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1 Global Urban Data Initiative ISTAMBUL April 22, pm Tokyo Ho Chi Minh Moscow Global Urban Data Initiative Global Urban and DRM Unit LEARN ABOUT: Data Access through PUMA Portal and ESA Urban Thematic Exploitation Platform (TEP) Urban mapping technical specifications New Delhi DISCUSS your data needs DISCOVER possibilities to collaborate with technical partners and data developers Sao Paulo
2 Urbanization and sustainable development The Urban Era Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division 5. World Urbanization Prospects The 2014 Revision. In future, urban areas will account for: 90% of population growth, 80% of increased prosperity, 60% of energy consumption.
3 Measuring Urban Growth At present there is no global source of information to consistently and reliably monitor urban expansion and population change Wide variety of inconsistent methods in the past resulted in estimations of urban land cover between 0.2 to 3% of land mass Existing sources of data are not comparable because countries define urban extents differently Redefinition of areas from rural to urban frequently lacks actual change in land use and population density
4 Measuring Urban Growth Human Settlements layers Ongoing efforts worldwide indicate a global demand Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project Nightlights and ~1km resolution Lower resolution 1990, 1995, 2000 Sample of cities Global Urban Expansion Atlas/ Solly Angel (200 cities, 1990, 2000, 2013) European Commission / OECD Europe + some of the OECD countries World Bank Regional Urbanization Reviews East Asia using MODIS 500(250m) and South Asia using nightlights Global Human settlements Layer (JRC / EC) (currently in process) Urban Land C 2000 and Urban Expansion University of Wisconsin, Madison Now extended to cover the world at 250 m spatial resolution NOAA s Nightlights Data ASTER Global Urban Area map, AGURAM And others. 4
5 Cairo (EG) Moscow (RU) Paris (FR) Mumbai (IN) Beijing- Tianjing (CN) Measuring Urban Growth Currently available Global Human Settlements layers
6 Measuring Urban Growth Currently available global Human Settlements layers In the last decade several Global Human Settlements Layers (GHSL) have been produced to map human settlements worldwide. NASA MODIS 500 (493 m spatial resolution) and ESA GlobCover 2009 (309 m spatial resolution) The limited spatial resolution does NOT allow a precise characterization of urban settlements, especially in rural and peri-urban areas (characterized by small and scattered villages and towns) 6
7 Key Policy Questions: How are cities changing over time? How much, and in what proportion of uses, is land being consumed for urban development? Where are the areas with the most significant land use change? What are the drivers of urban and other land development, and what new infrastructure will be needed to support this development? What are the possible effects of natural disasters and climate change, and how much of the population and assets will be affected? Key Data Needs: Detailed observation and monitoring Moving from Observing and Monitoring to the evaluation of the effectiveness of policy options and modeling Ie. urban growth scenarios, extent/proximity of green urban areas, accessibility, urban heat islands, etc. integration of geographic and statistical information into toolsets and models Objective: Improved spatial planning based on the high quality and accurate data
8 Fundamental needs identified: - Free or low cost data - Better resolution* & accuracy* of measurements - Fast* and operational* monitoring system to offset the limitations of the existing estimations such as: variability of methodologies and mapping results, their low spatial resolution (250m-2km), and low frequency of updates. Resolution: different urban scales: regional (250m-80m) / city level (30 m/10m/5m) Accuracy: 75-90%, in situ data for validation is key Fast: possibilities of updates every 3-5 years on the regional level and every 1 year on the national level Operational: not R&D! based on the validated algorithms (automated) with quarantined long term (20+ years) data availability Free or low cost data: EMODIS (NASA, free), Envisat (ESA, free), ERS (ESA, free), Landsat (NASA, free), Sentinels (ESA, free)
9 Resolution: different urban scales: regional (250m-80m) / city level (30 m/10m/5m) Accuracy: 75-90%, in situ data for validation is key Fast: decadal is a minimum but true need is in possibilities of updates every 3-5 years on the regional level and every 1 year on the national level Operational: not R&D! based on the validated algorithms, automated system (cf. fast) with quarantined long term (20+ years) input data availability, ability to integrate different sources of data (EO and non EO) Free or low cost data: 1km-10 m - Open & Free (Landsat, Sentinels) INFORMATION! 10-2,5m Low cost, 1$ sq km(high value) (SPOT, RapidEye, DMC, IRS, CBRES,, ) <1m At cost, cost vary (high value) (WorldView, Pleiades, Kompsat,, )
