MARS AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT CURRICULUM GRADE: Grade 4

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1 MARS AREA SCHOOL DISTRICT CURRICULUM GRADE: Grade 4 Course Title: Social Studies Brief Description Overview: Students will explore the history, geography, government, and economy of the United States with a particular focus on the state of Pennsylvania. Students will develop a knowledge base regarding the foundations of the United States government and its working entities. Additionally, students will deepen their understanding of the physical essence of the United States through exploration of its various regions Course Unit 1: GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES Geography affects the way people live. The five regions of the United States have varying landforms, bodies of water, and climate. These regions are based on the many different natural features and resources found throughout the land. People adapt and change the environment in many ways. Know that the United States is divided into five regions Know weather and climate vary across the region Know that each region has natural resources used to make products Know that people adapt and change the environment to meet their needs Enduring Understanding: 1. The students will understand the following: landforms, bodies of waters, climate, human adaptations, and environmental adaptations. Course Unit 2: AMERICANS AND THEIR HISTORY Europeans explored and settled the Americas. A new nation was formed and the Constitution was written by our founding fathers that still guides our nation today. The nation grew as Americans moved West though disparities over slavery led to the Civil War C. Explain the principles and ideals shaping local and state government C. Describe the roles of leadership and public service in school, community, state, and nation.

2 The United States become a World Power and continues to change and move forward in the twentyfirst century. Know that when Europeans and Native Americans met their cultures changed forever Know that the United States grew out of the English colonies and became an independent nation Know that the growing nation had deep divisions that led to the Civil War Know that the United States became one of the world s most powerful nations after the Civil War Know that the United States faces continuity and change in the twenty-first century Enduring Understanding: 1. The students will understand the events that led up to the colonization, how the United States economy grew and industrialized, the consequences of the Civil War, and the changes in the United States during the twentieth century. Course Unit 3: GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED STATES The principles of the United States government, found in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution, protect and serve all Americans. The legislative, executive, and judicial branches of our government work together to limit powers. Government levels include federal, state, and local. The federal government protects the rights and freedoms of United States citizens. Obtain an understanding of the founding principle on which our government is based A. Explain how government responds to social needs by providing public goods and services B. Describe the impact of government involvement in state and national economic activities B. Locate historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to United States history C. Explain how continuity and change in United States history have influenced personal development and identity. o Belief systems and religions o Commerce and industry o Technology o Politics and government o Physical and human geography o Social organizations D. Distinguish between conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations that impacted the history and development of the United States. o Ethnicity and race o Working conditions o Immigration o Military conflict o Economic stability B. Explain rules and laws for the classroom, school, community, and state C. Explain the principles and ideals shaping local and state government. o Liberty/Freedom o Democracy o Justice o Equality

3 Know responsibilities of the three branches of the United States government Know how citizens in a democracy have both rights and responsibilities 1. The students will understand that the United States government is a democracy in which citizens are responsible for how the government works. 2. The students will understand governments make laws, supply services, and have different structures and powers D. Identify key ideas about government found in significant documents. o Declaration of Independence o United States Constitution o Bill of Rights o Pennsylvania Constitution A. Identify the roles of the three branches of government B. Describe how the elected representative bodies function in making local and state laws C. Identify the services performed by local and state governments D. Identify positions of authority at the local, state, and national level E. Explain the voting process C. Explain how continuity and change in United States history have influenced personal development and identity. o Belief systems and religions o Commerce and industry o Technology o Politics and government o Physical and human geography o Social organizations Course Unit 4: THE NATION S ECONOMY The United States has a market economy that satisfies people s needs and wants. In a modern economy, money is traded for goods or services. Individuals make economic decisions every day as our choices are shaped by our wants and needs B. Recognize the difference between basic needs and wants. Explain the role of producers in making goods and providing services A. Explain how a product moves from production to consumption. Know that economies exist to satisfy peoples needs and wants Know that businesses supply goods and services to match demand C. Differentiate between monetary and non-monetary incentives in advertising.

4 Know that both individuals and families make economic decisions Know that global trade affects our lives D. Explain the role of buyers and sellers in determining prices of products. Enduring Understanding: 1. The students will understand how an economy includes producers and consumers, supply and demand, income and profit, trade and specialization A. Explain how government responds to social needs by providing public goods and services B. Describe the impact of government involvement in state and national economic activities B. Explain why nations trade B. Differentiate the requirements of different careers and occupations A. Describe how the availability of goods and services is made possible by the work of members of the society D. Explain how positive and negative incentives affect individual choices. Course Unit 5: REGIONS: THE NORTHEAST The Northeast region includes 11 states with several mountain ranges, rivers, and lakes. Resources include forests, soil, minerals, and water. People and places in the Northeast played an important part in the American Revolution and the writing of the Constitution. Northeastern industries grew rapidly throughout the 1800s as millions of immigrants came from Europe to have a better life. Today, cities in the Northeast are centers of commerce and culture. Know that the Northeast has mountains, a long coast, large lakes, and rivers Know that the Northeast is rich in natural resources and makes many products Know that many of the events that led to the formation of the United States took place in the Northeast

5 Know that immigrants and growing industries brought change to the Northeast Know that cities in the Northeast are centers of commerce and culture 1. The students will understand that the Northeast has unique landforms, resources, weather, and the largest population. 2. The students will understand that the Northeast was instrumental in the founding of the United States and its growth. Course Unit 6: REGIONS: THE SOUTHEAST The Southeast is shaped by two coastlines as well as by rivers. The Coastal Plain, the Piedmont, and the Appalachian Mountains are major landforms in this region. The Southeast s climate is mild, making it ideal to raise food and animals with its long growing season. The Civil War damaged the region, but it was eventually rebuilt. It is home to many fast growing cities. Know that the Southeast s geography is varied, from the Appalachian Mountains to the Gulf and Atlantic coasts Know that the Southeast s location gives the region a warm climate and varied weather Know that the Southeast is rich in natural resources Know that the Southeast has a history of crisis and rebuilding Know that the Southeast is home to cultural traditions that have influenced the nation and the world 1. The students will understand that the Southeast has unique landforms, resources, weather, and wildlife. 2. The students will understand that the Southeast was instrumental in the founding of the United States and its growth and has undergone many social and economic changes since the Civil War.

