GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ANNUAL REPORT, ;;:; ACCOMPANYING PAPERS

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3 110WA I GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VOLUME XXV - ANNUAL REPORT, ;;:; -- WITH ACCOMPANYING PAPERS GEORGE F. KAY, H. D., STATE GEOLOGIST JAMES H. LEBS, PH. D., ASSISTANT STATE GBQLOGIST DES,MOINES PUBLlSHED FOR IOWA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY J. M. JAMIESON, STATE BINDER ROBERT HENDERSON, STATE PRINTER 1916

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5 - - -,. Geological Survey Organization GEO~OGICJ\.L BOARD HIs ExCELLENCY, GEORGE W. CLARKE.... GoVERNOR OF IOWA HON. JOHN L. BLEAKLY... AUDITOR OF, STATE THOMAS H. MACBBIDE ~..., PRESIDENT STATE UNIVElIBlTY OF IOWA RAYM.OND A. PEARSON..... PRESIDENT IOWA STATE COLLEGE HENRY S. CoNARD. PREsIDENT IowA. AOADEMY of SOIENCE ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS GEO~GE F. KAy.....,...,... :., STATE GEOLOGIST JAMES H. LEES ' ~.ASSISTANT STATE GEOLOGIST NELLIE E. NE~N :. ' '.: ' r.,': i. : '.;'..,~,. :.; ~';- ~~ClI.ETUY 'GEOLOGICAL "SECTt'ON,' GEORGE F. KAy ' ,,. ; ~ '. ':'... :. r ".' ' ~. -: ~.".' GEOLOGIS~ JAMES H. LEES "..... : GEOLOGIST, PIiYSIdoBAPHICGEOLOGY W. H. NORTON : :. GEOLOGIST, " U NDlmoROUND 'WATERiI S. W. BEyER , ,... GEOLOGIST, ECONOMili: MATEBIALS B. SHIMEK : ;... : GEOJ.?GIS~; I ~~~ QEOL~lG'r M. F. AREy: ' GtOLOGIST, AlIEAL GEOLOGY JOHN L. TILTON , GEOLOGIST, AREAL GEOLOGY. J. E. CABMAN ,...,..... GEOLOGIST, PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY A. O. THOMAS..,...., GEOLOGIST, STRATIGRAPHIO GEOLOGY F. M. VAN Tun......, GEOLOGIST, STRATIGRAPHIO GEOLOGY STUART WELQ!JB CONSULTING GEOLOGIST, STRATIGRAPHIC GEOLOGY W. C. ALDEN CONSULTING GEOLOGIST, PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY M. M. LEIGHTON , GEOLOGIST, PLEIsToCENE GEOLOGY A. P. POTTS.....,.,......,.,.., GEOLOGIST, CERAMICS A. J. WILLIAMS......, GEOLOGIST, STRATIGRAPHIO GEOLOGY J. V. HOWELL..'., :.. :.... GEOLOGIST, ECONOMIC GEOLOGY D AYTON STONER : ZOOLOGIST, RODENTS M. P. SOMES ENTOM.OLOGIST, INSECTS T. C. STEPHENS , , ZooLOGIST B. H. BAILEY...,..., ,., ZOOLOGIST TOPOGRAPHIC SECTION W. H. HEBRoN..., , ' ,., GEOGRAPHER W. L. MILLER... "......,.., TOI;'OGRAPHER E. L. MoNAIR "..,.., TopoGRAPHIO El.'fGINEII:R

6 I't {) t ~ :. ~. : ' '.! \ ; : ~~,, ". '< t ': :, : ;,. " ~, : 1; M ;., ~, : ;'",' ~".,. :, ~, ':,...,:. ~, ' CONTENTS " '.PAGE ADMINIfiTM.ll'lVE 'REP6BT. BY THE DIRECTOR :......, ix MlNEBAL PBODUO'l1lElN FOB!l91a 4NI) 1914, BY,GEORGE F.. KAy THE IRON <>BE DEPOSITS NEAR WAUKQN, IOWA,. BY JESSE V. HOWELL.' ~ HISTORY Ollo'IOW.& RIvER VALLEY, NORTH AND WEST OF IOWA CITY IN, ii'~nllqn lco~'lll~ ByrM. IM. ILEIGHTON T!uLoBlTES~,TBiJ) I 'l\faquoke'l'a ' BEDS OF FAYETTEr COUNTY, IOWA, BY ARTHUR Wm:SW4l():H. :~ '. : : THE OJuGiN lo~"' IlO~GMl'lllj:J BY FRANCIE> M. VAN TUYL.. "... : :...,. 251.PHYSI<rfL,. ~S ' ~NJ> I GEOl.OGIC HISTORY OF DES MOINES VALLEY, BY JAMES.1I.. 1~ : \. '," ' " '.'.,' , ~. ~ " '.1.,., I,. I ' ". 'I. }! I. " ": t, '.,, 'II.. ;./. i., '. ~,. :, 1 :': I".to';. ; :. ',:. : ~ :".:,::', ( :. : : ' V i..,:).,., ",... :: ~ " :,', :'. 1 : ' {,\ ~~ ; )!: ',{ I ~ I r ' '!:': ia in;)~!,:; f!){!j"r.. \,:I';;')!-1 \~ '0

