Unit 9 Lesson 3 How Can Rocks Be Classified? Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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Osborn Richards
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3 Igneous Rock Rock is a natural solid that is made of one or more minerals. Rocks are classified by how they form. There are three types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

4 Igneous Rock Classwork :1 Question :1

5 Igneous Rock Igneous rock forms when melted rock, called magma or lava, cools and hardens. Igneous rocks can form deep inside Earth as magma slowly cools.( example :Gabbro- Granite) Igneous rocks can also form on Earth s surface when a volcano erupts and the lava cools fast. ( example :Rhyolite- Basalt)

6 Igneous Rock When magma cools slowly beneath Earth s surface, large mineral crystals form. When lava at Earth s surface cools quickly, mineral grains do not have time to grow, and so the crystals remain small.

7 Igneous Rock Classwork :1 Question :2

8 Igneous Rock Classwork :1 Question :3

9 Igneous Rock Classwork :1 Question :4

10 Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rock forms from sediment, or particles of weathered rock, that gets cemented or glued together under pressure.

11 Sedimentary Rock Classwork :1 Question :5

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Sedimentary Rock Some sedimentary rocks, such as rock salt and limestone, form through chemical processes when minerals dissolved in water come out of

13 Sedimentary Rock Some sedimentary rocks, such as rock salt and limestone, form through chemical processes when minerals dissolved in water come out of solution. Limestone is often formed from the shells of sea animals. These shells, which are made of mineral calcite, are crushed and cemented together.

14 Sedimentary Rock

15 Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary rock can contain fossils. Fossils are the remains or signs of a living thing, such as a bone, shell, leaf imprint, or fossil footprint.

16 Sedimentary Rock Classwork :1 Question :7

17 Metamorphic Rock A rock that forms when Earth processes change the texture and the mineral content of rock is called metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rock can form from high pressure, high temperature, or a combination of both. Metamorphic rock can also form when super-hot fluids come into contact with rock.(but not high enough to melt the rock)

18 Metamorphic Rock Mountains can form when two large pieces of Earth s crust push against each other, causing rocks in the growing mountains to change. Pressure builds up and rock layers may bend, twist, and break. Over time, many of the rocks become metamorphic rocks.

19 Metamorphic Rock

20 Metamorphic Rock Classwork :2 Question :1

21 Metamorphic Rock

22 The Rock Cycle Any type of rock can become another type of rock. The continuous process of rock changing from one type to another is known as the rock cycle. For example, after igneous rock is formed, weathering and erosion can break it down to form sediment which later forms rock.

23 The Rock Cycle Metamorphic rock can be broken down in the same way to become sediment, which can be broken down, transported, and deposited to become new sedimentary rock. Temperature and pressure can also transform any type of rock into metamorphic rock. Any rock can be melted and cooled to form igneous rock.

24 The Rock Cycle Classwork :2 Question :2

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26 Uses of Rock Many monuments and statues, such as the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., are made of marble, a relatively soft metamorphic rock. Toothpaste is made from several minerals that are extracted from rocks. These minerals have natural cavity-fighting properties.

27 Uses of Rock Many old buildings and monuments, such as the Egyptian pyramids, are made of limestone. Today, limestone is used in many homes and office buildings. Many building materials, such as cement and concrete, are made from rocks.

28 Uses of Rock

29 Uses of Rock Classwork :2 Question :4

30 Uses of Rock Classwork :2 Question :5 Match each term to its definition:

2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures CHAPTER 2 2 Igneous Rock SECTION Rocks: Mineral Mixtures BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture