Geography. Total marks 100. Section I Pages marks Attempt Questions 1 15 Allow about 25 minutes for this section

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1 2006 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION Geography Total marks 100 General Instructions Reading time 5 minutes Working time 3 hours Write using black or blue pen Board-approved calculators may be used A Stimulus Booklet is provided with this paper Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of pages 9, 11 and 13 Section I Pages marks Attempt Questions 1 15 Allow about 25 minutes for this section Section II Pages marks Attempt Questions Allow about 45 minutes for this section Section III Page marks Attempt Questions Allow about 1 hour and 50 minutes for this section 374

2 Section I 15 marks Attempt Questions 1 15 Allow about 25 minutes for this section Refer to the Stimulus Booklet Use the multiple-choice answer sheet. Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely. Sample: = (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9 A B C D If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer. A B C D If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows. correct A B C D 2

3 1 Which of the following best describes the geographical term environment? (A) Where things are and why they are there (B) The relationship between people and ecosystems (C) A system formed by the interaction of living organisms (D) The total surroundings, including biophysical, spatial and cultural elements Refer to Sources A, C and D to answer Question 2. 2 What was the change in direction of Hurricane Katrina from 27 August 2005 to 29 August 2005? (A) East to north (B) East to south (C) West to north (D) West to south Refer to Sources A and D to answer Question 3. 3 Which of the following best describes the weather at X on Source A? (A) Northerly winds and cool temperatures (B) Northerly winds and warm temperatures (C) Southerly winds and cool temperatures (D) Southerly winds and warm temperatures Refer to Sources B, C and D to answer Question 4. 4 Which of the following best explains the maximum price of unleaded petroleum in the USA from July to November 2005? (A) Fears in the USA of rising consumer demand in winter (B) Fears in Mexico that Hurricane Katrina would affect the oil supply (C) Fears of a sudden reduction in oil supplies from major oil-exporting countries (D) Fears in the USA that Hurricane Katrina had destroyed many off-shore oil platforms 3

4 Refer to Source D to answer Question 5. 5 What is the difference in air pressure between point Y and 35 N 80 W? (A) 10 hpa (B) 12 hpa (C) 16 hpa (D) 18 hpa Refer to Source E to answer Questions 6 and 7. 6 Which Area Reference has an easterly aspect? (A) 3067 (B) 3163 (C) 3366 (D) Which of the following can be seen from Smalley Hill (AR 3267)? (A) Power transmission line (AR 3259) (B) Purrorumba Hill (AR 3170) (C) Spot height 826 m (AR 3163) (D) The Grove (AR 3074) Refer to Sources E and F to answer Questions 8 and 9. 8 What land use change has occurred in the south-east quadrant since 1974? (A) Quarry replaced by housing estate (B) Rubbish tip replaced by landing ground (C) Landing ground replaced by training track (D) Sewage treatment works replaced by quarry 4

5 9 What is the approximate percentage decrease in the shown surface area of perennial Lake George from 1974 to 2001? (A) 25% (B) 33% (C) 50% (D) 66% 10 What is the name given to a map that best shows property boundaries? (A) Cadastral (B) Choropleth (C) Isopleth (D) Precis Refer to Source G to answer Questions 11 and During which period did the eastern states of Australia experience the most extensive area of well above average rainfall? (A) (B) (C) (D) Which state experienced extremely low rainfall over the greatest proportion of its area in ? (A) Queensland (B) South Australia (C) Tasmania (D) Victoria 5

6 Refer to Source H to answer Question In which two consecutive years was there the greatest change in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)? (A) 1974 and 1975 (B) (C) 1983 and and 1989 (D) 1999 and 2000 Refer to Source I to answer Questions 14 and How many mega cities were there in the developing world in 1950? (A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 7 15 Which city is expected to have the greatest percentage increase in population between 2000 and 2015? (A) Bogotá (B) (C) Jakarta Mexico City (D) Tokyo 6

7 BLANK PAGE 7

8 BLANK PAGE 8 Board of Studies NSW 2006

9 2006 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION Geography Section II Centre Number 25 marks Student Number Attempt Questions Allow about 45 minutes for this section Use the Stimulus Booklet and your knowledge of geography to answer Questions in the spaces provided. Question 16 (8 marks) Marks Refer to Sources E and F on page 2 of the Stimulus Booklet and the transects below to answer part (a). GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR (a) Identify TWO changes on the 2001 transect that have occurred since (i) (ii) Question 16 continues on page a 9

