CHAPTER III UTILITY SERVICES IN PCMC AREA. 3.1 Introduction. 3.3 Land Utility Services. 3.4 General Utility Services in PCMC. 3.6 Educational Services

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1 CHAPTER III UTILITY SERVICES IN PCMC AREA 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Utility services and Urban Land Use Changes 3.3 Land Utility Services 3.4 General Utility Services in PCMC 3.5 Classification of Utilities Services 3.6 Educational Services 3.7 Transport Services 3.8 Industrial services 3.9 Conclusion 32

2 CHAPTER III UTILITY SERVICES IN PCMC AREA 3.1 Introduction With a large concentration of people in limited space, it has become necessary to utilize the subsurface for locating a growing number of services in urban environment. The magnitude of urban growth in developing countries in the last century, particularly after 1950, has been unprecedently very high. Not only Increasing levels of urbanization are reason by natural growth of the urban population and migration of the rural population towards cities. Over the past half century, a great rural-to-urban population move has occurred and the process of urbanization (the focus of people and activities into areas classified as urban) is set to continue well into the 21st century. Driving forces includes the opportunities and services offered in urban areas especially jobs and education. Utilities represent an important part of the urban infrastructure. According to Geddes Rick (1999), the term public utility encompasses a wide range of variety of industries including, among others, airlines, telecommunications, oil, natural gas, electricity, trucking, cable television and railroads. These industries share a common network structure, in that they have an extensive distribution system of lines, pipes, or routes requiring the use of public rights of way, often with strong physical linkages between component parts. In some cases, such as airlines, government owns a part of the communications. Public utilities typically have substantial sunk costs because of the need for extensive infrastructure. Historically, utilities, where privately owned, have been rate-of-return regulated. Utilities are government-owned in some jurisdictions. In almost all cases, utilities have been granted legally enforced monopolies over their service territories. Human service organizations ultimately aim at evaluating, producing or delivering some type of goods or services to people in the community (Chisholm, 1995). Allocating human service resources to needy communities and populations in rapid 33

3 changing multi-cultural urban areas is becoming a major challenge for both public and private sector human service organizations. In order to achieve this objective of effective production and distribution of goods and services, it is necessary to have a detailed picture of the target population and access to suitable and timely demographic and socioeconomic data pertaining to that population. With this information, public and private sector human service organizations can make decisions in the best interests of the citizens/communities they serve. A utility service in the PCMC area is one of the examples of how kaleidoscope of utility services has changed over the period of time. In the present chapter utility services are shown with the help of the database management systems by using GIS. The collection of data, usually referred to as the database contains information about a particular event or enterprise. A database is a collection of data, typically describing the features and activities of one or more related events and organizations. A database management system (DBMS) consists of a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access that data. The primary goal of a DBMS is to provide an environment i.e. both convenient and efficient to use in retrieving and storing database information. 3.2 Utility Services and Urban Land Use Changes The development of socio-economic infrastructure and urban utility facilities shows the quality of life of the people of a particular area. The availability of all socioeconomic infrastructures is solely not meant for the development until and unless it is adequately available corresponding to the population size and extent of area. Utility services are essential for fulfil the human needs. Therefore in urban areas which are more developed, there these services are available on large scale. If these services are more, then the population residing over their lives a very luxurious life. But these services occupy more land area which is already covered by another use. Such as, the land which has already covered by agriculture or forest purpose then this land has used for utility services like hospitals, schools colleges, transport etc. consequently, agricultural or forest land has decreased day by day which is detrimental for the environment. In India, rural to urban migration is very high. Therefore urban population increasing continuously which results into there are fast increase in urban utility services. 34

