Minerals and Rocks. Chapter Test A. Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.

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1 Minerals and Rocks Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 1. An example of a mineral made up of a pure element is a. coal. b. copper. c. quartz. d. glass. 2. Which term is used to describe how light is reflected from a mineral s surface? a. color b. luster c. cleavage d. streak 3. Halite is a mineral formed by a. crystallization of hot water solutions on the ocean floor. b. cooling of magma. c. evaporation. d. cooling of lava. 4. When all the grains in a rock are large and easy to see, the rock is described as a. extrusive. b. fine grained. c. coarse grained. d. nonbanded. 5. Which igneous rock has large crystals surrounded by smaller crystals? a. pegmatite b. porphyry c. rhyolite d. granite 6. An igneous rock commonly used as building material is a. sandstone. b. marble. c. slate. d. granite. 1

2 7. The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it is a. compaction. b. cementation. c. deposition. d. erosion. 8. A sedimentary rock made up of rock fragments with rounded edges is called a. shale. b. sandstone. c. conglomerate. d. breccia. 9. Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth s surface can change any rock into a. chemical rock. b. gemstones. c. metamorphic rock. d. sedimentary rock. 10. What step in the rock cycle would be required to change granite into sandstone? a. Granite particles settle on the ocean floor. b. Lava flows melt the granite sediment. c. Pieces of the granite melt when they return to the mantle by subduction. d. Magma hardens into granite sediment. 11. Civil engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the design and construction of works such as roads, bridges, dams, office buildings, and airports. Which of the following is an example of an engineered product in the branch of civil engineering? a. An arch that forms by weathering and erosion of a cliff. b. A granite statue of a famous football player. c. An ancient limestone aqueduct that brought water from the countryside to a major city. d. The pawns in a marble chess set. 2

3 12. Suppose an architect is designing a new building for a city near many factories. What is one reason the architect might not use limestone on the outside walls of the building? a. Limestone is easy to cut. b. Limestone is not easy to cut. c. Limestone can be damaged by acid rain. d. Limestone cannot be damaged by acid rain. Completion Fill in the line to complete each statement. 13. The splitting of a mineral along flat surfaces is a property called. 14. The sedimentary rock called is used in making cement. 15. The texture of slate is said to be because its mineral particles can be seen only with a microscope. 16. An igneous rock that is formed from lava is called a(n) rock. 17. As layer upon layer of sediments are deposited, the process of presses them together. True or False If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. 18. If you want to work as a geoscientist, it is important to study life science to do your job. 19. Particles of minerals called grains give a rock its texture. 20. The faster magma cools, the smaller the mineral crystals form. 21. Granite is an igneous rock made up of the minerals quartz, mica, feldspar, and hornblende. 22. The small particles of rock or the remains of living things that make up sedimentary rocks are called cement. 3

4 Using Science Skills Use the diagram to answer each question. 23. What step in the rock cycle creates the sediment from which sedimentary rock is formed? 24. Describe a pathway through the rock cycle in which magma becomes sedimentary rock. 25. Describe two pathways through the rock cycle in which igneous rock can become metamorphic rock. 4

5 Essay Write an answer for each of the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 26. Describe how a vein of silver forms from a solution. 27. Explain why metamorphic rock rarely forms at Earth s surface. 28. Describe what geologists do to determine the mineral composition of a rock. Using Science Skills Use the diagram to answer each question. 29. Which minerals in the table will scratch quartz? 30. If an unknown mineral has a hardness between 5 and 9, what could you do to the mineral to find out more about its hardness? 5

6 Essay Write an answer for each of the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 31. Describe the two types of chemical composition that characterize minerals. 32. What is an advantage and a disadvantage to using color to identify a mineral? 6

1. A solid material made up of one or more minerals or grains or other substances, including the remains of once-living things is a.

1. A solid material made up of one or more minerals or grains or other substances, including the remains of once-living things is a. 2. A solid, inorganic material that forms naturally on or beneath Earth