BOARD ANSWER PAPER : MARCH 2014

Transcription

1 Geography and Economics BOARD ANSWER PAPER : MARCH 2014 GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMICS Q.1. (A) Complete the following statements by choosing the appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets and rewrite the sentence in your answer-book. 1. Kanyakumari is the southernmost tip of the Indian peninsula. [1] 2. Bhakra-Nangal Project is built on the Satluj river. [1] 3. The Southern Ghats are named as Annamalai. [1] (B) Match the items in Column A with those in Column B 1. K-2 - d. Second highest peak of the world [1] 2. Mansarovar - c. Source of river Indus [1] 3. The Karakoram - b. Heavily glaciated [1] Q.2. (A) Give geographical reasons for the following statements (any two): 1. i. In Rajasthan, agriculture is not a dependable proposition. This region has rainfall less than 250 mm and very hot summer with temperature rising upto 50 C. ii. Animal husbandry is the most viable model for arid, drought-prone regions. Vast areas in the desert are unfit for cultivation but have pastures. iii. The major cattle population of Rajasthan consists of cows, buffalo, sheep, goats and camels. iv. Due to the great diversity of economically important domestic animals found in the Rajasthan desert, the farmers depend on animal husbandry for their livelihood. 2. i. The climate in the southern parts of the Western Ghats is humid. ii. The rainy season is of longer duration. iii. The soils in the southern part of the Western Ghats is lateritic with high iron content. iv. Due to the high rainfall and fertile soil, plantation agriculture is mainly confined to the southern parts of the Western Ghats. 3. i. Mining activities are well developed in the Chota Nagpur plateau because it is rich in minerals like mica, bauxite, copper, limestone, iron ore and coal. ii. The Damodar valley is rich with coal deposits and it is considered as the prime centre of coking coal in the country. iii. Massive coal deposits are found in the central basin. iv. The important coalfields are Jharia, Raniganj, west Bokaro, east Bokaro and Ramgarh. 1

2 Board Answer Paper: March i. The process of segregating an area into smaller segments is called regionalization. ii. e.g. Division of nation into states and states into districts etc. iii. iv. Regionalization is a base for economic development. To solve various problems it is necessary to have small regions. Regionalization is very important for many historical, political, economical and sociological analysis. Hence regionalization is very essential. (B) Write short notes on (any two): 1. i. The high rainfall, hot and humid climate which leads to deep weathering has favoured luxurient growth of natural vegetation in the Western Ghats. A portion of the south Sahyadri is gifted with tropical rain forest. ii. iii. In these forest trees like Mahogany, Teak, Ain, Bamboo etc. are found. Eucalyptus and teak are seen in the plantation forests. In the Central Ghats, dense forest areas are located in some parts. The trees like anjan, kanchan, mango, jackfruit, cashewnut etc. dominate the landscape in the Konkan region. iv. Western Ghats is one of the biodiversity hot spot and includes 7 national parks and 39 wildlife sanctuaries. 2. i. Many natural disasters have occurred in the Deccan plateau, however western part of region is highly prone to earthquakes. ii. Here the earthquakes are frequent and of high intensity in some of the regions. iii. An earthquake of very high intensity occurred in Latur in the year This earthquake killed many people and destroyed their properties. iv. Koyna region is also prone to earthquake. 3. i. The eastern Himalayas are also called Arunachal Himalayas. It stretches between the Tista and Brahmaputra rivers. ii. iii. It occupies Arunachal Pradesh state. The eastern Himalayas have number of mountain passes. Jelep La in Sikkim and Bum La in Arunachal Pradesh are the main routes to the Tibetan capital Lhasa. iv. Erosion is very active over these ranges due to heavy rainfall. 2

3 Geography and Economics Q.3. (A) With the help of the given statistical data prepare a simple line graph: India : Population Y 120 Population of India ( ) Scale: 1 cm = 20 crore people 100 Population (in crore) X Years [2] (B) Observe the following map and answer the questions given below it (any two): 1. Godavari and Krishna are the major rivers on Maharashtra Plateau. [1] 2. River Tapi is the west flowing river. [1] 3. Nilgiri hills and Shevroy hills are found in the southern parts of the Peninsular Plateau. [1] 4. River Bhima and Tungbhadra are tributaries of river Krishna. [1] 3

