Aquifer Mapping and Characterization in southern Ontario:
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1 OGS-GSC Open House, Guelph March10 th, 2016 Aquifer Mapping and Characterization in southern Ontario: A Collaborative OGS GSC project Hazen A.J. Russell & Andy F. Bajc
2 Where to Find us! Workshop presentation and program will be available on GIN Groundwater Information Network Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 2
3 Collaboration Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Ontario Geological Survey Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 3
4 Government Structure Canada Federal Provincial Natural Resources Environment Agriculture Provincial Agencies Earth Science Regional Municipalities Geological Survey Conservation Authorities Canadian Centre for Earth Mapping and Observation Canadian Centre Remote Sensing 4
5 Standing Senate Committee Fourth Interim Report of the Standing Senate Committee on Energy, the Environment and Natural Resources, "Water in the West: Under Pressure" November This Senate report made substantial recommendations to government. Recommendation 1: The Government of Canada should take the necessary steps to ensure that all of Canada s major aquifers are mapped by This data should be made available in the national groundwater database and supported by a summary document assessing the risks to groundwater quality and quantity. Canada s Natural Resources Now and 5 for the Future
6 Key Canadian Aquifer Studies N = 11 6 Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future
7 Study Area Grand Credit Source Water Protection 10 years 250 million Conservation Watershed based Upper Thames Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 7
8 Framing Documents / Agencies Interprovincial Geoscience Accord Ontario Geological Survey IJC (Great Lakes water quality) Ontario / Canada Agreement Contribution of groundwater surface water Clean Water Act Source Water Protection Place to Grow Act 8 Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future
9 Issues: Southern Ontario Drought Growth Source Protection Sustainable Water Supply Multiple Land Use Great Lakes Water Quality Ecological Function 9 Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future
10 High Level Framework 1. Framework for Sustainable Groundwater Use 2. Supporting Great Lakes water accord 3. Methods Development for regional groundwater studies 4. Case Studies 5. Science & Technology Exchange Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 10
11 Aquifer Studies: Methodologies / Workflows Basin Analysis Data collection to understand the geological history of the basin Predictive Framework Requires high quality data Baseflow Low-flow Sediment coding Sharpe et al Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future
12 Project 1. Framework for Sustainable Groundwater Use 1. How is data managed over the long term? 2. Supporting Great Lakes water accord 2. Baseline data to understand groundwater flow, quality, etc. 3. Methods 1. Stratigraphic Development database etc. for regional groundwater 2. Attribute datasets to framework studies 3. Geological Framework 3D model for: 1. sediment 2. Bedrock 4. Case Studies 4. Portal for data access 5. Science & Technology Exchange Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 12
13 Geological 3D Model Bedrock Highlights value of a Southern Ontario Framework for Storage of data Classification of data Accessibility to data Delivery of data Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 13
14 How is data managed over the long term? Workshop November 24 th Data management and dissemination 2. Stakeholder access to data and model results 3. Regional groundwater model platform for southern Ontario and Great Lakes basin Outcome White paper Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 14
15 How is data managed over the long term? Provincial MOECC, MNRF, OGS, OMFRA, MMAH Conservation Ontario, GRCA and CAMC Association Municipalities of Ontario Academia Federal (GSC, AAFC, ECCC) Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 15
16 How is data managed over the long term - progress Low Water Response Network Groundwater Information Network Enhanced OGS Data serving Enabling OGS borehole data Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 16
17 Geological 3D Model Surficial Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 17
18 Project Supporting Framework Great for Sustainable Lakes Water Groundwater Quality Accord Use Classification of surface water/groundwater interaction 2. Supporting Great Lakes Water Quality Accord Studies to map out discharge and base flow Initiated winter Methods Universities Development Waterloo for and regional Western groundwater Ontario studies Literature review Proof of concept Piggyback on MOECC funding for Lake Simcoe 4. Case and Studies GRCA Grand River work 5. Science & Technology Exchange Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 18
