Preface. 2 Cable space accelerator 39

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2 Contents Abstract Preface xiii xv 1 Space elevator, transport system for space elevator, 1 and tether system 1.1 Brief history Short description Transport system for the space elevator Free trip to space (Project 1) Delivery system for free round trip to Mars (Project 2) Free trip to Moon (Project 3) Discussion Conclusions Tether system 34 2 Cable space accelerator Introduction Description of suggested launcher Theory of the cable launcher Projects General discussion 58 3 Circle launcher and space keeper Introduction Description of circle launcher Theory of circle launcher Case studies Discussion, summary, and conclusions 81 4 Optimal inflatable space towers Introduction Description of innovation and problem 85 vii

3 viii 4.3 Theory of inflatable towers (all equations are given in metric system) Projects Conclusion Kinetic space towers Introduction Description of suggested launcher Theory of the kinetic tower and launcher Projects Discussion Gas tube hypersonic launcher Introduction Description Methods of estimation and results of computation Production cost of delivery Advantages of the proposed space launcher Discussion Earth Moon cable transport system Introduction Brief history Brief description, theory, and computation of innovations Theory of optimal cable from earth to moon Technical parameters of projects Conclusion Earth Mars cable transport system Introduction Brief description Theory of Earth Mars equal stress cable Project Conclusion Kinetic anti-gravitator Introduction Brief description of the installation Theory of the kinetic anti-gravitator Advantages of offered method Applications Discussion Conclusion 185

4 ix 10 Centrifugal space launchers Introduction Description of innovative launcher Theory of the sling launcher Projects General discussion Asteroids as propulsion system of space ships Introduction Connection method Project Discussion Conclusion Multi-reflex propulsion systems for space and 223 air vehicles and energy transfer for long distance 12.1 Introduction Description of innovation Theory (estimation) of multi-reflex launching and beam transfer Discussion Electrostatic solar wind propulsion Introduction Brief description of the propulsion system Basic theories of the solar wind installation and main estimations and computations Discussion Conclusion Electrostatic utilization of asteroids for space flight Introduction Description of utilization Theory and computation (in metric system) Project Discussion Electrostatic levitation on the earth and artificial 281 gravity for space ships and asteroids 15.1 Introduction Brief description of innovation Theory of an electrostatic lift force and results of computations (in metric system) 285

5 x 15.4 Projects Discussion Guided solar sail and energy generator Description of method and innovations Description of innovation and their advantages Further development Radioisotope space sail and electro-generator Description of method and innovations General information about the isotope sail Description of new method, installation, and innovation Improvements to the radioisotope sail Possibility of electric power Equation for computation of conventional IsoSail Conclusion Electrostatic solar sail Introduction Brief description of the innovations Theory of estimation and computation Utilization of space Recombination space jet propulsion engine Utilization of high-altitude mirror for lighting in local Earth areas Electronic sail In outer space without a space suit? Electrostatic space radiator 336 Attachments: Non-conventional and non-rocket flight on Earth 1 Air cable transport and bridges 341 A1.1 Introduction 341 A1.2 Short description of installation 343 A1.3 Advantages 345 A1.4 Formulas for estimation and computation (in metric system) 346 A1.5 Cable problems 349 A1.6 Data which can be used for computation 352 A1.7 Projects 352 A1.8 Conclusion 357

6 xi 2 High-speed catapult aviation 359 A2.1 Introduction 359 A2.2 Brief description of the innovation 360 A2.3 Theory of KV and a general estimation of flight data (in metric system) 361 A2.4 Advantages 365 A2.5 Project 367 A2.6 Discussion of problems Light multi-reflex engine 371 A3.1 Introduction 371 A3.2 Description of innovation 373 A3.3 Theory of the multi-reflex engine 375 A3.4 Discussion Optimal trajectories of air and space vehicles 383 A4.1 Introduction 384 A4.2 General equations 385 A4.3 Flight with a small change of vehicle mass and flight path angle 386 A4.4 Statement of the problem 388 A4.5 Optimal wing area 397 A4.6 Estimation of flight range 401 A4.7 Optimal engine control for constant flight pass angle 405 A4.8 Solution 406 A4.9 Simultaneous optimization of the path angle and fuel consumption 408 A4.10 Application to aircraft, rocket missiles, and cannon projectiles 410 A4.11 General discussion and conclusion High-efficiency transfer of mechanical energy 423 A5.1 Introduction 423 A5.2 Description of innovation 424 A5.3 Theory of air energy transfer (in metric system) 425 A5.4 Discussion 429 A5.5 Advantages of proposed method 430 A5.6 Defect Optimal aircraft thrust angles 431 A6.1 Introduction 432 A6.2 General methodology 433 A6.3 OTA for takeoff and landing 435 A6.4 Optimal angle of thrust vector in horizontal flight (cruise regime) 438 A6.5 Climb and descent regimes 442 A6.6 Turning of airplane 443 A6.7 Discussion 444 A6.8 Conclusions 446

7 xii Appendix 1 System of mechanical and electrical units 447 and other useful values 1.1 System of mechanical and electrical units Fundamental physical constants Astronomical data Density of gases at normal pressure and temperature 0 C in kg/m Parameters of earth atmosphere (relative density and temperature) 449 General references 451 Index 459