Clathromorphum (a calcified ALGA!) meets requirements for climate archive
|
|
- George Casey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Clathromorphum (a calcified ALGA!) meets requirements for climate archive Exhibit high temporal climate recording resolution Multicentury-scale lifespan Abundant in Arctic and Subarctic Accurately records climate information?
2 Crustose coralline algal-based marine climate reconstructions 1. Bering Sea teleconnections 2. Crusty algae uncover sea-ice change 3. Coralline algae and ocean acidification
3 Arctic Bering Sea Attu Subarctic North Pacific
4 Clathromorphum nereostratum, Aleutian Islands Laterally continuous growth increments No apparent growth interruptions Life span ca. 151 years (based on annual growth increment counting) 1969 collected live in cm
5 How can we measure Mg/Ca ratio? Electron microprobe Electron beam spot size 5 m 15 samples/year on average Hetzinger et al. 2009
6 Sea Surface Temperature ( C) Mg/Ca ratios Temperature indicator Mg/Ca ratio Temperature ( C) Hetzinger, Halfar et al. 2011, PPP
7 Algal Mg/Ca record Hetzinger, Halfar et al. 2012, Climate Dynamics
8 Comparison of Mg/Ca and regional sea surface temperatures Hetzinger, Halfar et al. 2012, Climate Dynamics
9 Interbasin comparison: Bering Sea-Atlantic Teleconnection (Teleconnection: Climate anomalies related to each other at large distances) Modeling studies have speculated on interbasin linkage Investigations hampered by limited length of reliable instrumental data Algal time series is first 150-year temperature record from Bering Sea Teleconnection
10 Background Bering Sea Teleconnections Labrador Sea Variability Ocean Acidification Arctic Interbasin comparison: Bering Sea-Atlantic Teleconnections Aleutian Mg/Ca Record - North Atlantic Oscillation NAO: - Mode of natural climate variability in North Atlantic - Atmospheric pressure difference Icelandic Low and Azores High
11 Background Bering Sea Teleconnections Labrador Sea Variability Ocean Acidification Arctic Interbasin comparison: Bering Sea-Atlantic Teleconnections Aleutian Mg/Ca Record - North Atlantic Oscillation NAO: - Mode of natural climate variability in North Atlantic - Atmospheric pressure difference Icelandic Low and Azores High - Controls strength of westerlies + storm tracks across North Atlantic Large pressure difference (positive NAO) results in increased westerlies mild and wet winters in Central Europe
12 Interbasin comparison: Bering Sea-Atlantic Teleconnections Aleutian Mg/Ca Record - North Atlantic Oscillation Hetzinger, Halfar et al. 2012, Climate Dynamics
13 Multisample Mg/Ca record from Bering Sea n=6 Williams et al., in prep.
14 * * * * * * * * * **
15 Crusty algae uncover sea-ice change
16 Sea-ice extent is declining faster than models predict! Improve models by calibrating them with long time series of past sea ice extent Jeffries et al. 2013
17 Present knowledge about past sea ice distribution: Satellite data (since 1979) Observational information (sparse before ~1850)
18 Present knowledge about past sea ice distribution: Satellite data (since 1979) Observational information (sparse before ~1920) Sea Ice Proxies -Low-resolution marine sediment cores -Remote terrestrial archives Ice cores Need to search for high-resolution in situ marine sea-ice recorder
19 Characteristics of Clathromorphum Photosynthetic calcifier Can live under sea ice
20 Characteristics of Clathromorphum Photosynthetic calcifier Can live under sea ice
