The Italian view on. Marco Pantaloni Geological Survey of Italy ISPRA Via V. Brancati, Rome - Italy
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1 The Italian view on OneGeology Europe and INSPIRE Marco Pantaloni Geological Survey of Italy ISPRA Via V. Brancati, Rome - Italy marco.pantaloni@isprambiente.it
2 OneGeology-Europe addresses Multilingual aspects Data licensing Sharing of geological knowledge Demonstration of best practices in provide and use of geological spatial data Geological data harmonization
3 Who s worked on it? 1:1M pan-european Scientific Data Specification, Identification and Sourcing working group (WP 3) Specification for geological spatial data Realization of an interoperable 1:1M scale dataset Make progress in scientifically harmonising the dataset, includingconflictresolution across politicalboundaries
4 Why harmonise? The INSPIRE directive starts from the consideration that: Many initiatives are taken at national and Community level to collect, harmonise or organise the dissemination or use of spatial information. Art. 7, Chapt. 3: Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services Implementing rules laying down technical arrangements for the interoperability and, where practicable, harmonisation of spatial data sets and services. shall be adopted Relevant user requirements, existing initiatives and international standards for the harmonisation of spatial data sets. shall be taken into account in the development of the implementing rules Where organisations established under international law have adopted relevant standards to ensure interoperability or harmonisation of spatial data sets and services, these standards shall be integrated
5 Which procedure? Analysis of individual datasets Realization of a common vocabulary Comparison and adaptation to the GeoSciML vocabulary
6 Vocabulary topics, themes,.. Lithology Geochronology (age) Genesis (necessary for Quaternary) Structures and faults Yellow=mandatory White=optional Lithology Age EventEnvironment EventProcess OrogenicEvent MetamorphicFacies MetamorphicGrade GeologicUnitType GeologicUnitMorphology GeologicUnitPartRole ProportionTerms ContactType FaultType FeatureObservationMethod MappedFeatureObservationMethod
7 ., terms and definitions
8 Geologic unit: composition part Composition part 1 Lithology Role of composition part Proportion of composition part Geologic unit as been portrayed using Lithology of Composition part 1 Composition part 2 Lithology Role of composition part Proportion of composition part Composition part 3 Lithology Role of composition part Proportion of composition part Composition part 4 Lithology Role of composition part Proportion of composition part Composition part 5 Lithology Role of composition part Proportion of composition part from 1 up to 5
9 Geologic unit: geologic event Age can be recorded as numeric value or geochronologic term, as single value or as a range. Geologic unit has been portrayed using the lower age The age of deposition of a sedimentary rock. The age of intrusion of a igneous rock. The protolith age or the final phase of metamorphism of a metamorphic rock.
10 Italian dataset features 1:1M scale geologicalmap Realized in 2008, printedin 2011 Bedrock and Quaternary deposits Legend in Italian and English
11 Legend features 3 levels of subdivisions for 104 units: lithogenetic depositional domains (+ orogenic cycle) lithological (+ chrono attribute, sometimes at Age level) Structural elements: fault, thrust and caldera
12 Examples of critical units description SEDIMENTARY ROCKS criticity 1 Deltaic, alluvial and coastal plain deposits; aeolian deposits description based on depositional environment 2 Terraced alluvial deposits; aeolian deposits; travertines mixed description: depositional environment & lithology 3 Marls, pelites, sands and conglomerates, with gypsum many lithologies, different grain size, plus subordinate lithology 4 Limestones, marls, pelites, sandstones and conglomerates very different lithologies (ranging from limestone to conglomerate) 5 Ophiolites: peridotites, gabbros, basalts, serpentinites and ophiolitic breccias VOLCANIC ROCKS 6 Rhyolites, rhyodacites, pantellerites with subordinate quartz latites and trachytes: pyroclastic rocks and lavas PLUTONIC ROCKS 7 Tonalites, quartz monzonites, monzonites, monzogabbros and monzodiorites ophiolites: as it is or something else? no problem: we can use petrology or volcanic facies different petrology METAMORPHIC ROCKS 8 Phyllites, micaschists with subordinate quartzites, gneisses and marbles very different lithologies (ranging from phyllite to gneiss and marble)