6 Course Unit 7: REGIONS: THE MIDWEST The Midwest is on the broad plains, in the center of the United States, and includes the largest lakes and rivers in the nation. Its agricultural resources make it one of the world s leading producers of farm products though it has many other natural resources such as iron, coal, and limestone. French missionaries and fur traders were the first Europeans to settle in the Midwest, followed by other pioneers. New industries and dynamic cities show that the Midwest s culture and economy continue to thrive. Know that the lives of people in the Midwest are affected by its landforms and bodies of water Know that the Midwest is one of the world s most important agricultural areas Know that the Midwest s rich farmland and other resources attracted thousands of settlers Understand how a central location made the Midwest important in the nation s transportation and trade 1. The students will understand that the Midwest s climate, landforms, bodies of water, and resources are unique. 2. The students will understand that the Midwest became a transportation center in the United States. 3. The students will understand that the Midwest s farmland and other resources attracted settlers, which led to the growth of cities and factories. Course Unit 8: REGIONS: THE SOUTHWEST Students will explore landforms in the Southwest including plains, mountains, canyons, the Gulf of Mexico, the Colorado River and the Rio Grande. The Southwest has a range of climates from humid to arid. Native Americans, Spanish explorers, and missionaries changed the region beginning in the 1500s. The Southwest today is one of the fastest

7 growing parts of the country with the availability of land and rich resources. Know about the landforms and natural resources in the Southwest Know that the climate in the Southwest ranges from dry deserts in the west to damper lands in the east Know that Native Americans and Spanish settlers have shaped the history and culture of the Southwest Know that the Southwest continued to grow as settlers from the United States moved into the region Know that people in the Southwest have limited water resources 1. The students will understand that the Southwest has unique landforms, bodies of water, resources, and wildlife. 2. The students will understand that the people of the Southwest have adapted to the region s arid and semi-arid warm climate. 3. The students will understand that the Southwest has diversity of cultures that contributed to its history, including Mexican, Native American, and Spanish cultures. 4. The students will understand that the Southwest was home to many Native American groups before explorers, missionaries, and settlers came to the region. Course Unit 9: REGIONS: THE WEST The West has many different landforms and resources. Native Americans made their homes in the West before Europeans arrived. In the 1990s, the population of the West increased as settlers came for new opportunities. Know that the land in the West is varied and sometimes reshaped by earthquakes and volcanoes Know how weather and climate vary in different parts of the West

8 Know about the different resources that are found in the West and how the region depends on them Know how growth has affected the states in the West Know about work and recreation in the West today and the challenges in its future 1. The students will understand that the West has a variety of landforms, climates, and unique resources that have shaped the way of life for people in the region. 2. The students will understand that the West was home to many Native American groups before Spanish settlers arrived. 3. The students will understand that the West has many ports and trades with countries that border the Pacific Ocean. Course Unit 10: PENNSYLVANIA TODAY Pennsylvania s geography includes the Appalachian Mountains and three river systems. Valuable natural resources support the economy. Like the government of the United States, Pennsylvania s state government is based on a constitution and has three branches. Know important physical features of Pennsylvania Know how Pennsylvania s natural resources affect its economy Know how Pennsylvania s government is organized 1. The students will understand how the climate and physical features of Pennsylvania affect the way people work and live. 2. The students will understand how the natural resources and economy of Pennsylvania help shape the way people live. 3. The students will understand how political structures help governments operate in an organized way A. Describe how common geographic tools are used to organize and interpret information about people, places, and environment B. Identify the basic physical processes that affect the physical A. Identify the human characteristics of places and regions using the following criteria: o Population o Culture o Settlement o Economic activities o Political activities B. Identify the effect of people on the physical systems within a

9 Course Unit 11: HISTORY OF PENNSYLVANIA Native Americans were the first people of Pennsylvania. William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was one of the first states to ratify the United States Constitution. Its iron and steel mills and its oil and coal industries changed the state from rural to industrial A. Identify and describe how geography and climate have influenced continuity and change over time B. Locate historical documents, artifacts, and places critical to Pennsylvania history. Know important physical features of Pennsylvania Know how Pennsylvania s natural resources affect its economy Know how Pennsylvania s government is organized 1. The students will understand that Native Americans were the first people of Pennsylvania and contributed to the state s culture and history. 2. The students will understand that because of its founding principles, Pennsylvania became a diverse and religiously tolerant colony. 3. The students will understand that Pennsylvania played an important role in the founding of the nation. 4. The students will understand that the resources of Pennsylvania led to growth and a thriving industry. 5. The students will understand that continuity and change mark the further growth of Pennsylvania as it moves into the twenty-first century C. Explain how continuity and change in Pennsylvania history have influenced personal development and identity. o Belief systems and religions o Commerce and industry o Technology o Politics and government o Physical and human geography o Social organizations

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