4 3.3 Land Utility Services Geography plays a major role in the development of a economy of the nation.. Economic geography, a subset of human geography, is based on the study of a country s resources, climate, politics, physical geography and population, as they relate to a country's economy. Many factors are supportive in the development of any region. The physical factor is the most important of all. Development in many countries, states and cities is due to physical factors there. With favorable physical factors development is certain. The ground surface, climate, rivers, land, soil, plants etc. comprise the physical factors. If you observe the world and its countries in terms of these geographic factors and the compounded effect of more than one of the above factors acting together, it's easy to see how and why some countries have prospered and others have not. Mostly people like develop region because of this region provide many facility and many services. Every regions development depends upon the resources available in the region and due to available of the resources the pull of population is accreted to such a region. Hence this response to the utility formed in the region creates divorce possibility of urbanization by means of migration. Many cities are developing because of their geographical conditions. The physical factors in the region under study are suitable for residential, industrial and agricultural purpose; hence the development. Since the region consists of geographically plane land, wide network of transport services is also observed. The industrial development in the region is due to availability of vast land. Agriculture has also developed due to rivers. Owing to these factors, masses got attracted to this region leading to development of PCMC area. Utility services can also be affected by various socio- economic factors, like social group, economic structure, cultural or ethnic group and tradition of society. The above factors plays vital role and therefore utility services affected in various wards in PCMC according to various stages for example low income group strata educates their children in Marathi medium corporation school and they also use PCMC medical facilities for example population in slum region of Akurdi, Pimpri and Pimpri- Waghere. In addition to the above factors, the location of study region also contributes to the development. Since Pimpri-Chinchwad area is closer to Pune city, it is in demand due to many functional reasons. The transport facilities have apparently brought PCMC area 35

5 closer to Pune; therefore many people have settled in PCMC area. As the population grows up, the demand for requirement rises and to fulfill the same various essential and important facilities are provided. 3.4 General Utility Services in PCMC All major utility services have been shown in table. no. 3.1 as well as shown with graphically in fig. no.3.1 some utility services as like density of roads,industries, shops, schools, garden and other (vegetable market, fish market, octrai post, banks etc.) are seen on large scale. TABLE NO. 3.1: GENERAL UTILITY SERVICES IN PCMC Utility Services Utility (%) Ambulance 1.11 Blood Bank 1.85 Eye Bank 0.46 Fire Brigade 0.93 Hospitals 2.59 Police 1.94 Electricity 0.65 Hotels 1.02 Schools Cemetery 2.22 Sports Ground 1.85 Garden Water Tank 3.24 Colleges 5.37 Industries Shops Density of roads Other

6 FIG. NO.: 3.1 GENERAL UTILITY SERVICES IN PCMC Utility (in %) Utility Services in PCMC Utilities Utility Services 3.5 Classification of Utilities Services Various facilities are created for the purpose of fulfilling human demands. Requirements differ from person to person; although the basic needs remain the same, physical needs may differ. Bases on the financial status, various materialistic needs occur that leads to variety in demand. Consequently, demands in services, facilities differ. These can be classified as under emergency services, health services, general services, educational services, industrial services, transport services etc. Besides the classification can include management of solid waste, facility for water, availability of electricity, pipe lines etc. i) Emergency Services - The services available immediately like fire brigade, police fall in this category. ii) Health Services- It includes the services related to health like hospitals, their specialties, emergency help, ambulance service, blood bank, eye bank etc. iii) General Services These include banks, post offices, hotels, malls, cinema halls, theatres, shops, market places, etc. 37

7 iv) Educational Services Various educational institutes, schools, collages, hostels etc. related to the stream or branch. v) Transport Services These include modes of transport, availability of vehicles, demand of transport, frequency and rout of vehicles, density of road network etc. The types of transport could be- rail, air, water transport vi) Industrial Services These services consist of like chemical, automobile, pharmaceutical, fabrication engineering etc. their numbers and location of industries. All the above facilities are observed in the region under study. Out of these, three main facilities like educational services, transport services and industrial services have been considered in this chapter as these have affected the land use. These three services have been selected because education is one of the basic need of human being as well as industrial services provides employment opportunities to people and transport becomes essential need for society as well as industries. Consequently residential area increases because people prefers to live such areas which having these three services. The region under study consists of four administrative wards/ prabhag namely A, B, C & D. Each administrative ward comprises of general wards. Above facilities have been shown according to the administrative wards of PCMC. There are 16 wards each in A, B, C, &D thus in all there are64 wards in the study region. The educational, transport and industrial services have been considered mainly according to the administrative wards A, B, C, & D. 3.6 Educational Services Pune is well known as a educational hub in Maharashtra as well as in India. Since PCMC is closer to Pune, influence of education is observed in the study region. PCMC has got the best educational facilities right from nursery to higher education. It consists of schools colleges and other institutes. Schools in PCMC area impart education in various media (like English, Marathi etc.) and colleges offer education in various streams like Arts, Commerce and Science (ACS), Engineering, Medical, Law, Pharmacy, BBA, BCS, B.Ed. etc. Educational services that are considered in the PCMC area consist of many schools and colleges. Table 3.2 indicates the number of primary schools in administrative 38