10 Monitoring of human settlements required a breakthrough in observational capacity & analytic tools
11 Global Urban Footprint MODIS 500 Global Urban Footprint vs. MODIS 500 Rome (IT) Oklahoma City (USA) Saku (JP) Zanzibar (TZ) Credit: DLR/German Space Agency Global Urban Footprint, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission
12 Global Coverage 2011/2012 Baseline data Africa East and Central Europe South East Asia Credit: DLR/German Space Agency Global Urban Footprint, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission
13 Global Coverage 2011/2012 Baseline data New Delhi, India original backscattering amplitude extracted speckle divergence Global Urban Footprint New Delhi Area: 88 images (~90,000 km 2 ) Validation (evaluated over 2000 randomly distributed samples): OA% 86.6, Kappa 0.73 Credit: DLR/German Space Agency Global Urban Footprint, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission
14 Global Coverage 2011/2012 Baseline data National Demonstrator - Japan Japan: ~800 images Credit: DLR/German Space Agency Global Urban Footprint, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission
15 Global Coverage 2011/2012 Baseline data Shanghai, China 80 km Credit: DLR/German Space Agency Global Urban Footprint, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission
16 Global Coverage 2011/2012 Baseline data Shanghai, China 80 km Urban Footprint Credit: DLR/German Space Agency Global Urban Footprint, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission
17 Global Coverage 2011/2012 Historical data Urban spatio-temporal development based on historical optical (Landsat MSS, TM and ETM+) and SAR (ERS, ASAR) data + Global Urban Footprint. Manila (Philippines) Credit: DLR/German Space Agency, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission, Landsat, ERS, Envisat
18 Global Coverage 2011/2012 Historical data Istanbul (Turkey) Credit: DLR/German Space Agency, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission, Landsat, ERS, Envisat
19 Seoul (South Korea) Global Coverage 2011/2012 Historical data Jakarta (Indonesia) Credit: DLR/German Space Agency, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission, Landsat, ERS, Envisat
20 Phase 1 ( ) : 2014 ESA Innovators Project led by DLR i) the past urban extent ( ) with ASAR WSM data for East Africa; 75m spatial resolution built-up extent It includes entire Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Kenya in addition to big parts of Somalia, Ethiopia, South Sudan and Zambia ii) the current urban extent for Addis Ababa, Dar es Salaam and Nairobi from Sentinel-1 IW GRDH data acquired in Phase 2 ( ): i) the past urban extent ( ) with ASAR WSM data of the remaining part of the African continent; ii) the current urban extent for Kigali and entire Uganda (including Kampala) from Sentinel-1 IW GRDH data acquired in
21 Benin Lagos Nigeria Non Urban Urban 2003 Urban 2012 Credit: DLR/German Space Agency, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission, Landsat, ERS, Envisat
22 Credit: DLR/German Space Agency, Area of Interest in East Africa
23 Credit: DLR/German Space Agency
24 Credit: DLR/German Space Agency, Global Urban Footprint, Africa, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission
25 Credit: DLR/German Space Agency, Global Urban Footprint, Africa, Satellite data: TerraSarX/TandemX mission
26 ESA Urban Thematic Exploitation Platform (Urban TEP) Credit: DLR/German Space Agency, GISAT, Brockmann Consult, Terradue, ITI, Urban TEP Kick Off Meeting, Frascati March 2015
27 ESA Urban Thematic Exploitation Platform (Urban TEP) Credit: GISAT, Urban TEP Kick Off Meeting, Frascati March 2015
28 Back-end On-demand computation capabilities - modeling, what if support More power, more scalability both for computation, and access demand Through sandboxes/parallel (cloud) computing More data - open data access - EO data and services (Copernicus, Landsat8) catalogues - open data using OpenLinkedData approaches (RDF, SPARC/STRABON) MELODIES Credit: GISAT, Urban TEP Kick Off Meeting, Frascati March 2015
29 ESA Urban Thematic Exploitation Platform (Urban TEP) Multi-scale approach needed reflecting various scales of urban structures for information support. User communities on all levels: Global Regional National Local Credit: GISAT, Urban TEP Kick Off Meeting, Frascati March 2015
