Describe the layers of the Earth Understand what plates are and how they move

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1 Lesson links Lesson 1 layers of the earth and plate boundaries Lesson 2 How and why a volcano erupts Lesson 3 The impacts of a volcanic eruption Mt St Helen s (learning Milestone) Lesson 4 How an earthquake occurs Lesson 5 The impacts of an earthquake Japan 2004 & Kashmir 2005 (Learning Milestone) Lesson 6 Protecting people against earthquakes and volcanoes

2 WALT Describe the layers of the Earth Understand what plates are and how they move WILF GOOD Name the layers correctly and give a basic fact about each layer. Understand how the plates move EVEN BETTER Label the diagram correctly, giving meanings and detailed descriptions of each layer. Show an understanding of how the plates move and the types of boundaries that there are EXCEPTIONAL Have a detailed understanding of the layers of the Earth. Describe and suggest how the plates move linking this to the tectonic activity found at each type of boundary

3 What are the layers of the Earth? North Pole Crust Crust Liquid outer core Solid inner core Core Mantle

4 Over to you... Produce a diagram into your book showing the layers of the Earth. Remember that your diagram should be drawn in pencil, showing the general sizes of the layers AND be labelled correctly Check the information on your diagram to ensure that it is correct

5 What are they like? There are four main layers of Earth The inner core is a solid. It is made of metal. The outer core is a liquid. It is also made of metal. The mantle is a semi liquid, containing molten rock, and is about 2,900 km thick. The crust is a solid and is the part of the earth that we live on.

6 How big are they? The crust varies between 6 to 64km thick. The mantle is 2,900km thick. The outer core is 2000km thick. The inner core 2,740km thick.

7 Over to you... Using the information just looked at write a description of each layer, including temperature, what it is made from (composition) and thickness. Peer assessment Hand your work to another student and get them to read the information. Underline/Highlight the name of each layer, the temperature, composition and thickness Give them an EBI and a WWW

8 Plate Boundaries The Earth's surface is made up of a number of large plates that are in constant, slow motion. The ocean floors are continually moving, spreading from the centre and sinking at the edges. The edges of these plates plate boundaries are where earthquakes and volcanoes occur. Convection currents in the mantle move the plates. The plates float on the mantle and move around the Earth s surface.

9 Plate Boundaries key Plates Earthquake foci Destructive zones Constructive margin Movement of plates Collision zone Uncertain plate boundary A Adriatic B Aegean C Turkish D Juan de Fuca E Cocos 6 Rate of movement (cm per year)

10 Over to you Label your diagram to show the names of the plates and which direction they are going in. Answer the questions below into your book. What is the name of the plate that the UK is found on? Why do you think it has this name? What do you think will happen where the plates are meeting? What do you think will happen where the plates are m9oving away from each other? What do you think the world looked like 2 billion years ago? What do you think it will look like in the future?

11 Continental Drift It was not until the 1960s that the theory of continental drift became accepted by the scientific community. Some continents fit together almost perfectly, e.g. South America and Africa. Similar fossils can be found on different continents. This shows these regions were once very close or joined together. Almost identical patterns of rock layers on different continents is evidence that the rocks were once close together or joined.

12 Prep Use the table to answer the questions For Example... Volcano Country Date of eruption Number of Deaths Krakatau Indonesia ,417 Unzen Japan ,300 What year did Krakatau erupt? How many people died in the two eruptions? How many years are there between the two eruptions?

13 Study the table below how much of it can you remember? Key Word Volcano Active Dormant Extinct Meaning An opening in the Earth s crust where magma, ash and gases escape A volcano that erupts regularly, or has had at least one eruption in the last 600 years A volcano that hasn t erupted recently, but could erupt again A volcano that will not erupt again

14 Key Word Volcano Active Dormant Extinct Meaning How many did you get correct? An opening in the Earth s crust where magma, ash and gases escape A volcano that erupts regularly, or has had at least one eruption in the last 600 years A volcano that hasn t erupted recently, but could erupt again A volcano that will not erupt again

15 To understand what a volcano is and how it erupts To be able to describe how a volcano erupts using basic key terms in the correct stages To be able to describe in detail an eruption using terminology linked to all stages To describe and explain an eruption using terminology that is linked to each stage of the process

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17 MAIN VENT LAVA CRATER MAGMA CHAMBER LAYERS OF ASH AND ROCK SECONDARY VENT

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19 Work checker Go through the work and decide where they are Good, Even Better or Exceptional. GOOD Has each label got a basic descriptive sentence? EVEN BETTER Is there detail in the description? EXCEPTIONAL Is there some reasoning or explanation for some of the features?

20 /watch?v=qev3wzhaaj8 &feature=fvsr /watch?v=hrjlw1x8q3o What does this video tell us about volcanoes? How many stages were there? Describe one of the stages

21 Today I have learnt that.. I have found out several things on the topic of. Firstly I found out that.. Furthermore, I found that.. Before this lesson I could already.. Now I can also.. Say it out loud before you write it down! The most important thing I learned today is.. One thing I need to remember from today s lesson is that.. Today I have tried to.. I did not know how to....but now I can It was successful when I..

22 A VIRTUAL VISIT Imagine That You Are Going To Visit A Volcano And Climb To The Summit To Look Into The Crater. VOLCANO ERUPTING What would you need to take with you?

23 VISIT TO A VOLCANO CRATER What would you take with you in your rucksack?

24 A VIRTUAL VISIT Assess The Usefulness Of Each Item Below. You can only take seven things in your rucksack, which seven would you take?

25 WALT LEARNING MILESTONE To understand the volcanic eruption of Mt St Helen s. How and why it erupted and the resulting consequences on the human and physical environment WILF GOOD You will be able to describe how the volcano erupted, giving some suggestion of how. You will be able to describe the impact that the volcano had in the short and long term EVEN BETTER You will also be able to suggest how the volcano erupted and how it is different to other volcanoes. You will be able suggest reasons for the impacts that occurred EXCEPTIONAL You will also be able to link the human and physical processes and features, showing the positive and negative impacts before and after the eruption

26 Mt St Helens consequences of the eruption The effects of the Mount St Helens eruption were enormous. The pyroclastic surge spread 27km from the volcano and flattened acres of woodland. Ash clouds stretched 26km above sea level. However, there were some positives. Some plants and animals were resilient enough to survive. The lack of human interference encouraged nature to spring forth again.

27 Back to the future What does the future hold for Mount St Helens? Since 1980, there has been more activity on Mount St Helens. Between 1980 and 1986 a new lava dome was formed. Magma reached the surface of the mountain in October In 2005, a 36,000 foot plume of steam was emitted. There was also a small earthquake. It seems likely that Mount St Helens will erupt again in the future. Will we be able to tell when?

28 Over to you As you watch the video fill the information in. At the end there will be time to complete the questions at the end that are based around linking ideas together and your own opinions Mt st Helen's (30 minutes)