8 wards, whereas Table No. 3,2 indicates number of primary schools as per teaching media and figure 3.2 shows distribution according to medium. TABLE No. 3.2: TOTAL NUMBERS OF PRIMARY SCHOOLSS IN PCMC Sr. No Administrative Ward Total Source: PCMC Shikshan Mandal Table 3.2 indicates that administrative ward A that has 31.22% primary schools; ward B has 16.40%, ward C has 24.87% and ward D has 27.51% schools. Thus out of a total 189 primary schools maximum numbers of schools are in administrative ward A and the least number of schools in ward B. No. of Schools % of Schools A B C D TABLE NO. 3.3: MEDIUM WISE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN PCMC Sr. Administrative No. Ward Marathi English 1 A B C D Total Source: PCMC Shikshan Mandal Urdu FIG. NO. 3.2: MEDIUM WISE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN PCMC Number of Schools MEDIUM WISE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN PCMC A B C D Administrative Wards Marathi English Urdu 39

9 Table no. 3.3 shows the number of primary schools as per teaching medium like Marathi, English and Urdu. Administrative ward A has 91.52% of Marathi medium primary schools, 7 % of English medium and 2 % of Urdu medium schools. Administrative ward B has 90 % of Marathi medium, 6% of English medium and 3 % Urdu medium schools. Administrative ward C has 79% Marathi, 15% English and 6% of Urdu medium schools whereas; ward D has 86% of Marathi and 14% of English medium schools. The above statistics shows that ward A has maximum number of Marathi medium schools and wards C and D have more English medium schools. Ward D has not any Urdu medium school. TABLE No. 3.4: TOTAL NUMBER OF UG, PG COLLEGES IN PCMC Administrative % of Sr. No. No. of Colleges Ward Colleges 1 A B C D Total Source: PCMC Table no. 3.4 indicates total number of undergraduate and postgraduate colleges in PCMC area which is 58. Out of these ward A and B consist of 24 % colleges each. Ward C has 18% and ward D has maximum i.e. 33 % colleges. 40

10 TABLE NO. 3..5: BRANCH WISE UG, PG COLLEGES IN PCMC Sr. Administrative No. Wards 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 D Total Arts, comm. College of & sci., BBA, Education BCA, BSC Law Pharmacy Engineering FIG. NO. 3.3: BRANCH WISE UG, PG COLLAGES IN PCMC BRANCH WISE UG, PG COLLEGES IN PCMC 22% Arts, comm. & sci. BBA BCA BSC College of Education 0% 7% 7% 64% Law Pharmacy Engineering Table no. 3.5 consists of a number of colleges according to streams. Ward A has nine colleges for Arts, Science, and Commerce as well as for BBA and BCA, one college each for B.Ed. and M.Ed.. and Pharmacy and three engineering colleges i.e. in all fourteen colleges. Administrative ward B has ten colleges for Arts, Science, Commerce as well as BBA and BCA. It has four colleges for B.Ed., M.Ed. i.e. in all fourteen colleges. Ward C has eight colleges for Arts, Science, Commerce, BBA and BCA, one engineering college i.e. in all eleven colleges. Administrative ward D has eleven colleges for Arts, 41

