Marble. Marble is one of the most sophisticated types of stones. It is a metamorphic rock.

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1 Marble Marble is one of the most sophisticated types of stones. It is a metamorphic rock. When used in architecture it is usually smooth and polished, but it can come in a rough texture. Photo courtesy of ajaytao (Flickr.com), It is a kind of limestone that has become very solid and highly compressed. This allows it to be cut and polished easily. It has a beautiful crystal structure which can be seen when the rock is cut open. Photo courtesy of kevinzim (Flickr.com),

2 Marble Rock In history, the ancient Greeks and Romans used a lot of marble in their buildings and artwork. Photo courtesy of seier+seier+seier (Flickr.com), Today, marble is mostly used in home furnishings such as flooring, clocks and tables. Photo courtesy of kevinzim (Flickr.com),

3 Granite Granite is an igneous rock that is often used in building. It is very common and quarried all around the world. Photo courtesy of Kyknoord (Flickr.com), Photo courtesy of skinnydiver (Flickr.com), under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 licence. It is one of the hardest types of rock which means it is very durable and perfect for use in architecture.

4 Chalk Chalk is a soft and porous sedimentary limestone rock. It is usually a white-coloured, but not always. It is most often used for writing and drawing. Photo courtesy of treehouse1977 (Flickr.com), under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 licence. Photo courtesy of treehouse1977 (Flickr.com), under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 licence.

5 Chalk Other uses Snooker players also use chalk to keep the end of their cue rough. This helps prevent mis-hitting the cue ball. Powdered chalk was used to mark the boundary lines of grass tennis courts. A cloud of chalk dust could be seen if the ball hit a line. Nowadays titanium dioxide is used. Even toothpaste has small amounts of chalk! A lot of chalk is found in Europe, and especially England.

6 Sand Sand is a granular material made up of separate rock and mineral particles that have accumulated over thousands of years. Sand often forms beaches where land meets the sea. Photo courtesy of Réne Ehrhardt (Flickr.com), Photo courtesy of SC Fiasco (Flickr.com), And is also found in desert regions, such as the Sahara Desert in Africa.

7 Sand Sand is mixed together with cement, gravel and water to make concrete. Photo courtesy of internets dairy (Flickr.com), Wet sand can also be used to make amazing sculptures. Photo courtesy of Sroown (Flickr.com), Photo courtesy of BigTallGuy (Flickr.com),

8 Clay Clay is a natural material made up of fine-grained minerals. When wet it is easily mouldable, then hardens when dried. Photo courtesy of goucher (Flickr.com), Clay can be used to make bricks, pots, artwork, dishware and even musical instruments! A potter uses clay and water on a spinning plate to create pots, vases and bowls.

9 Types of rocks There are three main types of rock: Igneous Igneous rocks are formed directly from magma produced by volcanoes. Examples: granite, basalt, pumice Sedimentary These are formed when igneous rocks are eroded under the sea. Examples: limestone, chalk, sandstone Metamorphic Made up of igneous and sedimentary rocks that have been compressed. Examples: slate, marble, quartzite

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