13 Lithology Interpretative problems } #1 description based on depositional environment } #2 mixed description: depositional environment & lithology
14 Lithology Problems in definition of main lithology } #7 many lithologies, different grain size, plus subordinate lithology } #8 very different lithologies (ranging from limestone to conglomerate)
15 Lithology Problems in interpretation and in definition of main lithology } #15 depositional environment + different lithologies } #16 depositional environment + very different lithologies
16 Lithology Problems in definition of main lithology } #98 very different lithologies (ranging from phyllite to gneiss and marble)
17 Age Problems in different age level of detail } #25 defined at level of period (Carboniferous) } #26 defined at level of epoch (Lower Carboniferous)
18 Age Problems in different age level of detail } #9 detailed at level of epoch } #10 detailed at level of age } #11 detailed at levelof age/subage
19 Lithology and Age Problems with extended age range and different lithologies } #34 very extended age range (from Cretaceous up to Mio- Pliocene) and different lithology (from limestone to marl to pelite)
20 Geometric harmonisation Geometric consistency along the state border Geologic unit (lithology) poligons Geologic unit (age) poligons Structures
21 Aguille Rouge - Monte Bianco Massif (4810 m) Mont Dolent (3820 m) Vanoise Massif (3697 m) Gran Paradiso (4061 m) Rocciamelone (3538 m) Monviso Massif (3841 m) Argentera Mercantour Massif (3297 m)
22 1 - European foreland 2 Jura fold belt 3 Subalpine Molasse 4 Helvetic cover 5 Helvetic basement 6 - Pennidic nappe 7 - Pennidic ophiolite-bearing nappes NW SE
23 NW Collisional wedge SE EC - European foreland J - Jura fold belt M - Subalpine Molasse H Helvetic/Dauphinoise P - Pennidic domain domain pf - Pennidic front Europe vergent collisional belt Western Austroalpine (WA) Penninic domain: continental and ophiolitic (o) nappes in western Alpine arc (P) Penninic front (pf) Helvetic-Dauphinois domain (H-D) Molasse foredeep (M) Jura belt (J) Ma: Cervino-Matterhorn EC: European crust EM: European mantle AS: Asthenosphere AM: Adriatic mantle
24
25 Limone Piemonte Sandstone Conglomerate Schist Maritim Alps Conglomerate Impure carbonate sed.rock Claystone Sandstone Impure carbonate sed.rock Sandstone Conglomerate Limestone Limestone Dolostone (impure limestone) (bauxite) Ventimiglia
26 Limestone Dolomitic limestone Dolostone Bauxite Limestone Dolomitic limestone Dolostone Nodular limestone Dolomitic limestone Marls
27 Argentera Massif Granitoid Granodiorite Monzogranite Metamorphic rock Migmatite Amphibolite Gneiss Gneiss Migmatite Schist Mercantour Massif
28 Argentera Massif Mercantour Massif Cambrian Carboniferous
29 Monviso Massif Schist Limestone Metamorphic rock Schist Quartzite Marble Phillite
30 Monviso Massif Middle Jurassic - Cretaceous Upper Cretaceous - Miocene
31 Mid Jura Upper Creta Gran Paradiso Vanoise Massif Mid Jura - Creta Jurassic Upper Creta No match in age
32 Metamorphic rock Granite Mont Dolent Paragneiss Amphibolite Gneiss Migmatite Amphibolite Gneiss Granite Granodiorite Aguille Rouge Monte Bianco Massif Micaschist Gneiss Phyllite Quartzite Marble Conglomerate Sandstone Mudstone Breccia Schist Limestone Conglomerate Schist Quartzite Marble Phyllite Schist Sandstone Coal Conglomerate
33 12 South alpine cover
34
35 Gemona del Friuli Kobarid
36
37 Nova Gorica Gorizia Trieste
38 Conclusions The harmonisation of geodatasets is a fundamental issue, because: The European Commission (and INSPIRE directive) require consistent data about geology; they does not change its attribute or portrayal crossing political boundaries. Geology does not recognise political boundaries (contrary to what geologists do). OneGeo-Europe has approached but not solved all the harmonisation issues. The use of the same semantic base and data model is a necessary but not sufficient condition. It is important to start from similar level of geo-database detail. The geologic unit description based on 1 up to 5 different composition part is fundamental for small scale geodataset to avoid loss of information, but its use introduces high level of non-harmonisation: To assure a useful harmonisation, at geodataset scale level increase will be necessary the reduction of the number of composition part. In most cases a review of the geologic unit description is necessary. Inter-State boundary conciliation process is necessary, and becomes mandatory for boundaries along complex geological situations (Pyrenees, Alps, Dinaric Alps, Bohemian Massif, Carphatians, etc.).
39 What we expect from a harmonisation procedure? A harmonised pear? Or a quasi-harmonised pear?
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