceran species (mg/l) in Lake Licheńskie D. galeata D. hyalina 0,3 D. cuculata Ceriodaphnia reticulata Ceriodaphnia pulchella D. brachyurum 0,2 Bosmina coregoni Chydoris sphaericus Bosmina longirostris 0, Bosmina longirostris Chydoris sphaericus Bosmina coregoni D. brachyurum Ceriodaphnia pulchella Ceriodaphnia reticulata D. cuculata D. hyalina D. galeata ИЮЛЬ

17 The number of species in the studied lakes in July Species Skulska Wieś Slesinskie Licheńskie D. galeata V D. longispina V D. hyalina V V D. cucullata V V C. reticulata V V V D. brachyurum V V V B. coregoni V V B. longirostris V V V

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20 Fecundity, death rate and population growth rate (r ) in the three studied lakes in July and August-September sampling periods

21 Allocation of the consumed energy among the main functions of individual cladocerans Ingestion Assimilated carbon Somatic growth Maintenance Reproduction

22 Experimental Set up

23 Regulation of the rate in the flow-through system

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31 Популяционная скорость роста. Высокая концентрация пищи.

32 Популяционная скорость роста. Низкая концентрация пищи.

33 Assessment of species suppression (Bpoly/Bmono) in laboratory competitive experiments. S. vetulus (I), D. magna (II),, D. brachyurum (III), and C. reticulata (IV). 1.2

34 Ingestion rate (μg Chl a/l) per unit of biomass per hour at different temperatures for D.pulex, D. magna and C. reticulata.

35 The combined effect of food supply and temperature on fitness for Daphnia s species and C. quadranula (a hypothesis). Food level

36 Influence of temperature on the population growth rate depends on the level of food supply; With rising temperature and decreasing level of food supply large-bodied species are replaced by small bodied species and vice verse; Replacement of large bodied species by small bodied species with rising temperature allows cladoceran communities to sustain their biomass at different temperatures and resource levels. This stability in biomass is important for the stability of the whole ecosystem; Thus, introduction of alien species can be a response to changes of food conditions and temperature and can provide stability of total biomass of cladoceran iti

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