30 Example of regional / local dataset European Urban Atlas
31 Example of regional / local dataset European Urban Atlas
32 What are the systems requirements? Example of regional / local dataset European Urban Atlas
33 Example of regional / local dataset European Urban Atlas
34 What are the systems requirements? Example of regional / local dataset European Urban Atlas
35 Example of regional / local dataset European Urban Atlas
36 Example of regional / local dataset European Urban Atlas
37 Example of regional / local dataset European Urban Atlas
38 Global Urban Growth Data Initative Earth observation perspective Anna Burzykowka European Space Agency Department of Science, Applications and Future Tehnologies
39 Global Urban Growth Data Initative Earth observation perspective? Anna Burzykowka? European Space Agency Department of Science, Applications and Future Tehnologies Credit: GISAT, Urban Atlas Plus project
40 Global Urban Growth Data Initative Earth observation perspective Anna Burzykowka European Space Agency Department of Science, Applications and Future Tehnologies
41 Global Urban Growth Data Initative Earth observation perspective? Anna Burzykowka? European Space Agency Department of Science, Applications and Future Tehnologies
42 Delhi, Dhaka, Mumbai - Case studies using European Atlas Methods Credit: GISAT, eoworld project
43 Delhi, Dhaka, Mumbai - Case studies using European Atlas Methods Credit: GISAT, eoworld project
44 Delhi, Dhaka, Mumbai - Case studies using European Atlas Methods Credit: GISAT, eoworld project
45 Delhi, Dhaka, Mumbai - Case studies using European Atlas Methods Credit: GISAT, eoworld project
46 Delhi, Dhaka, Mumbai - Case studies using European Atlas Methods Credit: GISAT, eoworld project
47 List of cities outside Europe mapped using Urban Atlas methodology Dheli Dhaka Mumbai Lima Bogota Quito Jalalbad Karach Chittagong Colombo Ho Chi Min City Yogyakarta Georgetown (Guyana) Rio de Janeiro Manila Cebu City Hai Phong Surabaya Ulanbaatar Mapping/monitoring principles: - Two to three decades of urban growth 1990, 2000, At least 13 urban classes - Showing land conversions across classes - Using the same definitions for comparable results
48 From maps to indicators Indicator 1: Urban growth Indicator 2: Growth of residential areas Indicator 3: Growth of industrial areas Indicator 4: Urban growth and population development Indicator 5: Productivity of land consumption Indicator 6: Urban sprawl intensity Indicator 7: Land cover replaced by built-up area Indicator 8: Land use Indicator 9: Loss of natural areas Indicator 10: Structural indicators Indicator 11: Informal Settlements
49 Platform for Urban Management and Analysis World Bank EAP Regional Urbanization Flagship // support tool Credit: GISAT for World Bank 49
50 Platform for Urban Management and Analysis World Bank EAP Regional Urbanization Flagship // support tool Credit: GISAT for World Bank 50
51 Platform for Urban Management and Analysis World Bank EAP Regional Urbanization Flagship // support tool Credit: GISAT for World Bank 51
52 Platform for Urban Management and Analysis World Bank EAP Regional Urbanization Flagship // support tool Credit: GISAT for World Bank 52
53 Platform for Urban Management and Analysis World Bank EAP Regional Urbanization Flagship // support tool Credit: GISAT for World Bank 53
54 Platform for Urban Management and Analysis World Bank EAP Regional Urbanization Flagship // support tool Credit: GISAT for World Bank 54
55 Platform for Urban Management and Analysis World Bank EAP Regional Urbanization Flagship // support tool Credit: GISAT for World Bank 55
56 PUMA Examples Credit: GISAT for World Bank 56
57 Measuring Urban Growth Global Urban Unit Data Initiative Phase 1 Creating a Standard Baseline (c.2010) (completed by end 2015) Urban areas definition (based on adapted OECD Methodology) Urban territorial extent (based on Global Urban Footprint) Population distribution data (based on WorldPop) Updated administrative boundaries dataset (as available) Roll out of the PUMA Platform as a WBG urban data hub Phase 2 ( ) Long term monitoring / historical urban change o o o gathering comparable data from prior years, in order to apply track changes in urban extent from (combination of various sources of data Global Human Settlements Layer, GUF, nightlights, Modis250, etc.) updates collected in 2015, which will coincide with the new post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals. Looking beyond urban growth: green cities, natural hazards, climate resilience, urban planning and economic perspective, and so on.
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