THE TRIBE GOCHNATIEAE: ONE OF THE BASAL CLADES OF COMPOSITAE
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1 THE TRIBE GOCHNATIEAE: ONE OF THE BASAL CLADES OF COMPOSITAE
2 THE TRIBE GOCHNATIEAE: ONE OF THE BASAL CLADES OF COMPOSITAE Vicki A. Funk 1, Gisela Sancho 2, Nádia Roque 3, Carol L. Kelloff 1, Iralys Ventosa-Rodrígues 4, Raymund Chan 1, and J. Mauricio Bonifacino 5 1 US National Herbarium, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution-NMNH, MRC 166, Washington DC, 20560, USA 2 Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, BA, Argentina 3 Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil 4 Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, Cuidad Habana, Cuba 5 Laboratorio de Botanica, Facultad de Agronomia, Montevideo, Uruguay
3 Objectives. to describe the placement of Tribe Gochnatieae in the context of the current phylogeny of Compositae to describe the taxonomic history and morphology of the Tribe Gochnatieae to show the phylogenetic relationships of the Tribe Gochnatieae obtained in a preliminary analysis based on molecular data.
4 The placement of the Tribe Gochnatieae in the context of the current phylogeny of Compositae Panero & Funk, 2008
5
6 GOCHNATIEAE (Benth. & Hook. f.) Panero & Funk (2002) Cnicothamnus Cyclolepis Gochnatia Richterago and probably Chucoa Panero & Funk, 2008
7 Cnicothamnus Griseb. C. lorentzii 2 species Hard and dry soils of subtropical forest of Bolivia and NW Argentina ( m)
8 Cyclolepis D. Don C. genistoides 1 species Salty soils from Paraguay to N Patagonia in Argentina ( m)
9 Cyclolepis D. Don M. Bonifacino
10 Richterago Kuntze R. amplexifolia R. caulescens N. Roque N. Roque 17 species Sandy and rocky soils of campos rupestres, mainly in Minas Geraes ranges, Brazil
11 Gochnatia Kunth about 65 species West Indies, North America (United States and Mexico), South America (Argentina to Venezuela with diversity centres in Brazil and the Andes)
12 Gochnatia Kunth G. polymorpha G. sagraeana G. cordata G. Sancho I.Ventosa- Rodriguez N. Roque
13 Gochnatia Kunth M. Bonifacino G. polymorpha I.Ventosa Rodríguez G. foliolosa M. Bonifacino
14 Gochnatia Kunth Cabrera, A. L., 1971 SECTIONS Moquiniastrum Hedraiophyllum Brazil Gochnatia NA & SA Discoseris Brazil GOCHNATIA Leucomeris Asia Andes Pentaphorus Chile
15 Moquiniastrum Pentaphorus M. Bonifacino M. Bonifacino W. Hong Leucomeris
16 GOCHNATIA AND RELATIVES Cabrera, A. L., 1971 Tribe Mutisieae, Subtribe Gochnatiinae ACTINOSERIS CYCLOLEPIS PLEIOTAXIS GOCHNATIA CHUCOA N. Roque M. Bonifacino
17 GOCHNATIA & RELATIVES Hansen, H. V ACTINOSERIS HYALIS NOUELIA PLEIOTAXIS GOCHNATIA CYCLOLEPIS CHUCOA M. Bonifacino T. Guoda.
