FINAL REPORT For Japan-Korea Joint Seminar

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1 FINAL REPORT For Japan-Korea Joint Seminar AREA 1. Mathematics & Physics 2. Chemistry & Material Science 3. Biology 4. Informatics & Mechatronics 5. Geo-Science & Space Science 6. Medical Science 7. Humanities & Social Sciences 1. Title of Seminar: International Seminar on Gas Hydrate Studies at Lake Baikal and Okhotsk Sea 2. Period of Seminar: From Jan. 24, 2011 To Jan. 30, 2011 ( date ) ( date ) seven days 3. Place of Seminar: Kitami, Japan ( city ) ( country) 4. Total Budget a. Financial Support by JSPS: Total amount: 1,000 thousand yen b. Other Financial Support : Total amount: 0 thousand yen 5. Co-Organizers a. Japanese Organizer Name Hitoshi Shoji Institution / Position Kitami Institute of Technology / New Energy Resources Research Center b. Korean Organizer Name Young Keun Jin Institution / Position Korea Polar Research Institute/Polar Earth System Research/ Principal Researcher 1

2 6. Participants a. List of Japanese-side Participants (Except for Organizer) Name Institution/ Position Nobuo Takahashi Kitami Institute of Technology/ of Satoshi Yamashita Kitami Institute of Technology/ of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hirotsugu Minami Kitami Institute of Technology/ of Associate Akihiro Hachikubo Kitami Institute of Technology/ New Energy Resources Research Center Associate Hirotoshi Sakagami Kitami Institute of Technology/ of Assistant Ryo Matsumoto Hitoshi Tomaru Masato Kida University of Tokyo/ of Earth and Planetary Science University of Tokyo/ of Earth and Planetary Science National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology/ Methane Hydrate Research Center Research Associate Researcher b. List of Korean-side Participants (Except for Organizer) Name Institution/ Position Dong-Jin Kang Korea Ocean Research and Development Principal Researcher Institute/ Marine Instrument Service and Calibration Kyung Ho Chung Korea Polar Research Institute/Polar Earth System Research Principal Researcher c. List of Other Countries Participants Name Institution/ Position Anatoly Obzhirov V.I. Il ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB / RAS/Laboratory of Gas Geochemistry Marc De Batist Shirish Patil Oleg Khlystov Boris Baranov Ghent University/ Renard Center of Marine Geology University of Alaska Fairbanks/ of Petroleum Engineering Limnological Institute SB RAS/Laboratory of Geology of Lake Baikal P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS/ Laboratory of Geodynamics and Paleoceanology Number of Participants: Japanese: 9 Korean: 3 Others: 5 2

3 7. Objective of Seminar 1) Objectives Objectives of this seminar are to exchange field/laboratory-obtained data mainly at Lake Baikal and the Okhotsk Sea in depth and to recognize problems to be solved for understanding gas hydrate formation mechanisms near the water bottom. The outcome of this seminar will be published as a report containing target study subjects for further investigations. 2) Okhotsk Sea Study Geophysical and sediment core analyses at the Okhotsk Sea reveal that different conditions exist between northern and southern areas of the Lavrentyev Fault Zone offshore Sakhalin Island, which are summarized as below. Multi-parameter cross correlation approach is needed to understand gas hydrate formation mechanisms and to extract major factors to control the formation processes activated at the two areas. Features at Seepage Structure Sites North South Gas Plume Height Tall Short Number Density of Gas Plume Low High Coincidence of Plume to Seepage Structure Clear Unclear Coincidence of Plume to Gas Chimney Clear Unclear Sub-bottom Depth of visible gas hydrate layers Shallow Deep Sulfate Methane Interface (SMI) Sallow Deep Sediment Slumping and Debris Flow along the Slope Existed Non-existed Possible Age of Gas Hydrate Formation Young Old Carbonate Formation Activity High Low. 3) Lake Baikal Study Much less numbers of gas plumes were observed at Lake Baikal compared with the NE Sakhalin slope, Okhotsk Sea. Gas hydrate bearing sediment cores in the Okhotsk Sea are usually recovered at gas plume sites (flares positions observed by hydro-acoustic measurements), while this is not the case for Lake Baikal except for only a few areas. K-2 site at the Central Basin of Lake Baikal where gas hydrates with clathrate structure I and II coexist was found based on gas chimney information from seismic data without gas plume observation. Carbonate formation activity at Lake Baikal is quite low due to the low contents of SO 2- and Ca 2+ in lake water compared with those in sea water in the Okhotsk Sea. These conditions observed at Lake Baikal and the Okhotsk Sea suggest that dynamic processes of gas hydrate formation may vary with time and positions, leading to the following important questions: Are hydrates growing or decaying near the bottom of lake or sea now? If the volume of gas hydrates varies with time, is that due to the changes of methane flux from deep places? To get answers for these questions, we need to investigate the present conditions more precisely. 4) Future Targets of Investigations Multiple factors affect gas hydrate formation processes in a different manner depending on each site. Integration of multidisciplinary observation data is essential to understand gas hydrate formation behavior at one site. Identification of problems for our study should be performed through multi-correlations of obtained data within the limit of our knowledge. This seminar provides a unique occasion for comprehensive overviews with researchers each of whom is conducting a component measurement usually. Finalized Problems and Solutions to be included in the outcome report will serve as future targets of investigations for gas hydrate study. 3

