ROMANIAN SEISMIC NETWORK

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1 ROMANIAN SEISMIC NETWORK Cristian Neagoe National Institute for Earth Physics (NIEP) Romania October, 2016, Dubrovnik, Croatia

2 MISSION: Research Tasks seismic source and seismotectonics seismic hazard assessment site effects and microzonation lithosphere structure and dynamics earthquake prediction assessment and mitigation of seismic risk Seismic Survey of Romania & National Seismic Network Operation and Maintenance National Institute for Earth Physics Romania's Technical Participation to global seismological monitoring in support of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) Advanced Seismic Data Collection Management System robust real-time data acquisition techniques reliable communications links rapid processing and exchange of earthquake information creating and handling of large data sets compilation of bulletins and earthquake catalogues

3 LOCAL SEISMICITY Seismic activity on the Romania territory is dominated by the Vrancea intermediate-depth ( km) earthquakes , h = 94 km, Mw = , h = 131 km, Mw = , h = 86.9 km, Mw = , h = 98.6 km, Mw = 6.0

4 SEISMIC MONITORING The network has digital seismic stations equipped with different high quality digitizers (Kinemetrics K2, Quanterra Q330, Quanterra Q330HR, PS6-26, Basalt), broadband and short period seismometers (CMG3ESP, CMG40T, KS2000, KS54000, KS2000, CMG3T, STS2, SH-1, S13, Mark l4c, Ranger, gs21, Mark l22) and acceleration sensors Episensor Kinemetrics In cooperation with the Kishinev Institute of Geophysics and Seismology, Republic of Moldova, five seismic stations have been installed in the Republic of Moldova. These seismic stations were installed at Leova (LEOM), Giurgiulesti (GIUM), Milestii Mici (MILM), Kishinev (KIS) and Soroca (SORM). 115 digital seismic stations (BB + SP)

5 SEISMIC MONITORING During DACEA project 8 seismic stations and 16 accelerometers were installed in Bulgaria

6 SEISMIC MONITORING 132 strong motion stations

7 SEISMIC MONITORING 23 strong motion stations 9 real-time seismic stations, installed in the same locations as correspondent strong motion stations (BSTR, BTMR, BVCR, INCR, CNCR, BAPR, BUC and BUC1) Seismic stations and strong motion in Bucharest area

8 SEISMIC MONITORING Bucovina Seismic Array (BURAR) Was deployed in the Northern part of Romania, near Benea village (Suceava county) Upgrade Is fully operational since August 2002, by continuously recording and transmitting data in real-time to the ROM NDC, in Magurele and to the National Data Center of USA (US NDC), in Florida. High-performance seismic monitoring system, consisting of 10 seismic stations located in boreholes and distributed over a 5 km 2 area: - 9 elements equipped with SP vertical sensors (GS-21, Geotech Instruments) - one station equipped with 3C BB sensor (KS 54000, Geotech Instruments) In February 2008, BURAR was upgraded by: - installing three new 3C BB sensors in three existing sites (BUR01, BUR05, and BUR09), and - adding two new elements (BUR32 and BUR33) CD-1.0 data are sent in real time to ROM NDC, in Magurele.

9 SEISMIC MONITORING Plostina seismo-acoustic array configuration Plostina array was deployed in the Vrancea epicentral area (2.5 km aperture) 7-element seismic array: PLOR (PLOR1, PLOR2, PLOR3, PLOR4, PLOR5, PLOR6 and PLOR7) 6-element infrasound array: IPLOR (IPH2, IPH3, IPH4, IPH5, IPH6 and IPH7) Sites 3 and 4 are additionally equipped with 3C magnetometers At the central element (4), an electric field mill and a weather station are installed The data are continuously recorded and real-time transmitted to ROM NDC, in Magurele

10 DATA EXCHANGE Data recorded by RSN, together with real time seismic data from several European stations (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Russia, Turkey, Georgia), are sent to the ROM NDC, in Magurele.

11 DATA CENTRE ORGANIZATION AND ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS - Two people perform duty service 24/7 - Interact with the authorities in case of earthquakes with M> 3.5 Data Center Control Room

12 DATA CENTRE ORGANIZATION AND ADDITIONAL PRODUCTS Helicorders are made in real-time PDF are made in near real-time Helicorders MLR (left), VRI (right) PDF (Probability Density Functions) VRI station

13 REAL-TIME STATUS Real time status of Seismic stations

14 DATA PROCESSING Automatic processing: - P-wave picking - event association - event localization - computation of magnitude - sending / SMS alerts Manual processing: - phase picking - event association - computation of magnitude - creation of database - sending reports/ bulletins

