Cliffside Park Public Schools

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1 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS GRADE 6 EARTH SCIENCE GRADE 6 of SCIENCE CURRICULUM TOPICS Rocks and the Rock Cycle: -classifying -ingneous -sedimentary -reefs -metamorphic -rock cycle Movement of the Earth s Crust (Plate Tectonics) -Earth s Interior -Convection and the Mantle -Drifting continents -Sea-Floor Spreading -Theory of Plate Tectonics Earthquakes -Forces in the Earth s Crust -Earthquakes and Seismic Waves -Monitoring Earthquakes -Earthquake Safety Volcanoes -Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics -Properties of Magma -Volcanic Eruptions -Volcanic Landforms Fresh Water -water in Earth -surface water -water underground -using freshwater resources -water to drink Ocean Motions -actions of waves -tides -ocean water chemistry Currents and climate Life in the Ocean -exploring the ocean -ocean habitats -resources from the ocean Earth s -Air Around You -Air Pressure -Layers of the -Air Quality Weather Factors: -Energy in Earth s -Heat Transfer -Winds -Water in the -Precipitation Weather Patterns -Air masses and fronts -Storms -Predicting the weather Solar Relationships: Sun, Earth, Moon and Planets -Earth in space -Gravity and motion Phases, Eclipses, and Tides -Earth s Moon -Traveling into Space Energy Resources & Environmental Issues: -Fossil fuels -Renewable Sources of Energy -Nuclear energy -Energy Conservation What are the three main types of rocks and how do they form? How does the transfer of energy inside the Earth affect its surface? What happens during an earthquake? What force deforms Earth s crust and causes earthquakes? How do volcanic eruptions affect the Earth s surface? Where is fresh water found and how is it used? What are the causes of waves, currents, and tides? How do scientists divide the ocean and ocean floor into zones? How do air pressure and temperature vary in the atmosphere? What factors interact to produce changes in weather? How do air masses produce changes in weather? How do changes in one part of an Earth system affect other parts of the system? What predictable observable patterns occur as a result of the interaction between the Earth, Moon and Sun? What causes these patterns? What effects are caused by the motion of Earth and the moon? What are the advantages and disadvantages of renewable and nonrenewable energy resources? How do humans impact the diversity and stability of ecosystems?

2 ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS Rocks tell the story of the Earth s crust. Mantle convection causes the movement of pieces of the lithosphere called plates. Plate motions produce faults, mountain ranges, earthquakes and volcanoes. The forces of plate movement deform Earth s crust, forming faults, folds, and mountains. Plate movements also cause earthquakes. Most volcanoes form where Earth s plates collide or move apart allowing magma to reach the surface. Lava forms landforms such as volcanic mountains or lava plateaus. Surface fresh water is found in river systems, lakes, and ponds. Fresh water is also found underground. People use water for drinking and washing., industry, agriculture, transportation, recreation, and generating electrical power. Most waves are caused by winds. Surface currents are driven by winds, and deep currents are caused by differences in water density. Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. The ocean floor consists of the continental shelf, continental slope, abyssal plain, mid ocean ridges, and trenches. The intertidal, neritic, and openocean zones provide habitats for communities of living things. Air pressure and temperature vary with altitude, location, and time. Changes in temperature with altitude result in distinct atmospheric layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and exosphere. Energy transfers resulting from differences in air pressure, air temperature, winds, and humidity produce changes in weather. When air masses collide, they form fronts. Storms and rapid changes in weather often develop along fronts. Earth s components form systems. These systems continually interact at different rates of time, affecting the Earth regionally and globally. Observable, predictable patterns of movement in the Sun, Earth, Moon system occur because of gravitational interaction and energy from the Sun. The motions of Earth and the moon and their position relative to the sun result in day and night, the seasons, phases of the moon, eclipses, and tides. Renewable and nonrenewable energy resources differ in cost and availability. These resources also differ in the environmental effects of producing and using them. Humans can alter the living and non-living factors within an ecosystem, thereby creating changes to the overall system.

3 ACTIVITIES & CROSS-CURRICULUAR TIES -Rock Collecting: -collect samples from the area -describe characteristics: color, texture, density -classify as igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic -create display (Art) - Wanted Poster (LAL & Art): -create a poster describing and illustrating granite according to composition, color, texture and the group to which it belongs. -Reef Model (Art) -Build a 3-D model of the Earth that: -is built to scale to show layers of the interior -includes at least 3 plates that form the surface and 2 land masses or continents -shows how plates push together, pull apart or slide past each other (Art) -Create a Pangaea puzzle to demonstrate visual understanding of continental drift. (SS & Art) -Create a model of the core, mantle, and crust. (Art) -Write a job description for a geologist - demonstration : -convection currents -Grapefruit model of plates -Design and build an earthquake-safe house (Art & Math) -Use Mercalli scale to classify earthquake damage in history and locate on maps(ss & Math) -Write a newspaper article about an earthquake/volcanic eruption -Expository Writing: cause and effect of earthquake damage -Documentary about life in a volcanic region (Technology) -Create a travel brochure of a volcanic region (LAL, SS, Technology) -Expository: write to compare 3 kinds of volcanoes: similarities and differences - Demonstration: -types of waves -Cooling lava using melted candle wax -Gases in magma -Illustrate the water cycle (Art) -Venn diagram comparing and contrasting 3 types of freshwater wetlands -Persuasive: write a letter to government officials about excessive water use -graph water usage (Math) -Create a brochure about the Florida Everglades (LAL & Technology) -design and build a model of an erosion-proof beach -create a model of the formation of a rip current -Research articles in newspapers on rip currents (Library & LAL) Demonstration: -observe path of water through layers of sand and pebbles -rope representing energy in waves -Build a 3-D model of a marine habitat including organisms (Art) -create 2-column chart to compare and contrast the characteristics of the surface zone and the deep zone -Research the Mississippi River (SS, LAL, Technology, Library) -Collect and record observations of a variety of different weather conditions; record findings in a weather log; display findings (LAL, Math) -write how oxygen from atmosphere is important -Speculative writing: How would Earth s surface be different without an atmosphere? Demonstration: -How long will a candle burn? Using a candle and a small jar and a larger jar to compare how long before the flame is extinguished when covered by the jars. -Does air have mass? Using a balloon to determine if air has mass. -create instruments to be including in class weather station and use data in graphs (Art, Math). -convert units of temperature ( O C, O F) (Math) -Draw & label diagram of water cycle and cloud types(art); create a PowerPoint presentation (Technology) -Narrative Writing: write about an experience in which some form of precipitation was involved -study weather maps for the area for several days; look for patterns; prepare a weather forecast using maps to show predictions (LAL, Math, SS, Technology) -draw diagrams of fronts (Art) -using Microsoft Publisher, write a brochure about tornado safety (LAL, Technology) Demonstration: -Effects of heating air. -Tornado in a jar -observe and record shape of the moon and its position in the sky every day for one month; create drawings and graphs (Art, Math) -Expository: write to describe seasons in the area Demonstration : -Day and night with globe and light bulb -identify ways the school building could conserve energy; make a brochure (LAL, Technology) -create and organizer of fossil fuels detailing advantages and disadvantages to each -graph types of fuel that heat homes and interpret results (Math) -Make a pinwheel and fan to simulate windmill turbines and the wind (Art) -write an ad for one of the renewable resources Demonstration -coal examination; record observations and examine for fossils