21 Growth Rates function of Light and Temperature 0.29 mm 0.20 mm 0.18 mm 0.16 mm 0.24 mm 0.26 mm 0.28 mm 0.21 mm mm
22 Sea-Ice Loss Past Sea Ice Coralline Archives Corallines and Sea Ice 650-year Record Growth rates Indicator of length of ice cover + summer temperature Seasonal Ice Cover * Arctic Bay * * * * Gulf of Maine From Adey, Halfar, Williams 2013
23 Mg/Ca ratios Temperature indicator + length of summer growth season
24 Combination of Growth rates Indicator of length of ice cover + summer temperature and Mg/Ca ratios Indicator of temperatures + length of summer growth season Ice cover proxy
25 * *
26 * *
27 Correlation to Satellite Data Halfar et al. 2013, PNAS
28 Relationship to Historical Data and Climate Halfar et al. 2013
29 Longest continuous time series from live-collected coralline alga Onset of Little Ice Age coincides with expansion of Inuit 20 th century sea-ice decline in NW Atlantic unprecedented in last 650 years Halfar et al. 2013
30 Halfar et al. 2013
31 Halfar et al. 2013
32 Coralline Bering algae Sea Teleconnections High-resolution environmental Sea archives Ice Change - Sea-ice reconstructions Ocean Acidification Halfar et al. 2013
33 Interannual frequency dominates during cold intervals such as the LIA Multidecadal frequency dominates during warm intervals Halfar et al. 2013
34 Coralline algae and Ocean acidification
35 CO 2 Since 1700 Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2007
36 Are Clathromorphum carbonates susceptible to ocean acidification? Aragonitic corals may already show decrease in calcification rates Year From De ath et al 2009
37 Our question: Do cold water coralline algae (High Mg-Calcite) show a similar decline? Answer:
38 Ocean Carbon Chemistry Carbonate Minerals CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O Ca HCO 3 - Calcite Aragonite Mg-Calcite Ikaite + Magnesium Increasing Solubility
39 Saturation State Bering Sea Teleconnections Sea Ice Change Ocean Acidification Andersson et al Geology High Mg-calcites exceed solubility of aragonite at ~12 mol% MgCO 3 Cold-water coralline algae have up to 18 mol% MgCO 3
40 Aragonite Saturation (~Mg-Calcite 12 mol%mgco 3 ) Aragonite Saturation ( mol kg -1 ) * from Orr et al 2005
41 Aragonite Saturation (~Mg-Calcite 12 mol%mgco 3 ) Aragonite Saturation ( mol kg -1 ) from Orr et al 2005
42 Calcification Rate (g/cm 3 /yr) = Growth rate x Skeletal Density
43 Calcification Rate (g/cm 3 /yr) = Growth rate x Skeletal Density 0.29 mm 0.20 mm 0.18 mm 0.16 mm 0.24 mm 0.26 mm 0.28 mm 0.21 mm mm
44 Calcification Rate (g/cm 3 /yr) = Growth rate x Skeletal Density Micro Computer Tomography Resolution 20 microns Series of two-dimensional x-ray images Imaging + quantitative measurement of skeletal density 1 mm
45 Bering Sea Teleconnections Sea Ice Change Ocean Acidification Young 1 mm Old
46 n=8 Chan, Halfar et al. subm.
47 n=8 Chan, Halfar et al. subm.
48 n=8 Chan, Halfar et al. subm.
49 n=8 Chan, Halfar et al. subm.
50 Clathromorphum buildups resilient to present-day effects of ocean acidification Resilience possibly due to metabolic control over calcification Until what ph can metabolic control be maintained? Present Future?
51 Questions? RV Alca i
Lecture 28: Observed Climate Variability and Change
Lecture 28: Observed Climate Variability and Change 1. Introduction This chapter focuses on 6 questions - Has the climate warmed? Has the climate become wetter? Are the atmosphere/ocean circulations changing?
