Archaeology of buildings and seismic risk
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1 Archaeology of buildings and seismic risk Methodological practice and case studies from Italy Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti
2 WHY ARCHAEOLOGY OF BUILDINGS AND SEISMIC RISK? Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti
3 The ministerial regulation in Italy issued by MIBACT in Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti
4 By the Guidelines, Ch. 4. The path of knowledge includes: For the purpose of correctly identifying the system and its stress, it is important to reconstruct the whole constructive history of cultural building, the construction process and the subsequent modifications of the complex during the time. In particular, the succession of the various parts of the factory will be highlighted in order to identify the areas of possible discontinuities and material disomogeneities, both in plan and in elevation (added bodies, overhangs, horizons substitutions, etc.). The history of the building can also be used as one of the tools for checking and verifying the building's response to particular natural or man-made events and any resulting transformations. Therefore, the events, especially the most significant and traumatic events, and the corresponding effects, documented (written or iconographic sources), or by means of a direct analytical survey of the artefact must be identified Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti andrea.arrighetti@unisi.it
5 BUILDING ACTIVITY TAKE OVER OF DATAS BY THE CONSTRUCTIVE ACTIONS DOCUMENTATION OF THE STRATIGRAPHICAL INTERFACES AND RELATIVE CHRONOLOGY (PHISICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL RELATIONS) INTEGRATION WITH DATAS FOUND IN OTHER TYPE OF SOURCES MATERIALS, WORKERS AND COMMITTENCE TYPOLOGY OF THE BUILDING S TECHNIQUES DOCUMENTATION OF THE BUILDING HISTORY USE OF INFORMATIONS HISTORICAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF A URBAN CENTER CIRCULATION OF WORKERS BUILDING MODELS CHRONOTYPOLOGY OF BUILDING TECHNIQUES ATLAS OF BUILDING TECHNIQUES MENSIOCRONOLOGY OF BUILDING MATERIALS DOCUMENTATION OF THE WORKING TOOLS ETC. TECHNICAL MODEL PRESCRIPTION FOR THE STRUCTURAL PLAN DETERMNIATION OF THE MECHANICAL HISTORY OF THE BUILDING OPERATIONS OF CONSERVATION AND RESTORING DETERMANTION OF THE MATERIALS DECAY ETC..
6 Mugello (Toscana, Italy) XVI century
7 Roggiano (Calabria, Italy) XX century
8 THE PROJECT Archaeology of Buildings and Seismic Risk in Mugello Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti
9 Research goals: Structuring an archaeoseismological operational practices for the analysis of historical buildings in seismic risk areas Develop historical and technical data in relation to the construction and reconstruction of the seismic history of an area (not only single buildings) Validate the application of archaeological analysis in relation to the requirements of the Guidelines of MIBAC Evaluate the contribution of an archaeoseismological approach to archeology and for all professions that deal with seismic risk Produce innovative elements on the basis of direct analysis on buildings (vulnerability, restoration, etc.). Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti
10 STEP 1 SEISMOLOGICAL INTRODUCTION OF THE CONTEXT Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti andrea.arrighetti@unisi.it
11 Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti MUGELLO
12 HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN THE PROVINCE OF FLORENCE WITH AN INTENSITY EQUAL OR GREATER IN DEGREE VI (CPTI 2011) 1148 Firenze Sud (VII grado) 1194 Galeata (FI) (VII grado) 1453 Firenze (--) 1463 Firenze Sud (VII grado) 1542 Scarperia (IX grado) 1554 Firenze Sud (VII grado) 1597 Scarperia (VII-VIII grado) 1611 Scarperia (VII grado) 1762 Mugello-Firenze (VII grado) 1770 Incisa V. d'arno (VIII grado) 1812 San Casciano (VIII grado) 1835 Borgo S. Lorenzo (VI grado) 1864 Mugello (VII grado) 1895 San Casciano (VIII grado) 1919 B.go S. Lorenzo-Vicchio (X grado) 1929 Mugello (VI-VII grado) Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti
