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Name Regents Review #7 Date Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the pictures of four rocks shown below. Magnified views of the rocks are shown in the circles. 5.

1 Name Regents Review #7 Date Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the pictures of four rocks shown below. Magnified views of the rocks are shown in the circles. 5. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals. 1. What do all four rock samples have in common? A) They show cleavage. B) They contain minerals. C) They are organically formed. D) They formed on Earth s surface. 2. Which rock is metamorphic and shows evidence of foliation? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 3. Which physical characteristic best describes the rock phyllite? A) glassy texture with gas pockets B) clastic texture with angular fragments C) bioclastic texture with cemented shell fragments D) foliated texture with microscopic mica crystals 4. Most rocks that form from fragmental rock particles are classified as A) extrusive igneous B) intrusive igneous C) clastic sedimentary D) chemical sedimentary Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because A) light reflects from crystal surfaces B) energy is released during crystallization C) of impurities that produce surface variations D) of the internal arrangement of the atoms 6. Which mineral can be found in all samples of rhyolite and andesite? A) pyroxene B) quartz C) biotite D) potassium feldspar 7. The rock shown below has a foliated texture and contains the minerals amphibole, quartz, and feldspar arranged in coarse-grained bands. Which rock is shown? A) slate B) dunite C) gneiss D) quartzite 8. Which igneous rock has a vesicular texture and contains the minerals potassium feldspar and quartz? A) andesite B) pegmatite C) pumice D) scoria 9. Which characteristic of nonsedimentary rocks would provide the least evidence about the environment in which the rocks were formed? A) structure B) color C) crystal size D) mineral composition

2 Base your answers to questions 10through 13on the diagram below which shows the structure of a student-developed chart for identifying some rock samples. The circles labeled choice 1 through choice 4 represent decision-making steps leading either to path (a) or path (b). Choice 5 has not been completed. 10.Which characteristic should be used at choice 5 to further identify the types of clastic sedimentary rocks? A) grain size B) mineral cement C) mineral color D) horizontal layering 11.Before the student can select either path (a) or path (b) at choice 1, the student must make a decision about A) mineral composition B) crystal size C) the temperature at which rocks form D) the appearance of the rock grains 12.Which rock specimen should lead the student to choice 4, path (a)? A) peridotite B) quartzite C) gneiss D) dolostone 13.At choice 2, the student should generally select path (a) if the student observes A) a random arrangement of mineral crystals B) distorted structure and crystal alignment C) bands of mineral crystals D) layers of same-sized crystals 14. Which rock is sedimentary in origin and formed as a result of chemical processes? A) granite B) shale C) breccia D) dolostone 15. Which sedimentary rock is formed by the compaction and cementation of sorted sediments 0.05 centimeter in diameter? A) shale B) siltstone C) sandstone D) conglomerate

3 Base your answers to questions 16through 20 on the diagrams below which represents the same rock material at five stages of development. The graph below shows the temperature and depth of burial at which stages A through D develop Stage E has intentionally been omitted from the graph. 16.The rocks in stages C and D are both A) noncrystalline B) foliated C) clastic D) glassy 17.According to the graph, gneiss is formed at a depth of approximately A) 10 km B) 7 km C) 3 km D) 0 km 18. Clayey sandstone will form gneiss if the A) temperature and pressure both decrease B) temperature and pressure both increase C) temperature decreases and the pressure increases D) temperature increases and the pressure decreases 19. In the simple rock-cycle diagram, which processes along path X would change the schist (stage C) directly into a pile of sediments (stage A)? A) uplift, weathering, and erosion of the schist B) cementing of sediment grains followed by compaction C) melting of the schist followed by cooling D) heat and/or pressure applied to the schist

4 20. Which graph correctly shows where magma would begin to crystallize into granite (stage E)? A) B) C) D) Base your answers to questions 21 and 22 on the cross section below. Rock units are labeled 1 through 8. The line between A and A' indicates an unconformity. 21. Which rock most probably formed in the contact metamorphic zone within rock unit 6? A) marble B) basalt C) quartzite D) hornfels 22. Which characteristic of the granite intrusion provides the most evidence that it solidified deep underground? A) very hard B) coarse texture C) light color D) felsic composition