More informationMonitoring and Prediction of Climate Extremes
Monitoring and Prediction of Climate Extremes Stephen Baxter Meteorologist, Climate Prediction Center NOAA/NWS/NCEP Deicing and Stormwater Management Conference ACI-NA/A4A Arlington, VA May 19, 2017 What
More informationTROPICAL-EXTRATROPICAL INTERACTIONS
Notes of the tutorial lectures for the Natural Sciences part by Alice Grimm Fourth lecture TROPICAL-EXTRATROPICAL INTERACTIONS Anomalous tropical SST Anomalous convection Anomalous latent heat source Anomalous
More informationThe North Atlantic Oscillation: Climatic Significance and Environmental Impact
1 The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climatic Significance and Environmental Impact James W. Hurrell National Center for Atmospheric Research Climate and Global Dynamics Division, Climate Analysis Section
More informationWeather Outlook for Spring and Summer in Central TX. Aaron Treadway Meteorologist National Weather Service Austin/San Antonio
Weather Outlook for Spring and Summer in Central TX Aaron Treadway Meteorologist National Weather Service Austin/San Antonio Outline A Look Back At 2014 Spring 2015 So Far El Niño Update Climate Prediction
More informationSupplementary Material Amplification of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation associated with the onset of the industrial-era warming
Supplementary Material Amplification of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation associated with the onset of the industrial-era warming G.W.K. Moore, J. Halfar, H.Majeed, W. Adey, & A. Kronz 8 o N 7 o N
More informationPotential Impact of climate change and variability on the Intra-Americas Sea (IAS)
Potential Impact of climate change and variability on the Intra-Americas Sea (IAS) Sang-Ki Lee 1, Yanyun Liu 1 and Barbara Muhling 2 1 CIMAS-University of Miami and AOML-NOAA 2 Princeton University and
More informationThe Arctic Oscillation (AO) or Northern Annular Mode (NAM)
The Arctic Oscillation (AO) or Northern Annular Mode (NAM) Required reading for Thursday, Oct.14: -Kerr, R.A., 1999: A new force in high-latitude climate. Science, 284, 5412, 241-242. -Thompson DWJ, Wallace
More informationChallenges for Climate Science in the Arctic. Ralf Döscher Rossby Centre, SMHI, Sweden
Challenges for Climate Science in the Arctic Ralf Döscher Rossby Centre, SMHI, Sweden The Arctic is changing 1) Why is Arctic sea ice disappearing so rapidly? 2) What are the local and remote consequences?
More informationChapter outline. Reference 12/13/2016
Chapter 2. observation CC EST 5103 Climate Change Science Rezaul Karim Environmental Science & Technology Jessore University of science & Technology Chapter outline Temperature in the instrumental record
More information3. Climate Change. 3.1 Observations 3.2 Theory of Climate Change 3.3 Climate Change Prediction 3.4 The IPCC Process
3. Climate Change 3.1 Observations 3.2 Theory of Climate Change 3.3 Climate Change Prediction 3.4 The IPCC Process 3.1 Observations Need to consider: Instrumental climate record of the last century or
More information6. What has been the most effective erosive agent in the climate system? a. Water b. Ice c. Wind
Multiple Choice. 1. Heinrich Events a. Show increased abundance of warm-water species of planktic foraminifera b. Show greater intensity since the last deglaciation c. Show increased accumulation of ice-rafted
More informationCatastrophic reduction of seaice in the Arctic Ocean - its impact on the marine ecosystems in the polar region-
1/12 Catastrophic reduction of seaice in the Arctic Ocean - its impact on the marine ecosystems in the polar region- KAKENHI No.22221003 Naomi Harada (JAMSTEC) J. Onodera, E. Watanabe, K. Matsuno, K. Kimoto,
More informationGlobal Atmospheric Circulation
Global Atmospheric Circulation Polar Climatology & Climate Variability Lecture 11 Nov. 22, 2010 Global Atmospheric Circulation Global Atmospheric Circulation Global Atmospheric Circulation The Polar Vortex
More informationA Synthesis of Results from the Norwegian ESSAS (N-ESSAS) Project
A Synthesis of Results from the Norwegian ESSAS (N-ESSAS) Project Ken Drinkwater Institute of Marine Research Bergen, Norway ken.drinkwater@imr.no ESSAS has several formally recognized national research
More informationEl Niño-Southern Oscillation and global warming: new data from old corals
El Niño-Southern Oscillation and global warming: new data from old corals Kim M. Cobb Georgia Inst. of Technology Chris Charles, Scripps Inst. of Oceanography Larry Edwards, Hai Cheng, UMN Emory University
More informationClimate Change and Global Warming
Climate Change and Global Warming Michael E. Mann Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia ETP 401 Guest Lecture University of Virginia April 12, 2005 `The balance of evidence suggests
More informationWeather Outlook 2016: Cycles and Patterns Influencing Our Growing Season
Weather Outlook 2016: Cycles and Patterns Influencing Our Growing Season Leon F. Osborne Chester Fritz Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric Sciences University of North Dakota Cycle of El Niño Events
More informationTHE PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION (PDO)
THE PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION (PDO) The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) refers to cyclical variations in sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. A detailed summary of the PDO is given in D Aleo
More informationNorth Pacific Climate Overview N. Bond (UW/JISAO), J. Overland (NOAA/PMEL) Contact: Last updated: September 2008
North Pacific Climate Overview N. Bond (UW/JISAO), J. Overland (NOAA/PMEL) Contact: Nicholas.Bond@noaa.gov Last updated: September 2008 Summary. The North Pacific atmosphere-ocean system from fall 2007
More informationEnvironmental changes
Environmental changes What are the fishery, environmental, and trophic effects in historical data? Can we use short-term predictions from multiple regression models? Two kind of predictions: What happens
More informationNOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE. El Niño Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation Control of Climate in Puerto Rico
2713 NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE El Niño Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation Control of Climate in Puerto Rico BJÖRN A. MALMGREN Department of Earth Sciences, University of Göteborg, Goteborg,
More informationNatural Climate Variability: Short Term
Natural Climate Variability: Short Term Natural Climate Change Today: Natural Climate Change-1: Overview of processes, with focus on short to medium timescales Natural Climate Change 1) Systems Revisited:
More informationRecent Climate History - The Instrumental Era.
