ASTERALES composition and COMPOSITAE diversification. José Rubens Pirani Departamento de Botânica Universidade de São Paulo
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1 ASTERALES composition and COMPOSITAE diversification Fernando Costa Fernando Costa Fernando Costa José Rubens Pirani Departamento de Botânica Universidade de São Paulo Fernando Costa Gustavo Shimizu Fernando Costa
2 ASTERACEAE or COMPOSITAE c genera c spp. - the largest families of flowering plants. Gaillardia plant systematics - strongly supported as a monophyletic group by morphological, chemical, and molecular characters. - strong evidence for its nesting in the clade ASTERALES s.l., together with some ten other families according to APG-III (2009). - surpassed all other families in the order, and lead to the conquest of a cosmopolitan distribution with a wide range of life forms in practically almost all biomes on Earth.
3 COMPOSITAE in ASTERALES s.l. - a general panel of the Asterales - synapomorphies of the clade Compositae- Calyceraceae as sister-group to the Goodeniaceae. - the evolutive success of the Compositae.
4 APG-III S rdna, rbcl, atpb, atp1, matr (+ 61 molecular markers of 45 taxa) ASTERALES in the ASTERIDS CAMPANULIDS
5 ASTERIDS CAMPANULIDS Dipsacus Tank & Donoghue 2010 Lonicera plant systematics Heracletum plant systematics Ilex Plant systematics
6 ASTERIDS CAMPANULIDS Tank & Donoghue 2010 Aralia Dipsacus e.g. acetylenes, lactones; inferior ovary, early sympetaly Helianthus
7 Late Sympetaly Asterids LAMIIDS Plant systematics Anchusa officinallis Boraginaceae Leins 2000
8 EARLY SYMPETALY ASTERIDS CAMPANULIDS plant systematics Calendula officinalis, Compositae Leins 2000
9 Leonardo Ré-Jorge ASTERIDS CAMPANULIDS pseudanthia Dipsacus Trachymene Eryngium Dasyphyllum Cynara Plant systematics Plant systematics Ferrnando Costa Calea APIALES DIPSACALES ASTERALES
10 ASTERALES synapomorphies (e.g. Stevens 2008) Monophyly of the order strongly supported by rbcl, ndhf, and atpb sequences + mitochondrial rpl2 gene lost. route I secoiridoids, oligo- or polyfructosans, including inulin, with isokestose linkages [starch generally wanting] Fructans may stabilize cell membranes under drought and/or freezing conditions (Livingston III et al. 2009) petals valvate pollen grains tricelular 11 families 1,649 genera 25,790 species (10% of the angiospermas)
11 Each of the 12 major families of Asterales is labeled. ASTERALES Maximum-likelihood phylogeny for 4954 species MEGA-PHYLOGENY method (Tank & Donoghue 2010) DNA sequences of 5 genes: rbcl, matk, trnl-f, ndhf, ITS Compositae ASTERALES Mutisia Eric in SF
12 ASTERALES phylogeny Rousseaceae chloroplast gene analysis - Tank & Donoghue 2010 Campanulaceae 2,400 spp Pentaphragmataceae - 30 Alseuosmiaceae - 10 Phellinaceae - 11 Argophyllaceae - 20 In South America Stylidiaceae Menyanthaceae - 60 Goodeniaceae CORE ASTERALES All branches have Bayesian position probabilities > = 0.95 and ML boostrap > = 75% COMPOSITAE (ASTERACEAE) Calyceraceae - 60
13 Plant systematics ASTERALES CAMPANULACEAE I. Cordeiro Hippobroma I. Cordeiro I. Cordeiro secondary pollen presentation Centropogon Leins & Erbar 2010 J.R. Pirani Lobelia