19 Project Framework Methods Development for Sustainable for Regional Groundwater Groundwater Use Studies component Supporting seismic Great Lakes aquisation water and accord processing 2. Passive Seismic 3. Down-hole geophysics methods Petrophysics Methods Development studies - aquitards for Regional Groundwater 5. pxrf Studies geochemistry - chemostratigraphy 6. Soil Moisture Radar Studies 7. RadarSat Inferometry 4. Case Studies 5. Science & Technology Exchange Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 19
20 3-Component Seismic Source: Minvib I, vibrating in-line horizontally. 6 m shot spacing, up to 6 km of profile per day Production : 6 km per day Source: Microvibe Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 20
21 Passive Seismic Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 21
22 Downhole Geophysics Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 22
23 Downhole Geophysics (65 BH s)
24 Aquitard Petrophysical Studies Petrophysical Studies Geochemistry Mineralogy Grain shape and packing Porosity Permeability (?) Connect to K Phase Frac*on (%) Quartz K feldspar Plagioclase 5.88 Clinopyroxene 2.47 Dolomite (dolostone) 1.51 Calcite (limestone) Kyanite 0.04 Groundmass & Cement UnidenJfied 4.63 Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 24
25 pxrf Chemostratigraphy 1. Strata characterization, baseline dataset 2. Data on glacial process and sediment provenance. 3. Cost effective. OGS collaboration / University of Guelph Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 25
26 pxrf Chemostratigraphy GTA pilot OGS- Borehole transects boreholes 2000 samples Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 26
27 Mapping/modelling water and waterrelated data layers at various scales Data Layers: Land Surface Evapotranspiration (ET) and Lake Evaporation Soil Moisture and Freeze/Thaw Surface Runoff Groundwater Recharge Water Storage Water Budget Surface Water Body Landcover and Leaf Area Index Surface Deformation Spatial Scales: Local Watershed/Aquifer Large Drainage Basin Canada National Temporal Scales: Depending on parameters, from hourly to 30 years Methods: Optical and microwave satellite observations EALCO model EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (mm/year) ET at various scales (Wang et al., 2013, HESS. Wang et al., 2015, J. Hydromet.) Apr Sep Total water storage (mm H 2 O) (Wang et al., 2015, J. Hydro. Wang and Li, 2016, Can J Rem Sen.)
28 Stochastic Hydrostratigraphic Characterisation and Uncertainty Ph.D thesis: Nicolas Benoit, Polytechnique Montreal, General objective: Develop a stochastic approach that adequately characterizes the effect of hydrostratigraphic heterogeneity uncertainty on groundwater flow. Specific objectives: Improve hydrofacies geostatistical simulations Develop a regionalization approach for hydraulic conductivity tensor including the connectivity concept (extreme values). Provide an approach for uncertainty assessment associated with the effects of hydrostratigraphic heterogeneity on the regional groundwater flow.
29 Hydrogeophysics Under development Increased parameter extraction from geophysics data Seismic reflection Electircal methods Downhole geophysics Insitu hydraulic testing Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 29
30 Project Case Framework Studies for Sustainable Groundwater Use Regional Geochemistry 2. Supporting Great Lakes water accord Data Collection Wasaga and Niagara Study areas OGS Analysis with Collaborators 3. Methods Laurentian Development Valley (OGS) for regional groundwater studies Yonge St Aquifer (CAMC) Paris Moraine 4. Case Studies 5. Science & Technology Exchange Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 30
31 Southern Ontario Geochemical Survey XRF Wt % in Till N=300 direct link between sediment chemistry and Paleozoic bedrock Higher values in limestone terrain south of Shield
32 GTA-ORM Geochemical Survey Soil-sediment geochemical survey (1994, 1995) paired A / C soil horizon samples (682) regional landscape geochemistry (~1 site /30 km 2 ) nested sample design: site, target-cell, lab duplicates; reference standards linked till samples (~340) analyzed elements (33) (INAA, AAS, ICP-MS; XRF)
33 Seismic Acquisition with OGS Niagara Wasaga Beach Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 33
34 Seismic Acquisition with OGS Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 34
35 Project Science Framework & Technology for Sustainable Exchange Groundwater Use CJES special volume 2. Supporting Submissions Great inprogress Lakes water accord Workshops and information transfer 3. Methods November Development 24 th, March for 10th regional groundwater Field studies Trips GAC 2017, Kingston (GSC 175 th anniversary) Summary of Fieldwork articles 4. Case OGS Studies Groundwater Information Network 5. Science & Technology Exchange Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 35
36 Summary Pan Southern Ontario Project Advance methods for regional hydrogeology Develop an integrated regional groundwater data framework Framework for Sustainable Groundwater Management E.g., Climate Change, Cumulative Effects 36 Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future
37 Where to Find us! Canada s Natural Resources Now and for the Future 37
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