7 ILLUSTRATIONS 1'LA:'l'ES l,la-ge I. 'Chert nodules from iron ore " '. \ ,95 Jr. '; Fossils from iron ore and from Decorah shales iiii. Fossils from the iron ore , IV. Pieces of ore showing cavity and fossils , 101 V. ' Topographic map of Fairfax quadrangle, Iowa... : VI. North face of interurban cut west of Iowa City ", 121 ' VII. Cross-bedded Buchanan gravel, near Black Springs..,.,., ', VIII. View of the North Liberty Plain ,..,,,...,. " " 129 IX. View showing erosional' topography of the Kansan,,.,...,., X. View showing upper part of aqueous sand and silt grading up into loess. Helman sand pit ,."... "....,... ".. ',' '139 XI.. View showing topographic setting of the Interurban cut,near upper Interurban bridge ,.,.,..... " XII. Topographic map of Fairfax quadr;tngle, Iowa,..,. ",..,.,.,. 151 ' XIII. 'View across wide segment of Iowa, river valley....,,.,.,.., XIV. 'Views of [sotelus iowensis , "... ",, XV. Views of Bumastus beckeri, M~galaspis becker i, ThaZeQPs cwata and NiZeus vigilans ,.,....,.,."....,.. " 241 XVI. Views of Bphaerocoryphe maquoket ensis, A mphilic'l/,q,s r Mnoceros, and Amphilichas czermontensis......,..,..,.. ". " 'XVII. Views of OybeZoides iowensis, )!Jncrinurus pernqdosus and Oalymene fayettensis.".... : ','......,..,. :'., XVIII. Views of Oeraurus mweranus, Oeraur.us,elginensis,and,Ceraurus ioo4"uosl :,.,',.". ",. 2'47 XIX. View'S of Pterygometopus tredricki, Pterygometopus 'larrabe,/li and Oalymene gracilis....., ','......,,.,...., XX. Tribes Hill limestone, Palatine Bridge, New York... :.., XXI. Mottled limestone from same locality as above..,..,...,. 411 XXII. Later stages in alteration, same locality as,above XXIII_ Mottled Galena limestone, Elkader, Iowa.,..,.,...,.. ' '" XXIV. Microphotographs of partly altered limestones and dolomites, various localities, ,..,,.,,.....,,. U 7 XXV. Microphotographs of mottled limestone from Palatine Bridge, New York.. '.' , ,,.,,.,...,. 419, XXVI. Microphotographs of limestones and dolomites.,..... ': XXVII. Outline map of southern Minnesota and Iowa ",.'...,..,.,. 428 XXVIII. General geological section of Iowa...,..,.,.. "....,..,..,.,. ;1438 XXIX. Geological map of Iowa......,......,....,',.,....,',. 443 XXX. Map of the drift sheets of Iowa"..,.. ",..,.".,. "..,.,.,. 1(53 XXXI. Map of southw'estern Minnesota.,....,....,.., : "..,....,.,(65 : XXXII. Map of Des Moines valley state line to Fort Dodge..,,,.,,.... 4~7 :', 'XXXIII. Profiles across East and West Forks of Des Moines,valley, to face : , ,..,... : ; ; XXXIV. Views of Tuttle lake, East,Fork at Bancroft and Bu1talo -creek. '469.., XXXV. A. Union slough at its mouth. B. East Fork near Buffalo ; ).creek : '..... '... :...' : :. XXXVI.. The rock wall on SHver lake" Minnesota:. '.'.. " ,:iXXXVII. The,wide, valley of the "East Fork near Algona, Iowa,.,....'.,. 483 The