13 STEP 2 RECOGNITION OF THE AREA AND IDENTIFICATION OF REPRESENTATIVE BUILDINGS Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti andrea.arrighetti@unisi.it
14 RECOGNITION OF THE AREA
15 IDENTIFICATION OF REPRESENTATIVE BUILDINGS Earthquake of the 1542 (INGV) VIII MCS Earthquake of the1542 (INGV) IX MCS Atlante Tipi Costruttivi Murari Siti scartati Siti analizzati
16 Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti
17 STEP 3 3D SURVEY Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti andrea.arrighetti@unisi.it
18 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC AND MICRO-PHOTOGRAMMETRIC 3D SURVEY Church of Sant Agata (FI)
19 Ortophoto and Digital Elevation Model were used for the identification and recording of the building s deformations Church of San Michele a Ronta (FI)
20 D.E.M. and profile sections record the deformations of the surfaces with a high accuracy (about 1-2 mm) Church of San Michele a Ronta (FI)
21 The monitoring of cracks through the micro-photogrammetry In collaboration with: Church of San Gavino Adimari (FI)
22 Digital Elevation Models e Surface sections T0: SEPTEMBER 2011 T1: SEPTEMBER 2012
23 The comparison of the profile sections Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti
24 STEP 4 STRATIGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF SEISMIC EFFECTS AND ANTI- SEISMIC BUILDING TECHNIQUES Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti andrea.arrighetti@unisi.it
25 STRATIGRAPHIC READING AND IDENTIFICATION OF INSTABILITY Church of Sant Agata (FI)
26 Church of Sant Agata (FI)
27 Church of Sant Agata (FI)
28
29 Wooden chain Limestone chain Sandstone chains Some examples of anti-seismic building s techniques: the chains
30 Stone chain Pilaster Iron chain Some examples of anti-seismic building s techniques: the chains and the pilasters
31 STEP 5 ANALYSIS OF THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SOURCES Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti andrea.arrighetti@unisi.it
32 EPIGRAPHY Epigraphy dated 1263 that shows the construction of the bell tower of the church Church of San Lorenzo a Borgo S. Lorenzo (FI)
33 CHARTOGRAPHY Capitani di Parte Guelfa, end of the XVI century Vasari-Stradano, Stradano, City of Scarperia (FI)
34 WRITTEN SOURCES Pievano Nozzolini, 1609 Church of Sant Agata (FI)
35 PHOTOS Church of San Cassiano in Padule (FI) after the earthquake of 1919
36 STEP 6 INTEGRATION BETWEEN HISTORICAL SOURCES AND STRATIGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti andrea.arrighetti@unisi.it
37 PERIODIZATION OF THE STRATIGRAPHY Church of San Lorenzo a Borgo S. Lorenzo (FI)
38 PERIODIZATION OF THE DAMAGES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES n.d n.d
39 PERIODIZATION OF THE CRACK PATTERN Prev (half of the XIII century?) Church of San Francesco a Borgo S. Lorenzo (FI)
40 RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SEISMIC DAMAGES AND COLLAPSES OCCURRED TO A BUILDINGS IN ITS HISTORY Schematic reconstruction of damage mechanisms by earthquakes from 1542 to 1611 on church of Sant'Agata del Mugello (FI). In particular, the kinematic mechanisms found are the following: out-of-plane of the façade and of the lateral wall; detachment of the portico; collapse of corners and part of the roof; collapse of the higher part of the bell tower; vertical cracks on the west elevation of the bell tower. Church of Sant Agata (FI)
41 RESULTS Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti
42 MATERIALS FOR THE ATLAS OF THE MUGELLO BUILDING S TECHNIQUES XI XIII secolo XI XIII secolo XII secolo XIII secolo XVIII XIX secolo XIX-XX secolo
43 X-XII CENTURY XIII-XIV CENTURY SUPPLY AND USE OF BUILDING MATERIAL FROM THE X TO THE XVII CENTURY XV CENTURY XVI-XVII CENTURY
44 CHRONO-TIPOLOGICAL ABACUS OF THE ANTI-SEISMIC TECHNIQUES
45 THE IDENTIFICATION OF A POSSIBLE EARTHQUAKE OF THE HALF OF THE XIII CENTURY Etrurian Fault System Buildings not constructed ETRURIAN FAULT SYSTEM Buildings with seismic damages Buildings without seismic damages
46 Biliography about the project in Mugello Ph.D. Andrea Arrighetti
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