4 Board Answer Paper: March 2014 (C) Mark the following in the outline map of India supplied to you. Write the names and give Index (any two): N km. (2) (4) ARABIAN SEA BAY OF BENGAL (3) (1) Index: (1) Palk Strait (2) Purvanchal (3) Lakshadweep (4) Rajasthan Desert INDIAN OCEAN [For each location - ½ mark] 4

5 Geography and Economics Q.4. Answer the following questions in detail (any two): 1. i. Wool industry has developed in Rajasthan because of the availability of various breeds of sheep. ii. Chokla, Marwari, Malpuri and Pungal are the breeds of sheep that are found in Rajasthan. iii. Among these breeds, wool obtained from Chokla breed is of superior quality. iv. Rajasthan contributes to about 40-50% of the total wool production in India. v. Breeding centres for Merino sheep have been developed at Suratgarh and Bikaner. vi. The woollen thread making mills are established in Jodhpur and Bikaner districts of Rajasthan. Owing to all these factors, the wool industry has flourished in Rajasthan. INDIA N Rajasthan Plain Bay of Bengal Arabian sea Andaman and Nicobar Lakshadweep Indian Ocean [1] 2. i. In addition to agriculture, cattle and dairy farming are also very important in the Punjab-Haryana plain. ii. Haryana breed of bulls and Murrah breed of buffaloes are famous in the semi-arid southwestern districts of this plain. iii. Amritsar is the leading centre of fresh milk collection which supplies milk to Chandigarh and Shimla. iv. Modern dairy industries for producing milk products have been recently set up in Amritsar, Ludhiana and Rohtak districts of Punjab. [3] 5

6 Board Answer Paper: March 2014 INDIA N Punjab Haryana A r a b i a n s e a Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal [1] 3. i. The region extending from the southern rim of North Indian plains upto the Narmada valley is called the Central Highlands. ii. The Aravalli mountains, East Rajasthan Upland, Malwa plateau, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand, Chota Nagpur plateau and the Vindhya range form the sub-divisions of Central Highlands. [1] a. Aravalli Mountains: The Aravallis form a chain of hills and stretch in the Southwest-Northeast direction. It is broad in the southwestern parts and narrow towards northeast. The hills between Mount Abu and Ajmer represent the main block of Aravallis. The entire chain of hills in the Aravallis appear dumb-bell shaped due to narrowing of Aravalli range in the central part. b. East Rajasthan Uplands: The East Rajasthan Uplands extend eastward from the foot of Aravalli hills. This region is characterised by low narrow hills trending in the Southwest- Northeast (SW-NE) direction. These uplands are drained by Banas, a tributary of River Chambal. The area of East Rajasthan Upland near river Chambal have undergone severe down cutting by river channels and are known as Bihands (ravines). 6

7 Geography and Economics c. Bundelkhand: Bundelkhand region lies to the northeast of the Malwa plateau. It spreads across the northern part of Madhya Pradesh and the adjoining portion of south Uttar Pradesh. The topography of the Bundelkhand region is described as smooth undulating terrain having few isolated hills. It forms a part of the Yamuna river basin. d. Malwa plateau: The Malwa plateau is located in the southwestern part of the Central Highlands. It is characterised by low relief and undulating topography. It is located between the Aravalli range in the west and the Vindhya range in the south. It serves as a source region for rivers like Mahi which flow into Gujarat, and Chambal and Betwa rivers which flow towards the north. e. Vindhyanchal-Baghelkhand: This region lies to the southeast of Bundelkhand and east of Malwa Plateau. This area is mostly drained by River Tons, River Son and its tributaries. Vindhyanchal forms a chain of scarps running in a Southwest-Northeast direction. Its eastward extension forms a small part of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Baghelkhand lies to the east of the Vindhyanchal and spreads across eastern Madhya Pradesh and northern part of Chhattisgarh. Son-Narmada is generally taken as a physical boundary between Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. f. Chota Nagpur Plateau Chota Nagpur Plateau spreads in Jharkhand and extends into the adjoining states like West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. Granitic gneiss are found in large tracts in the central part of this region. The rocks of Gondwana formation bearing high grade coal seams, have made Chota Nagpur a mineral rich region. The surfaces of all the plateaus are flat and are studded with low rounded hills. 7