2002 Recent Climate History - The Instrumental Era. Figure 1. Reconstructed surface temperature record. Strong warming in the first and late part of the century. El Ninos and major volcanic eruptions are
More informationKey Findings & Implications
A Tree-Ring Based Assessment of Synchronous Extreme Streamflow Episodes in the Upper Colorado & Salt-Verde-Tonto River Basins Key Findings & Implications August 10, 2005 Workshop A Collaborative Project
More informationCan CMIP5 models replicate long-term variability of storm characteristics in the WNP? James Bramante
Can CMIP5 models replicate long-term variability of storm characteristics in the WNP? James Bramante The Western North Pacific Figure taken from Laing and Evans (2011). Introduction to Tropical Meteorology.
More informationTransformational Climate Science. The future of climate change research following the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report
Transformational Climate Science The future of climate change research following the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report www.exeter.ac.uk/climate2014 Working Group I The challenge of climate change #climate2014
More informationGlobal Climate Patterns and Their Impacts on North American Weather
Global Climate Patterns and Their Impacts on North American Weather By Julie Malmberg and Jessica Lowrey, Western Water Assessment Introduction This article provides a broad overview of various climate
More informationDeep Ocean Circulation & implications for Earth s climate
Deep Ocean Circulation & implications for Earth s climate I. Ocean Layers and circulation types 1) Ocean Layers Ocean is strongly Stratified Consists of distinct LAYERS controlled by density takes huge
More informationSeasonal forecast from System 4
Seasonal forecast from System 4 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Outline Overview of System 4 System 4 forecasts for DJF 2015/2016 Plans for System 5 System 4 - Overview System 4 seasonal
More informationAn Arctic Perspective on Climate Change
An Arctic Perspective on Climate Change 23 Oct 2012 Gifford Miller (and many others) University of Colorado Boulder The Earth is warming How do we know? Temperature Anomaly ( C) It s a fact Global Land
More information53 contributors for 35 individual reports in 2009 show 5% of figures today
A Group Approach to Understanding Ecosystem Dynamics in the Northeast Pacific Ocean William Crawford and James Irvine, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) * * * 53 contributors for 35 individual reports
More informationObserved Climate Variability and Change: Evidence and Issues Related to Uncertainty
Observed Climate Variability and Change: Evidence and Issues Related to Uncertainty David R. Easterling National Climatic Data Center Asheville, North Carolina Overview Some examples of observed climate
More informationPresent day natural processes in the Russian Arctic and prospects of the Northern sea route use
Present day natural processes in the Russian Arctic and prospects of the Northern sea route use Vjacheslav M. Makeev The State Polar Academy Saint-Petersburg, Russia Temporal rows of annual air temperature
More informationATMOSPHERIC MODELLING. GEOG/ENST 3331 Lecture 9 Ahrens: Chapter 13; A&B: Chapters 12 and 13
ATMOSPHERIC MODELLING GEOG/ENST 3331 Lecture 9 Ahrens: Chapter 13; A&B: Chapters 12 and 13 Agenda for February 3 Assignment 3: Due on Friday Lecture Outline Numerical modelling Long-range forecasts Oscillations
More informationModes of Climate Variability and Atmospheric Circulation Systems in the Euro-Atlantic Sector
Modes of Climate Variability and Atmospheric Circulation Systems in the Euro-Atlantic Sector David Barriopedro 1,2 (1) Dpto. Física de la Tierra II, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (2) Instituto de Geociencias,
More informationttp://news.discovery.com/earth/iceland-volcano-aurora.html
ttp://news.discovery.com/earth/iceland-volcano-aurora.html Outline Role of volcanism on the climate system Distribution of Arctic volcanoes Types of eruptions Frequency of Arctic eruptions Influence on
More informationImpacts of Long-term Climate Cycles on Alberta. A Summary. by Suzan Lapp and Stefan Kienzle
Impacts of Long-term Climate Cycles on Alberta A Summary by Suzan Lapp and Stefan Kienzle Large Scale Climate Drivers The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) [Mantua et al., 1997] is the dominant mode of