15 ANTELOPE PRODUCTS Peak Ground Velocity Peak Ground Accelereration Intensity map

16 DATA PROCESSING SeisComP3 provides the following features: - data acquisition - data quality control - data recording - real-time data exchange - network status monitoring - real-time data processing -issuing event alerts - waveform archiving - waveform data distribution - automatic event detection and location - interactive event detection and location - event parameter archiving - easy access to relevant information about stations, waveforms and recent earthquakes

17 PERMANENT GPS STATIONS Data acquisition is made in real time in RAW DATA format using the programs: Leica GNSS Spider and Septentrio Rx. The GPS Permanent stations have mixed equipment. A vast majority of them being equipments produced by Leica Company: SR530, GRX 1200 GGPro, GRX GNSS, GR10 and the newest GR30 receivers type and antenna models used are LEIAT504, LEIAT504GG, LEIAR10, LEIAX1202GG and 2 stations Septentrio. 24 GPS permanent stations

18 SEISMOLOGICAL OBSERVATORIES Bucovina Vrincioaia Timisoara Plostin a Dobrogea Buzias Deva Muntele Rosu Romanian network has 8 observatories all around the country, Dobrogea Observatory is the back-up for the NDC and also a monitoring center for Black Sea tsunami events.

19 EARTHQUAKE ALERT DISPATCHER Quake parameters Alert system Depth? SMS Magnitude? Is it local? Social media (Twitter, Facebook)

20 EWS EARLY WARNING SYSTEM REWS uses the time interval of seconds between the time when the P wave is detected at the surface, in Vrancea epicentral area, and the arrival time of the dangerous S wave at the site that needs to be protected. The theoretical seismic waves travelling time for an earthquake originating from Vrancea area. Since September 2013, there were recorded seven events in Vrancea with magnitude Ml>4.0. All these events were detected by EWS and alerts were sent to: S.C.N. Pitesti 16 early warning receivers at the emergency response units located in Bulgaria and Romania: 7 in Romania at Constanta, Calarași, Giurgiu, Teleorman, Dolj, Olt and Mehedinti and 9 receivers in Bulgaria, at: Montana, Vidin, Veliko Tarnovo, Ruse, Belene, Dobrich, Kozlodui, Kozlodui 2 and Silistra.

21 NIEP future plan Hardware Development - Four seismic stations will be installed in boreholes at the depth of 60 m. - NIEP has a portable network of 10 BB seismic stations - Two portable infrasound arrays were installed at BURAR and Marisel. - For now NIEP has a 384 TB storage system configured in RAID 6 Sofware development - Work to implement manually moment tensor - Calculation Mw in real time using data acceleration - ShakeMap update

22 Relation with ORFEUS and regional cooperation Cooperation with ORFEUS NIEP is part of the VEBSN. NIEP is the corporate founder for ORFEUS and is represented in the board of directors. NIEP is node for EIDA has one representative in EMB and ETC. Strong Motion Data of NIEP are included in Rapid Raw Strong Motion (RRSM) portal and Engineering Strong Motion (ESM) portal International and regional cooperation NIEP collaborates with FDSN NIEP data supplied by IRIS (BURAR array) NIEP has international cooperation with data centers (ISC, EMSC) and with neighboring countries. NIEP contribute to IMS with an auxiliary station. NIEP has bilateral cooperation with neighboring countries for data exchange.

23 EIDA - EUROPEAN INTEGRATED DATA ARCHIVE Data Sharing: BB Seismic stations from Romania SM Seismic stations from Romania and north Bulgaria Infrasound data from PLOR Array BB Seismic stations from Rep. Moldova BB Seismic stations from Bulgaria In the near future: Seismic stations from Serbia, Ukraine and Belarus EIDA web interface NIEP is an EIDA Primary Node

24 Current and future funding/projects Current projects EPOS -IP (European Plate Observing System) - research infrastructure and e-science for data and observatories on earthquakes, volcanoes, surface dynamics and tectonics ASTARTE (Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe) ARISE2 - is a collaborative infrastructure project Design Study project ( ) funded by the H2020 European Commission ARISTOTLE (All Risk Integrated System TOwards The holistic Early warning) DACEA (Danube cross-border system for earthquakes alert) - Romania-Bulgaria cross-border cooperation program GEOHAZARD (set-up and implementation of key core components of a regional early-warning system for marine geohazards of risk to the romanian-bulgarian black sea costal area) - Romania-Bulgaria cross-border cooperation program. Future projects Candidate tsunami warning centre for Black Sea in state of UNESCO cooperation International cooperation for Earthquake Early Warning System Development of education and outreach to connect with the community, teach about earthquake safety, and help the public better understand how earthquakes occur

25 Thank you for your attention!