11 Science, Commerce, BBA and BCA, four colleges for B.Ed., M.Ed. one law college, one engineering college and three pharmacy colleges i.e. in all nineteen colleges. Thus ward D has maximum number of colleges. This statistics shows that more number of schools and colleges are in ward A and D. the reason could be the location and various facilities available as ward A consists of main places like Nigadi, Akurdi, Bhakti-Shakti, Dattawadi, Kalbhor Nagar etc. have good transport system like roads and rail to support large population. Administrative ward B has less number of schools but number of colleges as compared to other wards. Ward C has number of schools but less number of colleges. Wards A and D have maximum number of schools and colleges because of the location, population and facilities for transport (along NH-4) are available. In addition to these, Talawade IT Park and Hinjewadi IT park are closer to ward, A and ward D which has affected Education services. Besides, more built up area is found in these wards. In addition to this, important areas like Sangavi, Pimple Gurav, Kasarwadi, Wakad, Nigadi, Akurdi fall in this region. Due to the availability of facilities, people find the area more convenient hence more the built up the area to include residential as well as educational one. The PCMC area has also management institutions and vocational guidance institutes. Database of educational services has been shown in fig. no. 3.4 (a),3.4(b), with the help of this database we are able to find nearest location of any school or college as well as we can find which are the english, marathi, hindi and urdu medium schools, coeducation( Co-ed) schools, Girls school and boys schools. Beside this we are able to find location of Arts, Commerce and Science (ACS), College, BBA and BCA college, college of education (B.Ed, M.Ed ), law college, engineering college and pharmacy colleges. 42

12 FIG. NO. 3.4 (a): QUERIES FOR EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION 43

13 FIG. NO. 3.4 (b): QUERIES FOR EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION 44

14 3.7 Transport Services Transport services play a major role in the development of any region. Pimpri Chinchwad is one of the most vibrant industrial and urban settlements in Maharashtra. Its developed industrial sector, proximity to Pune and the growing IT sector draws a large group of people and businesses to settle in the city, temporarily or permanently. This creates a growing demand for urban infrastructure, especially for urban transport infrastructure and public transport. Transport facilities have accelerated the pace in the development in PCMC area that has a large number of industries and companies. It has stepped up demand for transport. The area under study has roads, rail for the purpose of transport, out of which roads and rail are more in use. The area has five railway stations namely, Akurdi, Chinchwad, Pimpri, Kasarwadi and Dapodi. Rail traffic is mainly for passengers and goods. Roads too are extensively used for transport. The roads available for intra PCMC area and going outside are as follows i) NH-4 (National Highway no. 4) It passes through the central PCMC area with approximately a length of 12.5 km. This road links Mumbai and Pune. ii) A road of 7.2 km length connects Mumbai-Pune highway via Aundh. iii) On the west of PCMC area, Pune Nasik state highway no.50 is available. iv) A part of national highway no. 50 measuring 11.5 km is located east of Pune-Nasik road. The roads available for internal transportation are as follows a) Old Mumbai-Pune road, Pune-Bhosari-Nasik road, road adjacent to Nigdi gaothan Areas adjoining these roads are useful for residential colonies. b) Forty-five meter wide spine road of 2.1 km is available extending from Nigdi Octrai post to Chinchwad railway line. This area falls under Nigadi authority and is useful for residential colonies. c) The twenty-four meter wide Tilak road connects Mumbai-Pune road in the east and Akurdi railway station in the west. 45

15 d) Chinchwad gaothan and Chinchwad are connected by a road over railway over bridge residents from Chinchwad gaothan, Chinchwad station and MIDC use This road. e) The link road connecting Chinchwad gaothan and Pimpri camp is an important road. f) The road towards south from the Mumbai-Pune road goes to Pimpri town and the road towards north from Mumbai-Pune road crosses Morwadi to reach MIDC area. This road is very useful for people residing in Pimpri and Pimpri camp to go to MIDC area. g) A road from Landewadi connects Pun-Nasik highway near Atlas factory. It is useful for residents of Bhosari gaothan, Bhosari hospital, Pimpri-Chinchwad vehicle department, bus stop, vegetable market area. h) Part of Mumbai-Pune road near Industrial Oxygen Co. passes through Nehru Nagar, which is in the northern part of area under study. FIG. NO. 3.5 TRANSPORTATION MAP 46