8 vi IOWA GEOLOGICAL ' SURVEY ~'l'esl'age )0O(VIII. 'Fhe West Fork in Minnesota and at Estherville, Iowa ::XxxIX. A. Th.e moraine at Estherville.. B. Wide valley near Ottosen 497 XL. Maps.of the flood p.1ain of the West Fork in Palo Alto county. 502 'i' XLI. The West Fork near Humboldt, with its gra,vels... ~... 50S.. XLII. A. The valley above Fort Dodge. B. Bench ne.ar K;alo ,. XLIII. Map of Des Moines valley 1!'ort Dodge to Des Moines S, XLIV. Profiles of,des Moines valley, to face XLV. Views' of Boone riv:er XLVI. Topographic map of northern part.of Boone quadrangle XLVII. " Narrow gorge and terraces in valley above Boone XL'VIII ~. Short ~avines and pond.'on the plain 'above Boone XLIX. Topographic map of northern part of Boone quadrangle ,. L. ' Gary moraine and a Wisconsin bowlder in Boone county LI. The Ledges, ' Boone county , LII. Topographic map of northwestern part of Madrid quadrangie. 531 LIIL Topographic 'map of southern part of Madrid quadrangle LIV. Pond and kames near the valley LV. Topographic map of northern part of Des Moines quadrangle LVI. Topographic map of southern part of Des Moines quadrangle. 539 LVII. ' Pit of IoWa Pipe 'and Tile ' Co., Des Moines' :.. ~ LVIII. A. Sandstone on Capitol Hill. ' B. Raccoon river above Des LIX. LX. LXI. LXII... LXIII.. LXIV. LXV. LXVI. LXVII. LXVIII. LXIX. :. LXX..'. LXXI. LXXII. Moines : ~ Map of Des' Moines valley,des Moines to Ottumwa Topographic map of part of Milo quadrangle Topographic map of part of Knoxville quadrangle ,. 563 A. Des Moines river above Dunreath. B. Saint Louis beds near. Tracy : Red Rock bluffs near Red Ro'ck :..., ~67 Topographic map of part of ' Pella quadrangle......, 571 Des Moines and Muchakinock valleys above Eddyville... : 573 Map of Des Moines valley Ottumwa to Keokuk Sandstone bluffs at Cliffland ' 579 A. Bluff at Cliffland.. B. Shales and sandstones below Cliffland : : Wide and narrow segments of val~ey at Selma Topographic map of part of Kahoka quadrangle : 589 The wide valley near Vincennes and st. Francisville '..... :'593 Erosion in old valley filling near Uonnables.... : FI9URES PAGE ~.' Index map of northeastern Iowa Sketch map showing upland and valley near Iron Hill..... :.... :.. : GeoJogical ~map of Iron Hill and Vicinity :42 *, Contour map of top of St. Peter sandstone Large limestone powlders in iron ore ;-... : U~cpnformity. between. oretbody and overburden :... :.:. 64 7, View of new iron pit near south end : &> Limestone bowlder f.roiil. new pit, showing,pitting '.... ~ ' ~, ' View showing bowlder.cha.racter of t.he ore,.....,'..... : '.'....:,,: lis

9 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS vii FlElUllBB PAGE 10. Ideal section showing development of bowlders by decay of limestone General view of iron-ore concentrating plant.,... ~ Map of Johnson county showing location of well records collected. _ Map of Johnson county showing wells probably in Aftonian and Nebraskan _ Cross section of preglacial surface buried by drift... _... _.. _. _ Cross section showing modification of bedrock surface by deepening. of valleys..."... _ _ _ Cross section of topography before incursion of a later ice sheet Cross section showing burial by later drift Map showing B'uchanan gravel in Johnson county Map showing lobes of Iowan drift in Johnson county View of the terrace in Pardieu creek... ~ View of. terrace-like feature at the Helman sand pit View showing folded and contorted Buchanan gravel Cross sections of Iowa river valley Profile showing elevation of bedrock Cross section of gorge east of North Liberty Part of Fairfax topographic map...: View showing pot-holes at LOvers Leap A sinuous eddy-scar on top of the valley wall Lansing, Michigan, topographic map Fairfax, Iowa, topographic map Diagram showing changes in gorge-cutting Diagrammatic figure of a trilob'te..., Bowlder-like masses of dolomite in limestone, Alton, Illinois... ~ Irregular lens of dolomite in limestone, Alton, Illinois Relations of dolom 'te to limestone, Belfast, Iowa Reef of unaltered, brecciated limestone, Bonaparte, Iowa Irregular boundary between limestone and dolomite, Farmington, Iowa Lateral gradation Of. dolomite into limestone, Harrisburg, Pa... 6n 39. Geological section from Baraboo, Wisconsin, to Des Moines, Iowa Kansan blue clay beneath gravels at Estherville..., Gravel pit in the valley train at Graettinger... ~... '.' Kinderhook limestone at Rutland bridge Section across Boone and Greene counties PreglaCial drainage at Des Moines Pre~Wisconsin drainage at Des Moines Postglacial drainage at Des Moines Profile of gorge of Des Moines river at Des Moines !! 48. W~de valley of Des Moines river -near Eldon... ; Topographic map of Keosauqua oxbow... _ Narrow flood plain below Croton : ,1 51. Map showing drainage changes in southeastern Iowa Topographic map of vicinity of Burlington Section across present and former. valleys of Mississippi river in Lee county

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