5 Base your answers to questions 23 through 26 on the diagram below, which represents a scheme for classifying rocks. The letters A, B, C and X, Y, Z represent missing labels. 23. Which rocks could be represented by circles X, Y, and Z? A) shale, slate, and schist B) sandstone, shale, and siltstone C) anthracite coal, metaconglomerate, and rock salt D) breccia, gneiss, and rhyolite 24. If the rock in circle C formed from limestone, it would be called A) schist B) anthracite coal C) marble D) slate 25. Which processes would form the type of rock that is represented by circle B? A) deposition and compaction B) weathering and erosion C) melting and solidification D) faulting and folding 26. The classification of rocks into sedimentary or nonsedimentary groups is based primarily on the rocks' A) origin B) density C) color D) age 27. Large crystals in an igneous rock most likely form as a result of the A) mineral composition of the magma B) cooling rate of the magma C) fossil content of the rock D) color of the rock 28. Particles of sediment collected from a lake bottom averaged 1.2 centimeters in diameter. If left on the lake bottom to become buried by more sediment and compressed into rock, these particles would form A) sandstone B) conglomerate C) quartzite D) granite

Base your answers to questions 29 through 31 on the data table below, which lists some properties of four minerals that are used as ores of zinc (Zn). 29. A sample of sphalerite has a mass of 176.

A mineral with a hardness of 5 would scratch A) all four zinc minerals in the table B) zincite, but not sphalerite, smithsonite, or willemite C) zincite and sphalerite, but not smithsonite or

Which characteristic determines whether a rock is classified as a shale, a siltstone, a sandstone, or a conglomerate?

6 Base your answers to questions 29 through 31 on the data table below, which lists some properties of four minerals that are used as ores of zinc (Zn). 29. A sample of sphalerite has a mass of grams. What is the volume of the sample? A) 22.7 cm 3 B) 31.4 cm 3 C) 40.0 cm 3 D) 44.0 cm A mineral with a hardness of 5 would scratch A) all four zinc minerals in the table B) zincite, but not sphalerite, smithsonite, or willemite C) zincite and sphalerite, but not smithsonite or willemite D) zincite, sphalerite, and smithsonite, but not willemite 31. Which mineral belongs in the same mineral group as quartz and olivine? A) zincite B) willemite C) sphalerite D) smithsonite 32. Which characteristic determines whether a rock is classified as a shale, a siltstone, a sandstone, or a conglomerate? A) the absolute age of the sediments within the rock B) the mineral composition of the sediments within the rock C) the particle size of the sediments within the rock D) the density of the sediments within the rock 33. Wavy bands of light and dark minerals visible in gneiss bedrock probably formed from the A) cementing together of individual miner grains B) cooling and crystallization of magma C) evaporation of an ancient ocean D) heat and pressure during metamorphism 34. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz? A) sulfuric acid B) pencil lead C) plaster of paris D) window glass 35. The diagrams below represent four rock samples. Which rock was formed by rapid cooling in a volcanic lava flow? [The diagrams are not to scale.] A) B) C) D) 36. Which type of rock most likely contains fossils? A) scoria B) gabbro C) schist D) shale

7 Base your answers to questions 37 through 39 on the drawings of six sedimentary rocks labeled A through F. 37. Most of the rocks shown were formed by A) volcanic eruptions and crystallization B) compaction and/or cementation C) heat and pressure D) melting and/or solidification 38. Which two rocks are composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals? A) rock salt and conglomerate B) rock salt and breccia C) sandstone and shale D) sandstone and limestone 39. Which table shows the rocks correctly classified by texture? A) B) C) D)

8 40. The diagram below shows three stages in the formation of a specific rock. Which rock is formed as a result of these three stages? A) limestone B) gneiss C) schist D) coal Base your answers to questions 41 and 42 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral. 43. The flowchart below illustrates the change from melted rock to basalt. The solidification of the melted rock occurred A) slowly, resulting in fine-grained minerals B) slowly, resulting in coarse-grained minerals C) rapidly, resulting in coarse-grained minerals D) rapidly, resulting in fine-grained minerals 41. Which mineral was tested? A) amphibole B) quartz C) galena D) graphite 42. The luster of this mineral could be determined by A) using an electronic balance B) using a graduated cylinder C) observing how light reflects from the surface of the mineral D) observing what happens when acid is placed on the mineral

Base your answers to questions 44 through 48 on the table below which provides

Which diagram best represents the texture, composition, and intergrown crystals of

Which two rocks most likely formed farthest below the surface of Earth?