18 Roque, N. y Hind, D. J. N., 1991 GOCHNATIA & RELATIVES ACTINOSERIS NOUELIA CNICOTHAMNUS IANTHOPAPPUS GOCHNATIA CYCLOLEPIS HYALIS Deble & Oliveira
19 GOCHNATIA & RELATIVES Freire, S. E., Katinas, L. y Sancho, G., 2006 ACTINOSERIS NOUELIA CNICOTHAMNUS PLEIOTAXIS GOCHNATIA IANTHOPAPPUS CHUCOA CYCLOLEPIS HYALIS
20 GOCHNATIA & RELATIVES (BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS) Freire, S. E., Katinas, L. y Sancho, G., 2006 ACTINOSERIS NOUELIA GOCHNATIA CNICOTHAMNUS IANTHOPAPPUS PLEIOTAXIS Katinas et al., 2008 CYCLOLEPIS HYALIS CHUCOA
21 TAXONOMICAL CHANGES IN GOCHNATIA Roque, N. y Pirani, R., 2001 ACTINOSERIS RICHTERAGO Panero, J. y Funk, V., 2002 Hind, D. J. N., 2006 Moquiniastrum Hedraiophyllum Discoseris GOCHNATIA PENTAPHORUS LEUCOMERIS Gochnatia Andes Leucomeris Pentaphorus Ventosa-Rodríguez, in press ANASTRAPHIA West Indies
22 GOCHNATIA & RELATIVES MOLECULAR STUDIES Panero, J. & Funk, V Funk, V. et al Panero, J. & Funk, V Panero, J. & Funk, V. 2008
23 CHANGES IN THE TRADITIONAL CONCEPT OF GOCHNATIA & RELATIVES SUBFAMILY WUNDERLICHIOIDEAE Tribe HYALIDEAE SUBFAMILY GOCHNATIOIDEAE RICHTERAGO NOUELIA PENTAPHORUS CNICOTHAMNUS GOCHNATIA IANTHOPAPPUS LEUCOMERIS CYCLOLEPIS HYALIS Molecular studies: Panero, J. y Funk, V. 2002; 2008
24 ISSUES TO SOLVE IN GOCHNATIA & RELATIVES 1. TRIBE GOCHNATIEAE (SUBFAMILY GOCHNATIOIDEAE ) & TRIBE HYALIDEAE (SUBFAMILY WUNDERLICHIOIDEAE) - Are the morphological characters traditionally used to group Gochnatia & relatives plesiomorphic or result of parallel evolution? Panero & Funk, 2008
25 ISSUES TO SOLVE IN GOCHNATIA & RELATIVES Panero & Funk, 2008 SUBFAMILY GOCHNATIOIDEAE, TRIBE GOCHNATIEAE - How the generic phylogenetic relationships of Gochnatieae will vary after the addition of new species of Gochnatia? - Is Gochnatia monophyletic? - Are the taxonomical changes carried out by different authors on Gochnatia sections mantained after the addition of new species in the molecular analysis?
26 THE TRIBE GOCHNATIEAE PROJECT TAXON SAMPLING Ingroup: Cnicothamnus: 1/2 species; Cyclolepis: 1/1 species; Richterago: 13/17; Gochnatia: 28/65 Outgroup Selection: Approximately 30 species from across all tribes in the basal grade were sampled as potential outgroups. MOLECULAR MARKERS 5000 base pairs of data of nuclear gene ITS and the choloroplast genes trnl-f, ndhf, matk (entire), and psba. ANALYSIS MP, ML, BAYESIAN
27 RESULTS - Other genera included in preliminary work (Chucoa, Leucomeris, Hyalis) consistently fell outside of the Gochnatia clade when all the tribes in the basal grade were used as outgroups and so were not maintained as members of this study ML BOOTSTRAP
28 POLLEN STUDIES Tellería, M. C., Funk, V., Sancho, G., Ventosa-Rodriguez, I., & Roque, N. Two pollen types: -I: Subtype a Subtype b -II: Subtype a Subtype b
29 Comparison with Cabrera s sections (1971) OUTGROUPS Cyclolepis Sect. Hedraiophyllum (NA) Anastraphia West Indean Sect. Gochnatia Cnicothamnus Sect. Andean Sect. Pentaphorus TRIBE Hedraiophyllum Sect. Gochnatia (SA) GOCHNATIEAE Richterago (including Sect. Discoseris) Sect. Hedraiophyllum (SA) Sect. Moquiniastrum ML BOOTSTRAP
30 Future investigations in the project -Re-definition of groups -Value of morphological character traditionally used by authors - Biogeography of the tribe
31 Some conclusions -Some morphological characters previously used in defining Gochnatia and relatives, would be a result of parallel evolution. -Reinstatement of Anastraphia, Pentaphorus and Richterago as well as the exclusion of Leucomeris is supported by the molecular analysis -The section Hedraiophyllum is polyphyletic as pointed out by Cabrera (1971) -Other sections as Gochnatia and Moquiniastrum need to be re-defined
32 Acknowledgements -Organizing Committee of the South American Compositae Meeting -São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), University of São Paulo, National Science Foundation (NSF)
33 Uruguay M. Bonifacino
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