More informationGlobal Wind Patterns
Name: Earth Science: Date: Period: Global Wind Patterns 1. Which factor causes global wind patterns? a. changes in the distance between Earth and the Moon b. unequal heating of Earth s surface by the Sun
More informationB. The Observed Changes in the Climate System
gases (decades to centuries), and, as a result, their concentrations respond much more quickly to changes in emissions. Volcanic activity can inject large amounts of sulphur-containing gases (primarily
More informationAn ENSO-Neutral Winter
An ENSO-Neutral Winter This issue of the Blue Water Outlook newsletter is devoted towards my thoughts on the long range outlook for winter. You will see that I take a comprehensive approach to this outlook
More informationFirst-Order Draft Chapter 3 IPCC WG1 Fourth Assessment Report
0 Figure... Estimates of linear trends in significant wave height (cm decade - ) for the regions along the major ship routes for the global ocean for the period 0 00. Trends are shown only for the locations
More information1. Oceans. Example 2. oxygen.
1. Oceans a) Basic facts: There are five oceans on earth, making up about 72% of the planet s surface and holding 97% of the hydrosphere. Oceans supply the planet with most of its oxygen, play a vital
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Trends of annual mean maximum ocean mixed layer depth. Trends from uninitialized simulations (a) and assimilation simulation
Supplementary Figure 1 Trends of annual mean maximum ocean mixed layer depth. Trends from uninitialized simulations (a) and assimilation simulation (b) from 1970-1995 (units: m yr -1 ). The dots show grids
More information1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?
CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ
More informationSatellites, Weather and Climate Module??: Polar Vortex
Satellites, Weather and Climate Module??: Polar Vortex SWAC Jan 2014 AKA Circumpolar Vortex Science or Hype? Will there be one this year? Today s objectives Pre and Post exams What is the Polar Vortex
More informationPossible Roles of Atlantic Circulations on the Weakening Indian Monsoon Rainfall ENSO Relationship
2376 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE Possible Roles of Atlantic Circulations on the Weakening Indian Monsoon Rainfall ENSO Relationship C.-P. CHANG, PATRICK HARR, AND JIANHUA JU Department of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 21 Climate 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Factors That Affect Climate Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases. The
More informationOceans. Sea Surface Temperature. Sea Level. Ocean Heat INDICATORS IN THIS CHAPTER
Oceans INDICATORS IN THIS CHAPTER 36 Ocean Heat Sea Surface Temperature Sea Level The oceans and atmosphere interact constantly both physically and chemically exchanging energy, water, gases, and particles.
More informationOcean Acidification the other CO2 problem..
Ocean Acidification the other CO2 problem.. Recall: Atm CO 2 already above recent planetary history CO 2 Today: What does this do to ocean water? Main Outline: 1. Chemistry. How does ocean absorb CO 2,
More informationMid-Term #1 (125 points total)
Ocean 520 Name: Chemical Oceanography 20 October 2009 Fall 2009 Points are in parentheses (show all your work) (use back if necessary) MidTerm #1 (125 points total) 1. Doney et al (2008) Ocean Acidification
More informationHow Patterns Far Away Can Influence Our Weather. Mark Shafer University of Oklahoma Norman, OK
Teleconnections How Patterns Far Away Can Influence Our Weather Mark Shafer University of Oklahoma Norman, OK Teleconnections Connectedness of large-scale weather patterns across the world If you poke
More information8.1.2 Climate Projections
Chapter 8 Nauru 167 8.1 Climate Summary 8.1.1 Current Climate Over the past half century it is likely that there has been a warming air temperature trend at Nauru which is partly associated with warming
More informationAMOC Impacts on Climate
AMOC Impacts on Climate Rong Zhang GFDL/NOAA, Princeton, NJ, USA Paleo-AMOC Workshop, Boulder, CO, USA May 24, 2016 Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) Kuklbrodt et al. 2007 McManus et al.,
More informationWhat is Climate? Climate Change Evidence & Causes. Is the Climate Changing? Is the Climate Changing? Is the Climate Changing? Is the Climate Changing?
