Year 8 Revision for final summative assessment in June 2017

Transcription

1 Year 8 Revision for final summative assessment in June 2017 Your final summative assessment in Geography takes place in Week 6 of the summer term. This assessment makes up 20% of your Holmwood House Certificate. The questions that you will be asked to respond to will be similar to those in your assessments you sat at the end of the summer term in Year 7 and during the Autumn term in Year 8. Many questions will require you to recall facts and concepts learnt since the beginning of year 6. Other questions will require you to respond to data such as graphs, pictures and diagrams. To start, you should read through and highlight key terms within this document. Revise the topics indicated and complete the practice questions. The most effective way to revise is to undertake these questions - the questions are similar to the ones that will appear in your assessment paper.

2 In week 4 you were given a set of practice questions to undertake. These covered two major topics - Earthquakes and Volcanoes and Weather and Climate. Make sure you complete these. Questions on other topics appear in this document. Here are the topics you will be assessed on in the forthcoming paper:- Global Location - I have restricted this to North America for this assessment. OS map skills - you will be asked questions based on a map extract. Earthquakes and Volcanoes Weather and Climate - to include questions based on the microclimate of Holmwood House. Rivers - to include questions on flooding. Settlement Industrial Location - your question will be based on the recent group work activity. Your main sources for revision are:- The Essentials sheets on the school s web site (you have hard copies in your Learning Log). Revise the following essential sheets:- Map skills - the essentials! Earthquakes and Volcanoes the essentials!

3 Economic Activity the essentials! Rivers the essentials! Weather and Climate the essentials! Settlement and Population the essentials! Transport and Industry the essential! Please note that the essentials sheets also cover the case studies that you need to know about, These case studies are:- Mount St, Helens eruption in 1980 Nepal earthquake of 2015 Japanese earthquake and tsunami of 2011 Flooding in Somerset in 2013/14 and Bangladesh in 1998 East Village in Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park - A case study of a planned housing project developed in an environmentally sensitive way. Exercise Books you have information in three to four exercise books; these include all your work in geography from the beginning of Year 6. You are not expected to know everything in these books read through them but use them as a backup to your main sources of revision the CGP KS3 Revision Guide, Essentials sheets and past papers/examination questions.

4 PLEASE NOTE! There are aspects of the syllabus which are not adequately covered by the Revision Guide you will definitely need to refer to your exercise book in these instances e.g. map of tectonic plate boundaries showing where destructive, constructive and conservative plate boundaries are located - shown well in your exercise book but not in the Revision Guide. Such instances will be highlighted in the topic list below. Be aware that there are topics in your CGP KS3 Revision Guide that do not appear in the CE examination e.g. Farming and the work of Ice. Do not revise these topics! Just follow the instructions in this document! Learning Log and e-learning Log - this is where you will find Google slideshows (e.g. Somerset Floods, River Brett and Microclimate of HH, extra worksheets, information sheets, completed past papers, practice examination questions, A4 case study sheets and hard copies of the Essentials revision sheets. CGP KS3 Geography Revision Guide. You should all have your own copy see me if you need a replacement. Below is a breakdown of the topics that appear in the rest of the paper. You must know all of these. You can find information on all these topics either in your exercise books or in your class folder BUT your Essentials revision sheets are the main source of revision for this section. I have provided page numbers from the revision guide if you prefer to use this for revision but, remember, your case studies are written out on A4 sheets which will be either be glued into one of your exercise books or found in your class folder

5 Section A - Global Location I have limited your revision to North America - you need to know the location of the Rockies, the Mississippi, the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Arctic Circle, the Prime meridian, the Tropic of Cancer, Canada, Mexico, New York, Los Angeles and Washington DC. Section B Thematic Studies Remember, you are not expected to know every detail! You should revise key points; writing these down on an A5 card will help you break down this information into more manageable chunks for revision (you have practiced doing this in prep). Rivers Processes of Weathering - Physical (Freeze/Frost shattering, onion-skin), Chemical and Biological weathering (RG pages 29 and 30). Processes of erosion Hydraulic Action, Abrasion, Corrosion and Attrition (RG pages 53 for rivers and 59 for coasts). Processes of Transportation Solution, Suspension, traction, Saltation, swash, backwash and Longshore Drift (not in RG; see exercise book). River landforms and processes Waterfall and Meander (RG pages 54 and 55). Remember! - annotating a diagram means that you have to explain what is going on i.e. the processes such as types of erosion, types of weathering etc.