8 Board Answer Paper: March 2014 g. Vindhya Range: The Vindhya range forms a boundary between North and South India. It spreads from the eastern part of Gujarat upto Bihar in the east covering a distance of about 1100 km. The southern slopes of the Vindhya range are quite steep. The northern slopes of the Vindhya range are quite gentle and extend northwards. [Explanation of any four division ½ mark each] INDIA N East Rajasthan Upland Aravalli mountains R.Narmada Malwa plateau Vindhya Satpuda Chota Nagpur Arabian sea Deccan plateau Bay of Bengal Andaman and Nicobar Lakshadweep Indian Ocean [1] Q.5. Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct alternatives from those given in the brackets and rewrite the sentence in your answer-book. 1. The main motive of producers is to maximise profit in capitalist economy. [1] 2. Tertiary sector is also known as service sector. [1] Q.6. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each (any three): 1. i. Mixed economy is the one in which both public and private sector co-exists. [1] ii. The public sector is owned and run by the government, e.g. services like defence, atomic energy, railway, while the private sector is owned and managed by private individuals, e.g. Agriculture. iii. India has adopted mixed economy to solve its basic economic problems. [1] 8

9 Geography and Economics 2. The two main causes of inflation are: i. Increase in demand for goods and services. [1] ii. Decrease in the supply of goods and services. [1] 3. The families having white ration card whose annual income is more than ` 1 lakh are excluded from the benefits of Public Distribution System due to high economic status. [2] 4. The main objectives of Consumer Protection Act are: i. Providing better and all-round protection to consumers. [1] ii. Making provision for a simple and speedy machinery for redressal of consumers grievances. [1] 5. i. The government meets the financial deficit by borrowing money from the public and reserve bank and also by printing currency. [1] ii. Due to this, demand and prices rise. [1] Q.7. Answer any one of the following questions in five or six sentences: 1. Some of the fiscal measures to control inflation are: i. Reduction in public expenditure: Government expenditure should be reduced to control inflation. ii. Increase in taxes: a. It involves increase in level of taxes and imposition of new taxes by the Government. b. It leads to fall in the consumption expenditure of consumers. c. So, the demand for goods decreases. [1] iii. Surplus budget: The government has to adopt a surplus budget in order to control inflation. iv. Public borrowings: a. The government borrows money from market, private individuals and firms. b. It takes away excess purchasing power from people. c. It reduces demand and hence prices come down. [1] v. Over valuation: It discourages exports and increases availability of goods and services in a country. [1] 2. The drawbacks of Public Distribution System are: i. Limited benefits to poor: a. Under Public Distribution System, food grains are provided to ration card holders only. b. These ration cards are issued on the basis of residential address. c. So, seasonal migrant workers and homeless people are not able to get its benefits. [1] 9

10 Board Answer Paper: March 2014 ii. iii. iv. Regional disparities: a. Some regions are well developed, while some are less developed. b. In some states, large number of families are below poverty line. c. But, the off-take of food grains through Public Distribution System is not accordingly. d. Due to this regional imbalance, most of the people are not able to get the benefits of Public Distribution System. [1] Urban bias: a. Nearly 75% fair price shops are in the rural areas but, the off-take of food grains through Public Distribution System is more in urban areas. b. The transport system in villages is not as efficient as in the cities. c. At times, food grains and kerosene are not available in most of the fair price shops in rural areas. [1] Inefficient Food Corporation of India: a. It is the duty of Food Corporation of India to supply food grains for distribution through fair price shops. b. But, there are some inefficiencies. c. Excess stock of food grains is not stored properly. d. Therefore, it creates scarcity of food grains even after an increase in production. [1] 10