4 8. Schedule and Topics of Seminar Day 1: January 24 Organizing Committee Meeting for Seminar Scheduling. K. Jin, K. H. Chung and D-J. Kang Day 2: January 25 The 3 rd International Workshop on Gas Hydrate Studies and Other Related Topics-Okhotsk Sea and Lake Baikal 9:30 Opening Remarks: Dr. K. Ayuta, President of KIT (chaired by H. Shoji) 9:40 Lecture 1 by Dr. Y. K. Jin (chaired by A. Hachikubo) 10:00 Lecture 2 by Dr. B. Baranov (chaired by A. Hachikubo) 10:20 Lecture 3 by Dr. A. Obzhirov (chaired by A. Hachikubo) 10:40 Lecture 4 by Dr. D-J. Kang (chaired by A. Hachikubo) 11:00 Tea Break 11:15 Lecture 5 by Dr. M. DeBatist (chaired by H. Minami) 11:35 Lecture 6 by Dr. O. Khlystov (chaired by H. Minami) 11:55 Lecture 7 by Dr. M. Kida (chaired by H. Minami) 12:15 Additional Lecture by Dr. M. De Batist (chaired by H. Minami) 12:35 Lunch Break 13:40 Lecture 8 by Dr. A. Hachikubo (chaired by H. Tomaru) 14:00 Lecture 9 by Dr. H. Minami (chaired by H. Tomaru) 14:20 Lecture 10 by Dr. R. Matsumoto (chaired by H. Tomaru) 14:40 Lecture 11 by Dr. S. Patil (chaired by H. Tomaru) 15:00 Closing Remarks: Dr. K. H. Chung, Principal Research Scientist in KOPRI Plenary Meeting for Seminar Scheduling. K. Jin, K. H. Chung, D-J. Kang, B. Baranov, A. Obzhirov, M. De Batist, O. Khlystov, S. Patil, M. Kida, R. Matsumoto and H. Tomaru. Day 3: January 26 Discussions on Problems and Solutions of Chapter 4 (Gas Analysis), 5 (Water Chemistry) and 6 (Water Column Study). K. Jin, K. H. Chung, B. Baranov, A. Obzhirov, M. De Batist, O. Khlystov, S. Patil, M. Kida, R. Matsumoto and H. Tomaru. Day 4: January 27 Discussions on Problems and Solutions of Chapter 2 (Okhotsk Sea), 3 (Lake Baikal) and 9 (Field Operations) - Participants: H. Shoji, S. Yamashita, H. Minami, A. Hachikubo, H. Sakagami, Y. K. Jin, K. H. Chung, B. Baranov, A. Obzhirov, M. De Batist, O. Khlystov, S. Patil, M. Kida and H. Tomaru. Day 5: January 28 Discussions on Problems and Solutions of Chapter 7 (Sediment Lithology) and 8 (Analytical Techniques). - Participants: H. Shoji, S. Yamashita, H. Minami, A. Hachikubo, H. Sakagami, Y. K. Jin, K. H. Chung, B. Baranov, A. Obzhirov, M. De Batist, O. Khlystov, S. Patil, M. Kida and H. Tomaru. Day 6: January 29 Plenary Meeting for Outcome Report drafting K. Jin, K. H. Chung, B. Baranov, A. Obzhirov, M. De Batist, O. Khlystov, S. Patil, M. Kida and H. Tomaru. Day 7: January 30 Plenary Meeting, Final - Completion and Distribution of the first draft of the Outcome Report 4