16 Road Density in PCMC: Road density is measure of accessibility and it is an essential indication of urbanization. Areas that are highly accessible are those with high percentage of road density. For urban growth, it is important to provide adequate road density that will sustain continued growth. Since road density is also important parameter which decides the urban growth and as well as land use changes. Besides these, roads like Aundh road, Telco Road, Tathawade road, are in the core part of area therefore; the development in PCMC area is rapid. Sr. No. TABLE NO. 3. 6: DENSITY OF ROAD S IN PCMC Administrative Wards Area in sq.km. Road s length in km. Road Density (Length of road in km/sq.km) 1 A B C D Total Table 3.6 indicates lengths of roads and density of their network in the administrative wards of PCMC area. Maximum density of roads in administrative ward A. It is per sq.km. Length of roads in ward B is km and density is 5.14 sq.km. Ward C has km of road and the density is Ward D has roads km long, their density being The density of population is maximum in administrative ward A, followed by ward D due to large built up area. NH-4 passes through this area and the number of roads meeting it is large. More so, the administrative ward D is closer to Pune. Important areas like Sangvi, Pimple Saudagar fall in these wards and network of roads is dense due to markets, IT parks, industries, and commercial activities. Administrative ward A consists of Nigdi, Akurdi, Dattawadi, Chikhali, Talawade, Akurdi station, Talawade road, Dehu-Alandi road, NH-4 etc. with roads crossing one another. In addition to these, Talawade IT Park is closer in north of ward, 47

17 A which has affected transportation. The road length is more due to vast residential areas. Administrative wards B and C consist of road length km. and km. respectively. These wards also have residential areas, industrial areas, MIDC zone, commercial zone etc. The areas like Morwadi, Masulkar colony, Bhosari, Dighi, tathawade, Chinchwad, Kasarwadi have less road density in spite of being important areas. Probably, because of the density per sq.km.area in wards B and C is less as compared to wards; A and D. From the above illustration, it can be concluded that roads are of paramount importance in transportation. Changes in land use have an impact of transportation. As the residential colonies come up, the roads for transportation are developed. Over a period of time, many important works take place in the area and development gains momentum. A similar kind of development can be observed in PCMC area as well. In the Present study classification of roads have been done on the basis of roads types, on the basis of following point: 1. national highway, 2. Major roads which is included Pimpri Bhosari road, Alandi road, Dighi road, MIDC road etc. 3. Minor roads which is included Sanjay Gandhi Nagar road, Telco road etc. For the purpose of PCMC analysis of development, all important road have been taken from the transportation network map prepared using RS and GIS. Fig. no. 3.6 (a), 3.6 (b). 3.6(c) and fig. no. 3.6 (d) shows road buffer zone. Buffer zone of 50 meter, 100 meter and 500 meter on either side of these roads have been generated. The area lying between 50 meter and 100 meter distances on both side of the road network is rank high for development and consequently the area lying 500 meter is rank low development. 48

18 FIG. NO. 3.6 (a) PCMC MAJOR ROAD BUFFER-50 METRE 49

19 FIG. NO. 3.6 (b) PCMC MAJOR ROAD BUFFER-100 METRE 50

20 FIG. NO. 3.6 (c) PCMC MAJOR ROAD BUFFER-500 METRE 51

21 FIG. NO. 3.6 (d) PCMC MAJOR ROADS MULTIPLE BUFFER 3.8 Industrial Services There is a remarkable change in economic change development due to industrial revolution. Rapid development is observed in these areas where centralization of industries has taken place. Industrialization has played a major role in the development of PCMC area. The big plant of Hindustan Antibiotics was commissioned in this area in MIDC erected the first industrial area around TELCO in It gave boost to the small-scale industries, which provided opportunity for employment to skilled and unskilled workers as well. This led to tremendous increase in population in PCMC area; as people from nooks and corners of Maharashtra and also from other states came here for employment subsequently settled here. 52

22 The industrial growth and expansion of PCMC is hallmark of industrial deployment in Maharashtra. The industries like Tata Motors, SKF, Bajaj Auto, Philips, Alfa Laval, Force Motors, Thermax, Hindustan Antibiotics and a number of small scale industries have flourished in this area. TABLE NO. 3. 7: NUMBER OF INDUSTRIES IN PCMC Sr. No Administrative Ward No. of Industries % of Industries A B C D Total FIG. NO. 3.7: NUMBER OF INDUSTRIES IN PCMCC NUMBER OF INDUSTRIES IN PCMC 60% 5% 22% 13% A Administrative Ward B Administrative Ward C Administrative Ward D Administrative Ward Out of the total PCMC area, the industrial area is spread over hectors i.e sq.km. There are nearly 4086 industries that consist of large, medium and small- wards in scale industries. Table 3.6 shows number of industries as per the administrative PCMC area. Ward A consists of 22.15% industries comprising of 905 industries. Ward 53