6 The causes and effects of and responses to a flood the Bangladesh flood of 1998 (RG pages 56 and 57) and the Somerset Floods of 2013/14 (in your exercise book and on Google Slides). Earthquakes and Volcanoes The global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes. Make sure you know where the Pacific Ring of Fire and Mid-Atlantic Ridge are located! (RG page 17 your exercise book is better for this). How to annotate a diagram of a destructive plate boundary, where oceanic and continental plates meet this is very important! (RG page 16 - Also, look at the diagram in your Year 6 exercise book). Volcanoes what happens when volcanoes erupt? (RG page 19). Different types of volcanoes a Shield volcano and a Composite volcano (RG page 19). The internal structure of a volcano layers of ash and lava, main cone, secondary cone, main vent, secondary vent, magma chamber (RG page 19 and exercise book). Earthquakes Focus, Epicentre, seismic waves (RG page 18). Earthquakes Why are earthquakes so destructive? Why are MEDCs better prepared than LEDCs (RG pages 20-23). An example both of an earthquake and a volcano to show the nature, causes, environmental and human effects and human responses - one example from an MEDC ( Mount St Helens in the USA ) and one from an LEDC (The Asian Tsunami of 2004 yes the Tsunami was caused by an earthquake). Information on both are found in your exercise books and on the A4 case study sheets.

7 Weather and Climate The difference between weather and climate (RG top of page 37 and page 41). Microclimates - the influence of aspect, shelter, buildings, surface and natural features in relation to microclimates (RG page 40). Make sure you revise your Google Slideshow on Holmwood House s microclimate. Weather Instruments (RG page 41). The Water Cycle - evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, interception, surface run-off, infiltration and throughflow (RG pages 45 and 46). Factors affecting temperature Latitude, Altitude, Distance from the sea, Ocean currents and the prevailing wind (RG page 38). Rainfall relief, convectional, frontal. How to draw or annotate a diagram and explain the formation of different types of rainfall (RG page 42). Causes of temperature and rainfall variation from place to place in the British Isles - the main temperature and rainfall patterns in the British Isles the influence of latitude, altitude, relief, prevailing winds, distance from coast and the impact of the North Atlantic Drift (Essentials sheet - Quick revision Sheet on Britain s Weather and Climate). Settlement The reasons for the site, shape, situation, growth and nature of

8 individual settlements - the factors which early settlers considered when choosing sites for new settlements and the reasons why some settlements grew and others did not (exercise book and Settlement Booklets). Settlement hierarchies - The relationship between the provision of goods and services and settlement size (exercise book and Settlement Booklets). The management of urban development - a case study of a planned or completed housing/facilities project developed in an environmentally sensitive way, e.g. Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park (exercise book and Settlement Booklets). Industrial Location The four different categories of industry - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary (exercise book). Factors affecting the location of each of these categories of industry (see your group and individual work in your exercise book). And that s about it! Make sure you do as many practice examination questions as you can between now and your assessment. A final note Examinations are important and people get nervous. The best way to approach examinations is to be well prepared. Your responses to questions will be more effective if you are relaxed and confident in your preparation. Now have a go at the following practice questions.

9 Earthquakes and Volcanoes 1. (a) The diagram below shows a simple cross section of the Earth. Complete the labels. (4) (b) Name an earthquake you have studied:... (i) Describe the causes of your chosen earthquake.

10 ... (4) (ii) In which ways did people respond to the earthquake?... (4) 2.

11 (a) On the above diagram of a destructive plate boundary, mark and label the following: (i) oceanic plate (ii) continental plate (iii) volcano (iv) where an earthquake may occur (4) (b) Add arrows to the diagram to show the direction in which the two plates are moving. (2) (c) Look at the diagram below showing the focus and epicentre of an earthquake and the surrounding areas.