5 - Further works for the publication of the Report 9. Research Trend at Home and Abroad Gas hydrates are natural gas reservoirs in ice-like crystalline solids and have been discovered in pore spaces of submarine and sublacustrine sediments in water depths greater than about 400 m. They have been recovered in many world s oceans both at larger sub-bottom depths by drilling and near the seafloor in shallow cores. In the latter case they are related to the sites of enhanced seepage such as cold seeps and mud volcanoes [Ginsburg and Soloviev, 1998]. Gas hydrates are potential energy resources for the future as well as storages of greenhouse gas. Methane hydrates exist near sea bottom around areas of cold seeps NE offshore Sakhalin in the Sea of Okhotsk [Ginsburg et al., 1993; Biebow and Hutten 1999; Biebow et al., 2003]. Multidisciplinary field operations were performed to investigate seepage characteristics for an understanding of gas hydrate formation mechanisms. A continuous survey was conducted to obtain a floor map of seepage structure distribution by using a deep-tow, side-scan-sonar equipment [Shoji et al., 2005; Jin et al., 2007, 2008]. The seepage structure distribution revealed that the densely distributed area coincides with a stepped slope with sediment deformation possibly caused by repeated sediment slumping and debris flow in the past. We suppose that this deformation may create shallow faults to serve as conduits for migration and discharge of gas and fluid [Baranov, et al., 2008; Shoji et al., 2009]. Methane in gas hydrate and pore water is of microbial origin [Hachikubo et al., 2009] and seeping out with or without water from depths below sea floor [Minami et al., 2009]. Four mud volcano provinces uniting fourteen mud volcanoes, the gas seep field, Goloustnoe and the oil and gas seep field, Gorevoy Utes were discovered until now on the lake floor of Lake Baikal. Subsurface gas hydrates of different textures were retrieved from the sediments of eight mud volcanoes and of both seep fields. In most cases, dissolved gas and hydrate gas contain 98 % of methane of bacterial origin. Hydrates containing thermogenic ethane were first found at the K-2 structure, and thermogenic methane was later found at Gorevoy Utes [Kalmychkov et al., 2006]. It was also found that hydrates of cubic structure II (CS-II) co-existed with cubic structure I (CS-I) in the K-2 mud volcano [Kida, 2006]. In 2008, an unusual form of hydrate and bitum coexistance was discovered at the lake bottom near Gorevoy Utes [Khlystov et al., 2009]. New sites of shallow gas hydrate formation are still searched now and are being discovered both at Lake Baikal and offshore Sakhalin, Sea of Okhotsk. Data exchange and field collaborations are expanding to a larger scale among Japan, Russia and Belgium for Lake Baikal studies, and among Japan, Korea and Russia for Okhotsk Sea studies. This Joint Seminar offered a unique opportunity to join these two forces for a better understanding of shallow gas hydrate formation mechanisms. References Baranov B.V. and others (2008). Gas Hydrate System of the Eastern Sakhalin Slope: Geophysical approach. KOPRI, 116 p. Biebow N. and Hutten E. (1999). Cruise Report KOMEX I and II, GEOMAR, 188 p. Biebow N. and others (2003). KOMEX Cruise Report 110, GEOMAR, 176 p. Ginsburg G. D. and others (1993) Geo-Marine Letters 13, Ginsburg G. D. and Soloviev V.A. (1998) Submarine gas hydrates. VNIIOkeangeologia, 216 p. Hachikubo, A. and others (2009) Journal of Geography 118, Jin, Y.K. and others (2007) Hydro-Carbon Hydrate Accumulations in the Okhotsk Sea (CHAOS-III Project). KOPRI, 132 p. Jin Y. K. and others (2008). Operation Report of SSGH Project 2008, KOPRI, 64 p. Kalmychkov G. V. and others (2006) Dokl Earth Sci 411A: Khlystov O. M. and others (2009). Dokl Earth Sci 415: Kida M and others (2006) Geophys Res Lett. 33, L Minami, H. and others (2009) Journal of Geography, 118, Shoji, H. and others (2005) Eos, Vol. 86, No. 2, 11 January 2005, 13, 18. Shoji, H. and others (2009) Journal of Geography, 118,

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