23 B has 529 industries i.e %. Ward C has 2242 industries i.e % and Ward D has 200 industries i.e. 4.89%. It shows that Administrative ward C having MIDC region shows maximum industries as compared to other wards. It is followed by ward A ; ward D has the least industries. TABLE NO. 3.8: DENSITY OF INDUSTRIES IN PCMC Sr. No. Administrative Area in No. of Density of Wards sq.km. Industries Industries 1 A B C D Total While considering the density of industries based in this area, it is observed that maximum density is in ward C having 37 industries per sq.km. Ward A has 27 industries per sq.km; whereas ward B having 12 and ward D with 7 industries per sq. km. With a large number of industries in PCMC area, people have inclination towards it as it provides employment. Industries in vast categories like engineering, food, auto, IT companies etc. provide various products and services, hence the development. Major industries in PCMC are listed in Appendix -III. Classification of industries has been done on the basis of products of that particular industry as like engineering industries, automobile industries, software industries, electronics industries, chemical industries, recycling industries, petroleum industries, mechanical and manufacturing industries. In the category of manufacturing industries includes aluminium casting, clothing, component manufacturing, fiber glass, foams, metal fabrication, valves etc. Engineering industries includes chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering etc. Automobile industries include assembly equipment, automation jobs, control systems, gas springs etc. Electronics 54

24 industries consists pumps electrics, electro plating, electric motors, electric jobs etc. A chemical industry includes chemicals, polythene paints, epoxy paints, chemical electroplating etc. Recycling industries includes waste management, water treatment, plastic molding, tyre remolding etc. A petroleum industry includes induction heat treatment, brazing etc. Mechanical industries include machine components, spare part, bearing, machine tool components etc. Software industries includes software support work, computer software development etc. The main category is manufacturing companies comprising of 39%, whereas others like- engineering industries 22%, software industries 10%, industrial equipment 9%, electronics industries 8%, petroleum industries 5%, chemical industries 4%, recycling 1% of the total industries. From the above it is observed that PCMC is an urban area having a large number of industries, hence a large area of land is utilized for this purpose. Database of industrial services has been shown in fig. no. 3.7(a), 3.7(b), 3.7 (c) with the help of this database any one can find out exact location of any industry in PCMC area by putting the name of industry within few moments. Beside this we can identify which type of industry in which ward in same time. For example if we put the type of industry i.e. chemical industry then we will get information of all chemical industries in that particular ward. 55

25 FIG.NO.3.8 (a): QUERIES FOR INDUSTRIAL INFORMATION 56

26 FIG.NO.3.8 (b): QUERIES FOR INDUSTRIAL INFORMATION 57

27 FIG.NO.3.8(c): QUERIES FOR INDUSTRIAL INFORMATION 58

28 3.9 Conclusion In the present chapter database management system for education services, transportation and industries services have been prepared with the help of GIS and this system is useful to find out some important queries. Such study can save time and money as well as help to get specific information. The services and amenities as per administrative wards in PCMC area are shown in the present chapter. The main services like education, transport and industries have been studied here. General utility services in PCMC area has been discussed and conclude that utility service as like density of roads, industries, shops, schools, garden and other services are seen on large scale. Administrative ward A has 31.22% primary schools and 24.14% colleges, which is more as compared to other wards. Density of road network is per sq.km. and industries 25 per sq.km. Ward B has less i.e. 16.4% schools and 24.14% colleges; road density is 5.14 per sq.km. and industries 12 per sq.km. Ward C has 24.87% of schools and 18.97% colleges. Density of roads is 4.07 per sq.km. and density of industries is per sq.km. Thus more land is used for industries. Administrative ward D also has higher % i.e % schools and 32.76% colleges. Density of roads is per sq.km. and industrial 7 per sq.km. From the foregoing analysis conclude that administrative ward C has maximum number of industries, ward B has less number of schools compared to wards A, C and D. It has also more number of colleges and road density than ward C. 59