The submarine landscape of the Mediterranean Israeli continental slope

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1 The submarine landscape of the Mediterranean Israeli continental slope Oded Katz 1, Einav Reuven 1,2, Einat Aharonov 2 1. Geological Survey of Israel 2. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

2 This work: We study the bathymetry and near surface geology off the coast of Israel. This is now feasible due to a recently released bathymetry grid: National bathymetric grid IOLR, GSI (Sade et al., 2006, 2008); Resolution: 15 m grid till water depth of 700 and 50 m grid till water depth of 1750 m. Motivation: 1. Connecting surface geomorphic features to past and present geological processes; 2. Hazard evaluation (landslides, active faulting). -3 Water depth (m) km Hadera Tel Aviv Ashqelon LS Natanya

3 Objectives of the work: 1. Mapping landslides and related surface features (steps trenches); 2. Analyzing landslide mechanics, slope stability and triggering conditions; 3. Hazard mapping (seismic and infrastructure related: gas lines and facilities). Studied area: Israeli continental slope, water depth range 100 >1000 m. -3 Water depth (m) LS Hadera Natanya Previous works: Almagor and Garfunkel, 1979; Almagor, 1983; Garfunkel and Almagor, 1985; Gradmann et al., 2005; Mart and Ryan, 2007; and more. 40 km Tel Aviv Ashqelon

4 Funding: Steering Committee for Earthquake Preparedness, Israel ( ) - to GSI; Ministry of Science and Technology ( ): 1. Katz, O. (GSI), Aharonov, E. (HU), Klar, A. (Technion); 2. Makovsky, Y. (UH), Tibor, G. (IOLR), Kamishny, A. (BGU). הטכניון מכון טכנולוגי לישראל האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים

5 Continental slope off the Israeli coast A A A x10 vertical exaggeration A TA 0 No vertical exaggeration Water depth (m) Slope =

6 Canyon Land Continental slope offshore Israel; Open Slope with landslides Hadera Tel Aviv (Why are there two provinces of different behavior?)

7 Dor disturbance Large geomorphic features (e.g. Almagor & Garfunkel, 1979) 10 km Palmahim disturbance Hadera 15 km Tel Aviv

8 Geological structure (Almagor and Garfunkel, 1979) Pliocene-Quaternary silt and clay 2. Messinian evaporites

9 Gradmann et al., 2005 Salt tectonic offshore Israel

10 Similarity of landslides geometry: t/l ~ 0.1 e.g. Klar, Aharonov, Katz, 2011 H l t Thus: Palmahim disturbance: l ~ 10 km t ~ 1 km Shallow landslides: l ~ 1 km t ~ 0.1 km

11 Slope Map with mapped Mapping targets (south of ): 1. landslides Landslides (scars and deposits); 2. like lineaments (growth faults); 3. Trenches > Landslide /channel Slope angle This talk 33.0 N In this talk: Map of submarine landscape in the area south of Hadera Natanya Tel Aviv 32.0 N 34.0 E 35.0 E km Ashqelon

12 Water depth (m) Simple (and Simple apparently landslide younger) landslide Scar N S W E ~50 m A Toe Perspective view Toe Scar 1 km A A Slope = 15 A Map view :2 vertical exaggeration

13 Water depth (m) Complex (and Complex apparently landslide older) landslide A N S N S Scar Scar Scar A Perspective view Map view A A Slope = 25 1:2 vertical exaggeration 2 km

14 Landslide /channel 40 km W Large landslide E Hadera Natanya 5 km N Map view S Tel Aviv Ashqelon Perspective view

15 s (growth faults) Landslide /channel 40 km Hadera Natanya Tel Aviv Ashqelon

16 N S W A s (growth faults) E ~85 m ~60 m Perspective view 2 km Map view A Line 2057-IS A A Base Pliocene Base Messinian Fault interpretation: Ecolog

17 Landslide Line /channel 2057-IS 40 km Channel Trench W 4 km E Base Pliocene Base Messinian Hadera Map view Natanya E W Tel Aviv ~40 m Ashqelon Perspective view

18 Summary Slides become smaller northwards, and are characteristic of the southern province. Landslides, both young and old, either emerge from the over-steepened steps (growth faults), or are displaced by them, and hence submarine landslides and steps are apparently contemporaneous. These slides are smaller and different than the two main disturbances, Palmahim and Dor. Salt dynamics at depth is a main drive for at least some of the shallow landslides. The above preliminary results testify to the complicated and highly dynamic nature of the studied continental slope, yet to be revealed. Future finding are relevant to the energy industry and infrastructure as well as to general seismic hazard analysis and regulations. Landslide /channel 40 km Ashqelon Tel Aviv Hadera Natanya

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