What is Climate? 1 Climate Change Evidence & Causes Refers to the average environmental conditions (i.e. temperature, precipitation, extreme events) in a given location over many years Climate is what
More informationPredictability and prediction of the North Atlantic Oscillation
Predictability and prediction of the North Atlantic Oscillation Hai Lin Meteorological Research Division, Environment Canada Acknowledgements: Gilbert Brunet, Jacques Derome ECMWF Seminar 2010 September
More informationThe Pennsylvania State University. The Graduate School. College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Earth and Mineral Sciences SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY OVER THE LAST 2000 YEARS IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
More informationClimate System. Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern
Climate System Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern Reference: Chapin F. St., Matson P., Mooney Harold A. 2002 Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. Springer, Berlin, 490 p. Structure of this lecture
More informationLET NOT THAT ICE MELT IN SVALBARD S. RAJAN, INCOIS NEELU SINGH, NCAOR
LET NOT THAT ICE MELT IN SVALBARD S. RAJAN, INCOIS NEELU SINGH, NCAOR 1. Arctic (surface air) temperatures are rising twice as fast as the temperatures in the rest of the world (Amplification). The Arctic
More informationPacific Decadal Oscillation ( PDO ):
Time again for my annual Winter Weather Outlook. Here's just a small part of the items I considered this year and how I think they will play out with our winter of 2015-2016. El Nino / La Nina: When looking
More informationResearch on Climate of Typhoons Affecting China
Research on Climate of Typhoons Affecting China Xu Ming Shanghai Typhoon Institute November,25 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Typhoon disasters in China 3. Climatology and climate change of typhoon affecting
More informationAntarctic sea ice changes natural or anthropogenic? Will Hobbs
Antarctic sea ice changes natural or anthropogenic? Will Hobbs When is a trend not a trend? Antarctic sea ice trends are significant (compared to our 35-year record), but are they significant compared
More informationEarth s Oceans. Divisions of the Global Ocean
Earth s Oceans 1 Key Concept The characteristics of ocean water, such as temperature and salinity, affect the circulation of the ocean. What You Will Learn Earth is unique in our solar system because 71%
More informationLate Holocene changes in Atlantic Surface and Deep Water Circulation
Late Holocene changes in Atlantic Surface and Deep Water Circulation Peter B. demenocal Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Gerard C. Bond Lamont-Doherty Earth Obs. Tom Marchitto Univ.
More informationT he Northwest Atlantic is a key oceanic region with respect to climate variability. The Nordic, Labrador and
SUBJECT AREAS: CLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS PALAEOCLIMATE OCEAN SCIENCES PALAEOCEANOGRAPHY Received 14 February 2013 Accepted 12 April 2013 Published 2 May 2013 Correspondence and requests for materials should
More informationImpacts of Climate on the Corn Belt
Impacts of Climate on the Corn Belt Great Lakes Crop Summit 2015 2015 Evelyn Browning Garriss Conclusions Climate change is not linear. It ebbs and flows. Recent polar volcano eruptions created a cool
More informationOCB Summer Workshop WHOI, July 16-19,
Transformation and fluxes of carbon in a changing Arctic Ocean and it s impact on ocean acidification, the Atlantic view Leif G. Anderson Department t of Chemistry and Molecular l Biology University of
More informationSection 4 Professor Donald McFarlane
Carbon cycle Present in atmosphere in low concentrations Autotrophs incorporate it into organic matter via photosynthesis Section 4 Professor Donald McFarlane Lecture 23 and Climate Carbon Cycle Respiration
More informationTHE ATMOSPHERE IN MOTION
Funding provided by NOAA Sectoral Applications Research Project THE ATMOSPHERE IN MOTION Basic Climatology Oklahoma Climatological Survey Factor 1: Our Energy Source Hi, I m the Sun! I provide 99.9999+
More information1 What Is Climate? TAKE A LOOK 2. Explain Why do areas near the equator tend to have high temperatures?