12 (i) Why is it likely that shaking will be stronger at A than at B?... (1)

13 (ii) Will the damage be greater at A or at B? Explain your answer (3) Look at the following Prezi presentation on the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens:- act=8&ved=0ahukewjfrtn3m4tuahwcjmakhzitd84qfgghmaa&url=https%3a% 2F%2Fprezi.com%2Fd3djmojk-qav%2Fmount-st-helens%2F&usg=AFQjCNE9DoSc 02msw9szHj0uguP_yJ2q5A 3. (i)name and locate a major volcanic eruption you have studied.... (2)

14 (ii) In the space below draw the internal structure of a typical composite volcano (steep with layers of ash and lava). Add the following labels: Magma Chamber, Conduit (main vent), crater, parasitic cone, lava flow, ash cloud, layers of ash and lava, crust, lahar and volcanic bombs. (12)

15 (iii) Explain what the following volcano related terms mean:- Lahar... (2) Pyroclastic Flow... (2) (iv) For your chosen case study, outline the short term and long term impacts (effects) of the volcanic eruption. Short term... (4) Long term

16 ... (4) (v) How did people and the authorities (both local and national) prepare in the run up to the eruption?.. (3) (vi) How did people and the authorities (both local and national) respond to the actual eruption? (6) 4. Study the information below.

17 Mount Kelud, a volcano in Indonesia, erupted in It threw huge amounts of ash over a large area, including the city of Surabaya. (i) On which island is Mount Kelud? (1) (ii) Give the compass direction from Mount Kelud to the city of Surabaya... (1)

18 (iii) Give the distance in kilometres from Mount Kelud to the capital city, Jakarta. Underline the correct answer below. 450 km 550 km 650 km 750 km (1) (iv) Complete the box below to give the latitude and longitude of Mount Kelud. Latitude Longitude Mount Kelud 113 East (1) (b) Suggest how the ash from this eruption caused a hazard for people in Surabaya.... (2) (c) Describe two ways scientists can monitor the activity of a volcano. Way 1... Description

19 ... Way 2... Description... (4) (d) Describe ways in which the effects of earthquakes can be reduced. Use one or more examples to help your answer (you will have to research this one).... (6)

20 Now re-do two questions that you had a go at last time (these questions were set during Easter). See if you can improve your answers. 5. Study the map below. a. Describe the distribution of volcanoes in New Zealand.... b. Read the passage below. (1 mark)

21 Ruapehu is the largest active volcano in New Zealand. It is a stratovolcano made of successive layers of lava and ash deposits. Fine ash to volcanic bombs are produced in every eruption. The crater lake causes magma to cool quickly and explode violently, leading to fine ash eruptions.there are also frequent lahars produced during eruptions, which flowrapidly down the slopes of the volcano. Identify one volcanic hazard in the passage above and explain why it is a danger to people and property. (5 marks) c.using the words from the wordbox below, complete the following passage:- The active volcanoes in New Zealand are part of a long line of volcanic eruptions known as the... In the North Island the Pacific plate is being pushed under the Australian plate. This boundary is called a boundary. Ring of fire Pacific Ocean conservative destructive Atlantic Ocean

22 6. Name a tectonic event (earthquake or volcanic eruption) you have studied in detail. named event:... (i) Explain the causes of this tectonic event.... (2) (ii) Give one physical and one human impact. physical impact: human impact: (4)

23 (iii) In your opinion, how helpful was the emergency response to your chosen tectonic hazard? (5) 7. Look at the map of Iceland below.

24 (i) What type of boundary is being shown here? (1 mark) (ii) In the space below, add annotations and additional arrows to the diagram to explain how volcanoes (like Krafia - shown on the map) are formed on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

25 (4 marks) (iii) In your opinion, why do volcanoes on destructive plate boundaries often cause more damage than those on constructive plate boundaries?

26 (5) (iv) Why do earthquakes and volcanic eruptions affect people more in LEDCs (Lower Economically Developed Countries) compared to MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries)? (5)

27 Weather and Climate (a) What is the difference between climate and microclimate?... (2) (b) Read the statements in the box to help answer the questions which follow. The ever-increasing demands for new buildings for businesses and homes in London is having a big impact on the city s climate and is even making it hotter. Buildings and roads act as giant stores of heat. Factories, homes and offices are all sources of heat. The temperature difference between London and the surrounding area can be as high as 10 C.

28 Explain why urban areas such as London are often warmer than the surrounding countryside.... (3) All of you composed and presented a Google slide show on a weather hazard of your choice. Most of you chose a tropical storm (hurricane, typhoon, cyclone). Use this information to answer the following questions. If you chose another type of weather hazard, please click on the following web site to help you answer the question below. AKHVnGDWsQFghkMA0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coolgeography.co.uk%2FA-level%2FAQA%2FYear%252013%2FWeathe r%2520and%2520climate%2fhurricanes%2fhurricane_katrina.htm&usg=afqjcnezvxdyrwfpniigwkxcjhdk8bhv0q 2. Study the map below. It shows the path of a severe tropical storm during November The path taken by Typhoon Haiyan (a severe tropical storm).