14 ASTERALES Goodeniaceae COMPOSITAE - secondary pollen presentation [protandry, anthers connivent at dehiscence, the style elongates after pollen deposition] - stigma dry, ± papillate -calyx persistent in fruit - ovule 1 Calyceraceae
15 ASTERALES GOODENIACEAE 440 spp. Scaevola plumieri INKBERRY J. R. Pirani Florida - USA São Paulo, Brazil calphotos.berkeley.edu
16 ASTERALES GOODENIACEAE Stylar cup mechanism Leins & Erbar 2010 Selliera radicans style curved, with apical hairy pollen-collecting indusium and stylar cup Leins & Erbar 1989
17 ASTERALES Apical ovule, filaments connate, anthers free CALYCERACEAE 60 spp. DeVore 1994 involucrate CAPITULUM made of cymose units Wikipedia.com A-D. Acicarpha tribuloides E-G. Acicarpha spathulata H-I. Boopsis itatiaiae J-L. Boopsis bupleuroides Magenta & Pirani 2002 Acicarpha spathulata Brazil
18 ASTERALES CALYCERACEAE - Secondary pollen presentation Deposition mechanism Stigma minutely capitate, pollen deposited on its top a-h : 6 min. Leins & Erbar 2010
19 ASTERALES ASTERACEAE ou COMPOSITAE - ovule 1, basal Liatris Helianthus - involucrate CAPITULA - synanthery - sesquiterpene lactones Cynara Plant systematics.org
20 COMPOSITAE Capitula (heads) Stifftia A.B. Joly Fernando Costa Chresta Lychnophora Eremanthus Benoit Loeuille Mutisia Viguiera Fernando Costa I. Cordeiro hozdiamant
21 COMPOSITAE Cichorium Liatris Plant systematics
22 COMPOSITAE - Secondary pollen presentation Brushing mechanism Pump mechanism Senecio Achillea Grindellia Leins & Erbar 2010
23 COMPOSITAE - Capitulum development Eduardo L.H. Giehl Calea Mutisia Xerxes Fernando Costa Gustavo Shimizu
24 Hess 1983 CAPITULUM (head): centripetal development
25 Asterales COMPOSITAE - CAPITULUM Pollination: generalists plantsystematics.org adoroplantas.com Helianthus Fernando Costa Aspilia sp.
26 COMPOSITAE generalists Cirsium helenioides with various visitors on the heads: Zygaena - moth Melanargia - butterfly Bombus - bumblebee Cerambicidae - beetles Leins & Erbar 2010
27 CAPITULUM: high genetic diversity among seeds day 1 day 2 day 3... (adapted from Hess 1983)
28 plantsystematics.org Mara Magenta Cirsium Mikania Lactuca plantsystematics.org Parthenium Calea plantsystematics.org COMPOSITAE dispersion Taraxacum Bidens Acanthospermum
29 Fawcett et al. (2009) and Soltis et al. (2009): genome doubling helped numerous plant lineages survive mass extinctions. Van de Peer 2011 The modern polyploidy paradigm attributes enormous genomic versatility and concomitant evolutionary success to polyploid lineages. K-T limits hexaploid event duplication events previously reported (e.g. Cui et al. 2006) 2 ancient groups of WGDs (whole-genome duplications): 319 m.a. and 192 m.a. (Jiao et al. 2011)
30 ASTERALES phylogeny Rousseaceae chloroplast gene analysis - Tank & Donoghue 2010 Campanulaceae 2,400 spp Pentaphragmataceae - 30 Alseuosmiaceae - 10 Phellinaceae - 11 Argophyllaceae - 20 Stylidiaceae Menyanthaceae - 60 Goodeniaceae CORE ASTERALES All branches have Bayesian position probabilities > = 0.95 and ML boostrap > = 75% COMPOSITAE (ASTERACEAE) Calyceraceae - 60
31 Thanks! To USP, CNPq and FAPESP. To my students and collaborators. Let s have a good Compositae Meeting! Aspilia Eduardo L. H. Giehl Fernando Costa Chresta Wunderlichia Wikipedia Dasyphyllum Fleonardo Ré-Jorge
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