CHAPTER 17 1 What Is Climate? SECTION Climate BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is climate? What factors affect climate? How do climates differ
More informationAssessment of strategies to project U.S. landfalling hurricanes. Judith Curry
Assessment of strategies to project U.S. landfalling hurricanes Judith Curry Overview Uncertainties in historical landfall data base Impact of modes of natural climate variability Impact of global warming
More informationIMPACTS OF A WARMING ARCTIC
The Earth s Greenhouse Effect Most of the heat energy emitted from the surface is absorbed by greenhouse gases which radiate heat back down to warm the lower atmosphere and the surface. Increasing the
More informationOverview of CO 2 -induced Changes in Seawater Chemistry
Overview of CO 2 -induced Changes in Seawater Chemistry Joan Kleypas & Chris Langdon I. Background II. Facts vs Hypotheses III. Future directions 10-Oct-00 9th Int Coral Reef Symp. 1 Effects of CO 2 on
More informationClimate Change. Unit 3
Climate Change Unit 3 Aims Is global warming a recent short term phenomenon or should it be seen as part of long term climate change? What evidence is there of long-, medium-, and short- term climate change?
More informationLOCATIONS IN MELANESIA MOST VULNERABLE TO CLIMATE CHANGE. Stephen J. Leisz Colorado State University
LOCATIONS IN MELANESIA MOST VULNERABLE TO CLIMATE CHANGE Stephen J. Leisz Colorado State University May 2009 Introduction As part of the Bishop Museum s look at climate change impacts on biodiversity in
More informationLink between Hurricanes and Climate Change: SST
Link between Hurricanes and Climate Change: SST FRIDAY: PROJECT 2 Proposals due! Bring laptops on weds (at least one per group)! Discuss assessment on Weds. Roger Francois will talk on Friday about the
More informationNorth Pacific Climate Overview N. Bond (UW/JISAO), J. Overland (NOAA/PMEL) Contact: Last updated: August 2009
North Pacific Climate Overview N. Bond (UW/JISAO), J. Overland (NOAA/PMEL) Contact: Nicholas.Bond@noaa.gov Last updated: August 2009 Summary. The North Pacific atmosphere-ocean system from fall 2008 through
More information1. Introduction 2. Ocean circulation a) Temperature, salinity, density b) Thermohaline circulation c) Wind-driven surface currents d) Circulation and
1. Introduction 2. Ocean circulation a) Temperature, salinity, density b) Thermohaline circulation c) Wind-driven surface currents d) Circulation and climate change e) Oceanic water residence times 3.
More informationChapter 3 East Timor (Timor-Leste)
Chapter 3 East Timor (Timor-Leste) 49 3.1 Climate Summary 3.1.1 Current Climate Despite missing temperature records for Dili Airport, it is probable that over the past half century there has been a warming
More informationThe Atmospheric Circulation
The Atmospheric Circulation Vertical structure of the Atmosphere http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/atmosphere/atmospheric_structure.html The global heat engine [courtesy Kevin Trenberth,
More informationTropical Moist Rainforest
Tropical or Lowlatitude Climates: Controlled by equatorial tropical air masses Tropical Moist Rainforest Rainfall is heavy in all months - more than 250 cm. (100 in.). Common temperatures of 27 C (80 F)
More informationThe role of sea-ice in extended range prediction of atmosphere and ocean
The role of sea-ice in extended range prediction of atmosphere and ocean Virginie Guemas with contributions from Matthieu Chevallier, Neven Fučkar, Agathe Germe, Torben Koenigk, Steffen Tietsche Workshop
More informationClimate variations in the eastern Mediterranean over the last millennium; New evidence from proxy reconstructions and high resolution climate models
Climate variations in the eastern Mediterranean over the last millennium; New evidence from proxy reconstructions and high resolution climate models Elena Xoplaki, Jürg Luterbacher Juan José Gómez-Navarro,
More informationA multi-proxy study of planktonic foraminifera to identify past millennialscale. climate variability in the East Asian Monsoon and the Western Pacific
This pdf file consists of all pages containing figures within: A multi-proxy study of planktonic foraminifera to identify past millennialscale climate variability in the East Asian Monsoon and the Western
More informationOcean Acidification: What It Means To Alaska
Ocean Acidification: What It Means To Alaska Ocean Research and Resources Advisory Panel Alaska Sea Life Center July 27 th, 2010 Jeremy T. Mathis Institute of Marine Science School of Fisheries and Ocean
More informationHydroclimate over the Common Era from Sr/Ca and d 18 O records of corals Thomas Felis
Hydroclimate over the Common Era from Sr/Ca and d 18 O records of corals Thomas Felis PAGES 2k PMIP3 Workshop Comparing data and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era
More informationChanges in Frequency of Extreme Wind Events in the Arctic
Changes in Frequency of Extreme Wind Events in the Arctic John E. Walsh Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois 105 S. Gregory Avenue Urbana, IL 61801 phone: (217) 333-7521 fax: (217)
More informationExtreme Rainfall in the Southeast U.S.