29 (i) Use information from the map above to underline the correct answers in the passage below. Typhoon Haiyan started in the Pacific Ocean / South China Sea / Sulu Sea and crossed over the Philippines just to the north of the city of Samar / Leyte / Manila. It then moved in a north easterly / south westerly / north westerly direction towards Vietnam. The country which was hit by the strongest winds was Vietnam / Laos / Philippines. (4) (ii) Typhoon Haiyan produced winds of over 200 mph. For a named tropical storm you have studied describe two ways in which very strong winds can cause problems for people. Name of tropical storm...

30 Way 1... Way 2... (4) (d) How did people and the authorities (local and national) respond to your named tropical storm?... (6)

31 3. (a) Aspect is one factor which influences the microclimate of a place. Give two other factors which can affect microclimates. 1:... 2:... (4) (c) Look at this diagram of a house and garden and answer the questions opposite. Explain how the temperature of each location, A and B, is affected by microclimate factors. A:

32 ... B:... (4) (d) Match the correct word to the correct definition by drawing a straight line between the word and the answer. evaporation transpiration condensation the loss of water from plants and trees precipitation landing on plants, trees and buildings the movement of water under the Earthʼs surface interception the process of liquids turning into gases throughflow the process of gases turning into liquids (5) 5. The microclimate of Holmwood House is varied (different). There are a number of factors that can lead to differences in microclimate. (a) Can you name and explain two of these factors. Refer to Holmwood House when explaining these. Factor 1.

33 . Factor 2. (8) (b) There are three different types of rainfall. Draw fully annotated diagrams of all three in the following boxes:-

34

35 (6)

36 (6)

37 Rivers Read the following news article on the 2011 Brisbane Floods. Havoc as flood peak hits Brisbane Thousands of people were forced to evacuate their properties as the Brisbane River hit the first of two predicted major flood peaks in the Queensland capital this afternoon. December 2010 was Queensland s wettest on record. Tropical Cyclone Tasha has brought further heavy rainfall. Homes and businesses were inundated in more than 30 suburbs as the river, swollen by water being discharged from the overloaded Wivenhoe Dam, reached 4.2 metres and rising. The surging waters are expected to reach around 5.5 metres. It is expected that 20,000 homes in the city will be flooded. Adapted from ABC News, January 12, 2011 (a) Identify two natural causes of the 2011 Brisbane Floods. 1:... 2:... (2) (b) Identify two human causes of the 2011 Brisbane Floods. 1:...

38 2:... (2) (c) Major floods can cause deaths, injury and damage to property and businesses; however, some floods can be beneficial. Give one benefit which floods can bring to people and the environment.... (2) (d) How might a country reduce the impacts of flooding? Explain two separate methods. method 1:... (3) method 2:

39 (a) Complete the table of river processes by choosing the correct words from below. traction attrition corrasion suspension saltation depositionsolution hydraulic action (3) Look at the simple drawing of a meander below. (b) Draw a simple cross section in the box below. Annotate to explain how a meander forms.

40 The photograph below shows a waterfall in Iceland

41 (i) Name and explain the processes of erosion involved in the formation of a waterfall.. (4) (ii) Explain how a waterfall can form a Gorge over time.. (3)

42 Settlement 1. (a) What is a settlement? (1) (b) Explain the difference between the site and situation of a settlement. (3) (c) What factors did early settlers take into account when deciding where to site a village? Explain the relevance of each factor. Factor 1: Factor 2:.

43 Factor 3:. (9) 2. Can communities become more sustainable? Outline the benefits and disadvantages of a recent sustainable housing scheme (East Village in the Queen Elizabeth Park in Stretford). Benefits. (6) Disadvantages

44 . (6) Industrial Location 1. (a) Look at the photographs below of people working at their jobs. (i) Draw an arrow from the labels above to connect them with the correct type of economic activity. (ii) Give two further examples of types of industry that do not appear above.. (2)

45 (iii) Give two further examples of jobs related to the service industry which are not included in the photographs.. (2) (iv) Look at the photograph of a car plant below. Annotate with as many reasons as you can think of why the car plant is located here. Add information that you think might be relevant but does not appear on the photograph. (6)

46 END OF PRACTICE QUESTIONS