9 Base your answers to questions 44 through 48 on the table below which provides information about the crystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D. 44. Which characteristic of rock B could be caused by the minerals pyroxene and olivine? A) green color B) felsic composition C) folded layers D) metallic luster 45. Which diagram best represents the texture, composition, and intergrown crystals of rock A? A) B) C) D) 46. Which two rocks most likely formed farthest below the surface of Earth? A) A and B B) B and C C) C and D D) A and D 47. Rock B most likely is A) conglomerate B) schist C) obsidian D) peridotite 48. The mineral quartz in rock A is composed of the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust. These two elements are oxygen and A) magnesium B) silicon C) iron D) lead

49. The diagrams below show the crystals of four different rocks viewed through the same hand lens.

$A) fracture B) hardness C) streak D) cleavage 51. Which mineral is most likely shown in the photograph? A) quartz B) calcite C) galena D) halite 52.$ Which sedimentary rocks are clastic and consist of particles that have diameters smaller than 0.006 centimeter?

Which sedimentary rocks are clastic and consist of particles that have diameters smaller than 0.006 centimeter?

10 49. The diagrams below show the crystals of four different rocks viewed through the same hand lens. Which crystals most likely formed from molten material that cooled and solidified most rapidly? A) B) C) D) Base your answers to questions 50 and 51 on the photograph below. The photograph shows several broken samples of the same colorless mineral. 50. Which physical property of this mineral is most easily seen in the photograph? A) fracture B) hardness C) streak D) cleavage 51. Which mineral is most likely shown in the photograph? A) quartz B) calcite C) galena D) halite 52. Which sedimentary rocks are clastic and consist of particles that have diameters smaller than centimeter? A) conglomerate and sandstone B) siltstone and shale C) bituminous coal and breccia D) fossil limestone and chemical limestone 53. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are usually composed of A) intergrown crystals B) fossils C) minerals D) sediments

11 Base your answers to questions 54 through 58 on the diagrams below of five rock samples. 61. What is the origin of fine-grained igneous rock? A) lava that cooled slowly on Earth s surface B) lava that cooled quickly on Earth s surface C) silt that settled slowly in ocean water D) silt that settled quickly in ocean water 62. The diagram below shows the index minerals of Mohs hardness scale compared with the hardness of some common objects. 54. The basalt was most likely formed by A) heat and pressure B) melting and solidification C) compaction and cementation D) erosion and deposition 55. Which sample is composed of sediments centimeter to 0.2 centimeter in size that were compacted and cemented together? A) conglomerate B) sandstone C) gneiss D) granite 56. If granite were subjected to intense heat and pressure, it would most likely change to A) conglomerate B) sandstone C) gneiss D) basalt 57. Which sample is igneous and has a coarse texture? A) sandstone B) conglomerate C) basalt D) granite 58. Which sample would most likely contain fossils? A) gneiss B) granite C) sandstone D) basalt 59. Which intrusive igneous rock could be composed of approximately 60% pyroxene, 25% plagioclase feldspar, 10% olivine, and 5% amphibole? A) granite B) rhyolite C) gabbro D) basalt 60. Which feature is characteristic of sedimentary rocks? A) layering B) foliation C) distorted structure D) glassy texture Which statement is best supported by the diagram? A) A fingernail will scratch calcite but not gypsum. B) Calcite will be scratched by a copper penny. C) The mineral apatite will scratch topaz. D) A steel file has a hardness of about Large rock salt deposits in the Syracuse area indicate that the area once had A) large forests B) a range of volcanic mountains C) many terrestrial animals D) a warm, shallow sea