4 ACCOMMODA-TIONS LAL Science journal/notebook (hypothesis, prediction, analyzing data, conclusions, etc.) Guided Reading & Study Writing in Science activities Target Reading Skills TECHNOLOGY: Online text Video Previews Audio CD Adapted Reader & Study Sheets Guided Reading & Study Word Banks Visual Models Concrete Objects Pictorial Models/Drawing, Labeling Leading Questions Act Out Tools (rulers, measuring cups, scales, etc.) Cooperative Learning: Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) heterogeneous groups helping each other Explicit Systematic Instruction: teacher demonstration, thinking aloud, about decision-making, opportunities for student questions and answers Break tasks into shorter time units Scaffolding

5 ASSESSMENT tasks: -Classification of mystery rocks -Create a compare and contrast table of sedimentary rocks -Demonstration and explanation of model of Earth -Identify the characteristics of Earth s crust, mantle, and core. -Draw & Label sea-floor spreading. Other Evidence: -Create graphs to analyze information -Predict where folded mountains will occur due to plate collision -Create a compare/contrast table about layers of Earth s interior -Using 2 dry sponges, demonstrate and explain movement involved in strike-slip, normal, and reverse faulting -Students will create models of seismic waves. -Build and test an earthquake proof structure. -Make a table to compare and contrast high-viscosity lava and lowviscosity lava -draw and label cross-sectional diagram of volcano and label: magma chamber, pipe, vent, crater and lava -orally explain difference between quiet and explosive volcanic eruptions -draw cross-sectional view of 3 volcano types -explain how one of types of landforms is formed -Write & illustrate a description of water cycle -draw simple sketch of an underground water supply -create a concept map of ways to conserve water -presentation of beach model and plan for eliminating effects of erosion -draw and label a diagram of how moon causes tides -Presentation of ocean habitats -Demonstrate measuring objects in classroom and graphing data. -Draw a concept map that includes: 3 types of marine organisms, characteristics, examples Other Evidence: Science Notebooks -made tests and quizzes Rubrics Observations Scientific Conferences -verbal responses to ways atmosphere contributes to life on Earth. -Draw and label diagram depicting layers of the atmosphere. -demonstrate usage of Fahrenheit and Celcius reading -verbal explanation of precipitation formation -presentation of types of air masses in North America -locate regions of the country where hurricanes and/or tornadoes occur and explain why Task: -using models of Earth and the Moon, have students demonstrate gravitational pull and what would happen if distance between them changed. Task: -students identify what type of fuel heats his/her home; explain advantages and disadvantages of that type of fuel. -draw and label a diagram to explain how insulation conserves energy.

6 NJCCCS RESOURCES Chapter 4 Gems: Treasures from the Earth (Level V & Y ) Coral Reefs (Level U ) Chapter 5 Plate Tectonics (Level Y ) Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Volcanoes (Level V & X ) Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis (Level W ) The Eruption of Mount Shasta (Level X ) Chapter 12 & 13 Chapter 14 Ocean Quiz (Level W ) The Amazing Undersea Food Web (Level X ) Chapter 15 Threats to Our (Level W ) The Deep Sea Floor (Collard) Our Wet World (Collard) River Discoveries (Wadsworth) A Sea Within a Sea: Secrets of the Sargasso (Heller) Chapter 16 & 17 Hurricanes (Level W ) Threats to Our (Level W ) What Do You Think About Climate Change? (Level Y ) Earth Science Chapter 19 Earth: Our Planet in Space (Simon) Footprints in the Moon (Simon) The Sun, Earth, and Moon (Level W ) Jupiter s Secrets Revealed (Level U ) Hubble: An Out-of-This- World Telescope (Level U ) The Sun (Level V ) Telescopes: Eyes on Space (Level Z ) Earth Science Chapter 11 Energy Sources: The Pros and Cons (Level Z ) Albert Einstein (Levels W and Z ) Science A-Z Books A-Z Books SOURCES: NJDOE 2009 CCCS

7 SOURCES: NJDOE 2009 CCCS NJDOE Standards Clarifications NJDOE Classroom Application Documents