Agenda. Introduction Exercise 1 Map Types. Part 1 ArcGIS Information and Organization Part 2 Purpose, Audience & Constraints.

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Franklin Hudson
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1 Agenda Introduction Exercise 1 Map Types Part 1 ArcGIS Information and Organization Part 2 Purpose, Audience & Constraints Exercise 2 Map Critique Break Part 3 Basic Cartographic Design Principles Part 4 Map Compilation Part 5 Symbolization Exercise 3 Map Design

2 Map Making with ArcGIS Part 4 Map Compilation

3 Map Elements Frame line Neat line Mapped area Inset Title, subtitle Legend Legend title Scale Orientation Data source Author s s name Text blocks Other graphics Map series

4 Frame Line and Neat Line Mapped Area Edge of page Frame line Neat line

5 Inset Purpose multiple vantage points when to use these closed vs. non-closed forms detail Substantive design clear graphic distinction amount of detail to show scale and orientation relate content to theme of layout, not just map Layout Size Placement

10 Page Titles and Legend Titles Page titles clear, to the point -- informative, but not wordy not Map of, Distribution of Legend titles further explain map content part of page title can go here explain equations used to derive values explain terminology usually not Legend, Key

14 Legend Simple to complex examples Explain symbology exactly as it looks on the map (size, orientation, color, etc.) Simple outlines, or relate to feature type 3:5 ratio rule for legend area, legend boxes

15 Grouping legend items Grouped by feature type (point, line, polygon) Grouped by theme (hydrography, fire, hiking, land cover) Grouped by function (natural, anthropogenic) Spring ½ Spring ½ Spring ½ " " º Well m " ` " fi fl Fire Tower Picnic area Campground Backcountry campsite (permit required) º Well Ephemeral Stream Intermittent Stream Perennial Stream Swamp Glacier Ephemeral Stream Intermittent Stream Perennial Stream Swamp Glacier Sand Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail (PCT) Other hiking trail Ephemeral Stream Intermittent Stream Perennial Stream Fire Break Line Swamp m " ` fi fl Fire Tower Fire Break Line Picnic area Campground Backcountry campsite (permit required) Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail (PCT) º m " ` fi fl Well Fire Tower Picnic area Campground Backcountry campsite (permit required) Glacier Other hiking trail Fire Break Line Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail (PCT) Sand Sand Other hiking trail Tailings Tailings Tailings

16 Legend or no legend?

19 Map Scale Representative Fraction Scale Bar Verbal Scale Graticule

20 Representative fraction A fraction or ratio between units on the map and units on the earth s s surface Format 1:1,000,000 or 1 / 1,000,000 Units in the numerator and denominator must be the same

21 Verbal Statement Statement of a meaningful map distance in relation to a meaningful earth distance 1:1,000,000 would be one millimeter equals one kilometer a more common usage -- one inch to a mile

22 Graphic or Bar Scale a line subdivided like a ruler to show the lengths of earth distance units on the map Kilometers 100 Miles Kilometers

24 Scale Importance of scale varies with the map Scale is usually more important than orientation particularly large scale maps, non-closed forms Placement near map, near other elements (north arrow) Use appropriate units metric (meters, kilometers), English (feet, miles) Use multiple scale bars, or use multiple formats scale bar, RF, verbal scale Use round numbers, use multiples of 5, if possible Use to promote balance (anchoring element) Use to promote affective design usually keep it simple

26 Orientation Importance of orientation varies with the map Formats north arrow graticule familiar outline other (locator map) Orientation (usually a north arrow) is sometimes not necessary Orientation is definitely necessary if north is not up,, or showing magnetic north Use graticule for small scale maps Placement near map, near other elements (scale bar) Often more difficult to deal with because of orientation Use to promote affective design usually keep it simple

29 Data Source Where the thematic data were obtained Their currency Small type

30 Author Even smaller type!

31 Text blocks Can explain the content of the entire layout, not just the map and Map elements Not too much To wrap or not to wrap? Justification -- left, right, or both Placement, grouping Use to promote visual balance Use to promote affective design

33 Other Graphics Formats graphs, tables, charts, images, photos, logos, cartoons, flow charts, conceptual diagrams, etc. Relate them to the overall message Different windows into the data than the map Use to promote visual balance Consider placement and grouping Use same affective design

35 Map series or related displays use same affective design if small multiples, use same format sometime effective to use multiple formats

The details represented in the map depends mostly on the scale at which the map is designed.

The details represented in the map depends mostly on the scale at which the map is designed. Measurement IN GIS A map is a visual representation of an area a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as objects, region, themes. The details represented in