12 Regents Review #7 64. Base your answer to the following question on the geologic cross section below. Location A is within the metamorphic rock. The metamorphic rock at location A is most likely A) marble B) quartzite C) phyllite D) slate 65. The diagram below shows some features in a cave. Which type of rock was chemically weathered by acidic groundwater to produce the cave and its features? A) siltstone B) basalt C) quartzite 66. Which characteristic of an igneous rock would provide the most information about the environment in which the rock solidified? A) color C) hardness B) texture D) streak D) limestone 67. The mineral graphite is often used as A) B) C) D) a lubricant an abrasive a source of iron a cementing material

13 68. The geologic cross section below shows variations of mineral composition that can be observed in the Palisades Sill. The Palisades Sill is an intrusive igneous rock called diabase. Which other igneous rock is closest to diabase in mineral composition? A) andesite B) granite C) rhyolite D) gabbro 69. Which sequence of change in rock type occurs as shale is subjected to increasing heat and pressure? A) shale schist phyllite slate gneiss B) shale slate phyllite schist gneiss C) shale gneiss phyllite slate schist D) shale gneiss phyllite schist slate 70. The table below shows some observed physical properties of a mineral. 71. Metamorphic rocks result from the A) erosion of rocks B) recrystallization of rocks C) cooling and solidification of molten magma D) compression and cementation of soil particles 72. The diagram below represents top and side views of a model of the silicate tetrahedron. Based on these observations, the elements that make up this mineral's composition are A) sulfur and lead B) sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen C) oxygen, silicon, hydrogen, and magnesium D) oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and iron This tetrahedron is found in large amounts in the Earth's A) hydrosphere B) troposphere C) lithosphere D) stratosphere 73. Which type(s) of rock can be the source of deposited sediments? A) igneous and metamorphic rocks, only B) metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, only C) sedimentary rocks, only D) igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks

74. Base your answer to the following question on the block diagram below, which shows a portion of Eath's crust. Letters A, B, C, and D indicate sedimentary layers.

The igneous rock is most likely A) granite B) pegmatite C) gabbro D) pumice 75.

14 74. Base your answer to the following question on the block diagram below, which shows a portion of Eath's crust. Letters A, B, C, and D indicate sedimentary layers. The igneous rock is mostly composed of potassium feldspar and quartz crystals that have an average grain size of 3 millimeters. The igneous rock is most likely A) granite B) pegmatite C) gabbro D) pumice 75. In the diagram below, each angle of the triangle represents a 100 percent composition of the mineral named at that angle. The percentage of the mineral decreases toward 0 percent as either of the other angles of the triangle is approached. Letter A represents the mineral composition of an igneous rock. 77. A student classified the rock below as sedimentary. Which observation about the rock best supports this classification? Rock A is a coarse-grained igneous rock that can best be identified as A) rhyolite B) pumice C) granite D) gabbro 76. The three statements below are observations of the same rock sample: The rock has intergrown crystals from 2 to 3 millimeters in diameter. The minerals in the rock are gray feldspar, green olivine, green pyroxene, and black amphibole. There are no visible gas pockets in the rock. This rock sample is most likely A) sandstone B) gabbro C) granite D) phyllite A) The rock is composed of several minerals. B) The rock has a vesicular texture. C) The rock contains fragments of other rocks. D) The rock shows distorted and stretched pebbles. 78. A fine-grained igneous rock composed mostly of plagioclase feldspar and hornblende and containing no quartz or pyroxene would be classified as A) granite B) andesite C) peridotite D) scoria 79. Which characteristic provides the best evidence about the environment in which a rock was formed? A) the color of the rock B) the size of the rock C) the texture of the rock D) the thickness of the rock

80. In which set are the rock drawings labeled with their correct rock types? A) B) C) D) 81. The geologic cross section below shows limestone that was intruded.

A) density B) porosity C) permeability D) number of fossils present 85. Which process most likely formed a layer of the sedimentary rock, gypsum?

Which graph best shows the relationship between the size of the crystals in an igneous rock and the length of time it has taken the rock to solidify? A) B) C) D) 87.

Which statement about the formation of a rock is best supported by the rock cycle? A) Magma must be weathered before it can change to metamorphic rock.