Extreme Rainfall in the Southeast U.S. David F. Zierden Florida State Climatologist Center for Ocean Atmospheric Prediction Studies The Florida State University March 7, 2016 Causes of Extreme Rainfall
More informationClimate Change Insights from the. Centuries
Climate Change Insights from the Paleoclimate Record of Past Centuries Michael E. Mann Penn State University with contributions from: Caspar Ammann, Raymond Bradley, Elizabeth Crespin, Jeff Donnelly, Greg
More informationChapter 15 Millennial Oscillations in Climate
Chapter 15 Millennial Oscillations in Climate This chapter includes millennial oscillations during glaciations, millennial oscillations during the last 8000 years, causes of millennial-scale oscillations,
More informationWinter. Here s what a weak La Nina usually brings to the nation with tempseraures:
2017-2018 Winter Time again for my annual Winter Weather Outlook. Here's just a small part of the items I considered this year and how I think they will play out with our winter of 2017-2018. El Nino /
More informationThe Planetary Circulation System
12 The Planetary Circulation System Learning Goals After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. describe and account for the global patterns of pressure, wind patterns and ocean currents
More informationMediterranean Climates (Csa, Csb)
Climatic Zones & Types Part II I've lived in good climate, and it bores the hell out of me. I like weather rather than climate. 1 John Steinbeck Mediterranean Climates (Csa, Csb) Main locations Western
More informationSea Level Rise and Coral Reefs: Predicting Responses. Pamela Hallock College of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg, FL 33701
Sea Level Rise and Coral Reefs: Predicting Responses Pamela Hallock College of Marine Science University of South Florida St. Petersburg, FL 33701 Acknowledgments Funded by EPA's Science To Achieve Results
More informationWP 4 Testing Arctic sea ice predictability in NorESM
WP 4 Testing Arctic sea ice predictability in NorESM Jens Boldingh Debernard SSPARSE Kick-off meeting 08.11.2016 Norwegian Meteorological Institute Background Inherent coupled problem Time-frame relevant
More informationActivity 2.2: Recognizing Change (Observation vs. Inference)
Activity 2.2: Recognizing Change (Observation vs. Inference) Teacher Notes: Evidence for Climate Change PowerPoint Slide 1 Slide 2 Introduction Image 1 (Namib Desert, Namibia) The sun is on the horizon
More informationAPPENDIX B PHYSICAL BASELINE STUDY: NORTHEAST BAFFIN BAY 1
APPENDIX B PHYSICAL BASELINE STUDY: NORTHEAST BAFFIN BAY 1 1 By David B. Fissel, Mar Martínez de Saavedra Álvarez, and Randy C. Kerr, ASL Environmental Sciences Inc. (Feb. 2012) West Greenland Seismic
More informationHere s what a weak El Nino usually brings to the nation with temperatures:
Time again for my annual Winter Weather Outlook. Here's just a small part of the items I considered this year and how I think they will play out with our winter of 2018-2019. El Nino / La Nina: When looking
More informationUsing the WHOI CMIP5 archive to understand paleoclimate dynamics
Using the WHOI CMIP5 archive to understand paleoclimate dynamics Kevin Anchukaitis Department of Geology and Geophysics Laura Fleming Northeastern University [B.Sc. Physics (Maths) 214] Using the WHOI
More informationNonlinear atmospheric response to Arctic sea-ice loss under different sea ice scenarios
Nonlinear atmospheric response to Arctic sea-ice loss under different sea ice scenarios Hans Chen, Fuqing Zhang and Richard Alley Advanced Data Assimilation and Predictability Techniques The Pennsylvania
More information