15 80. In which set are the rock drawings labeled with their correct rock types? A) B) C) D) 81. The geologic cross section below shows limestone that was intruded. Part of the limestone (zone A) was heated intensely but was not melted. 84. Which characteristic of rocks tends to increase as the rocks are metamorphosed? A) density B) porosity C) permeability D) number of fossils present 85. Which process most likely formed a layer of the sedimentary rock, gypsum? A) precipitation from seawater B) solidification of magma C) folding of clay-sized particles D) melting of sand-sized particles 86. Which graph best shows the relationship between the size of the crystals in an igneous rock and the length of time it has taken the rock to solidify? A) B) C) D) 87. The diagram below represents the fossils found in a bedrock formation located in central Rhode Island. Which type of rock most likely formed in zone A? A) gneiss B) slate C) marble D) obsidian 82. Which statement about the formation of a rock is best supported by the rock cycle? A) Magma must be weathered before it can change to metamorphic rock. B) Sediment must be compacted and cemented before it can change to sedimentary rock. C) Sedimentary rock must melt before it can change to metamorphic rock. D) Metamorphic rock must melt before it can change to sedimentary rock. 83. Where are the Earth's sedimentary rocks generally found? A) in regions of recent volcanic activity B) deep within the Earth's crust C) along the mid-ocean ridges D) as a thin layer covering much of the continents In which type of rock were the fossils most likely found? A) sedimentary rock that formed in an ocean environment B) sedimentary rock that formed in a land environment C) igneous rock that formed in an ocean environment D) igneous rock that formed in a land environment

16 Base your answers to questions 88 through 90 on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in Moh s Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest). 88. Part of a gemstone s value is based on the way the gemstone shines in reflected light. The way a mineral reflects light is described as the mineral s A) fracture B) hardness C) luster D) streak 89. The hardness and density of each gemstone is based primarily on the gemstone s A) internal arrangement of atoms B) geologic time of formation C) oxygen content D) natural abundance 90. Sapphire is a gemstone variety of which mineral on Moh s scale of hardness? A) corundum B) diamond C) fluorite D) topaz 91. The diagram below shows four rock samples. Which sample best shows the physical properties normally associated with regional metamorphism? A) A B) B C) C D) D 92. Which igneous rock is dark colored, cooled rapidly on Earth's surface, and is composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar, olivine, and pyroxene? A) obsidian B) rhyolite C) gabbro D) scoria 93. Which rock is only formed by regional metamorphism? A) slate B) hornfels C) dunite D) marble

17 94. The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite. An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral s A) age of formation B) infiltration rate C) physical properties D) temperature of formation 95. The graph below shows the relationship between the cooling time of magma and the size of the crystals produced. Which graph correctly shows the relative positions of the igneous rocks granite, rhyolite, and pumice? A) B) C) D)

96. The table below indicates the presence of various minerals in different rock samples. Which statement is an accurate conclusion based on the information provided in the table?

18 96. The table below indicates the presence of various minerals in different rock samples. Which statement is an accurate conclusion based on the information provided in the table? A) Most rocks are monomineralic. B) All rocks are polymineralic. C) Many rocks have a number of minerals in common. D) Only igneous rocks contain quartz. 97. Which statement about the formation of a rock is best supported by geologic evidence? A) Magma must be weathered before it can change to metamorphic rock. B) Sediment must be compacted and cemented before it can change to sedimentary rock. C) Sedimentary rock must melt before it can change to metamorphic rock. D) Metamorphic rock must melt before it can change to sedimentary rock. 98. Biotite mica and muscovite mica have different chemical compositions. Compared to the magma from which biotite mica forms, the magma from which muscovite mica forms is usually A) more mafic and less dense B) more mafic and more dense C) more felsic and less dense D) more felsic and more dense 99. The diagram below shows the mineral composition of an igneous rock drawn actual size. This igneous rock is A) gabbro B) granite C) basalt D) rhyolite

19 100. The diagram below represents geological processes that act continuously on Earth to form different rock types. Which table correctly classifies each rock type? A) B) C) D)

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Page 1. Name: Name: 1) What is the approximate density of a mineral with a mass of 262.2 grams that displaces 46 cubic centimeters of water? A) 6.1 g/cm 3 C) 1.8 g/cm 3 B) 5.7 g/cm 3 D) 12.2 g/cm 3 2) In which two Earth