10 Question 16 (continued) Marks Refer to Sources G and H on page 3 of the Stimulus Booklet to answer part (b). (b) Evaluate the usefulness, validity and reliability of the Southern Oscillation Index as a tool for predicting drought in Australia. 6 End of Question Board of Studies NSW 2006

11 2006 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION Geography Section II (continued) Centre Number Student Number Question 17 (8 marks) Refer to the semilogarithmic graph below to answer parts (a) (b). Population change West African mega city United Nations Projection Census Population (millions) Post-Independence - Census Colonial Censuses United Nations Estimates Year (a) What is the United Nations projection for the population of the West African 1 mega city in 2015? (b) Identify the time period that indicates the greatest rate of increase of population 1 change in the West African mega city. Question 17 continues on page b 11

12 Question 17 (continued) Marks Refer to Source I on page 4 of the Stimulus Booklet to answer part (c). (c) Give TWO reasons that explain why the number of mega cities has increased 2 between 1950 and (d) Identify and describe TWO challenges that mega cities currently experience. 4 End of Question Board of Studies NSW 2006

13 2006 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION Geography Section II (continued) Centre Number Student Number Question 18 (9 marks) Marks (a) Identify an economic enterprise operating at a local scale. 1 Refer to the diagram below to answer part (b). People Goods Services Ideas Key Linkages and flows (b) Describe TWO different internal linkages of the economic enterprise named in 4 part (a). Question 18 continues on page c 13

14 Question 18 (continued) Marks (c) Identify and outline TWO effects of global changes on the enterprise named in part (a). 4 End of Question Board of Studies NSW 2006

15 2006 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION Geography Section III 60 marks Attempt Questions Allow about 1 hour and 50 minutes for this section Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available. In your answers you will be assessed on how well you: present a sustained, logical and well-structured answer to the question communicate geographical information, ideas and issues refer to appropriate case studies, illustrative examples and the Stimulus Booklet where appropriate Question 19 (20 marks) Evaluate traditional and contemporary ecosystem management strategies in terms of ecological sustainability. Question 20 (20 marks) Contrast the nature, character and spatial distribution of world cities with mega cities in the developing world. Question 21 (20 marks) Examine the changing nature, spatial patterns and ecological dimensions of a global economic activity. End of paper 374d 15

16 BLANK PAGE 16 Board of Studies NSW 2006

17 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C A T E E X A M I N A T I O N Geography Stimulus Booklet Source A Satellite image of Hurricane Katrina Source B Unleaded 28 August 2005 petroleum prices in the USA July November /8/05 28/8/05 26/8/05 Jul Aug Sep 27/8/05 X 2005 Source C Oil rigs map N Refineries Hurricane Katrina s path Hurricane intensity HIGH LOW early morning on August 29 Oil rigs Source D Synoptic Chart of Hurricane Katrina (7.00am EST 28 August 2005) LOW Oct Nov New Orleans US cents per gallon Oil rigs Hurricane Katrina s path as of early Monday morning (August 209) Energy Information Administration 40 N 1016 HIGH LOW N LOW New FLORIDA Orleans 1012 Hurricane Katrina Y 1008 MEXICO 25 7 N 87 7 W hectopascals 120 W 110 W 100 W 90 W 80 W 374e Page 1 Courtesy of U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

18 Source E Lake George topographic map 1974 Source F Lake George topographic map L A K E G E O R G E PURRORUMBA HILL PURRORUMBA HILL SMALLEY HILL SMALLEY HILL Rubbish Tip Rubbish Tip Elmslea Estate Canberra Topographic Map Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia ACT Region Topographic Map, Edition 1, 2004 Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia Key for Sources E and F Source E Source F Built-up area; dual carriage way, vehicle track Principal road; minor road Single track railway line; windbreak; buildings Power transmission line; quarry Spot height; trig station; pine plantation Vegetation: scattered; medium; dense Lake: perennial; intermittent N W E S 1 : Contour interval: 20 m Page 2

19 Awaiting copyright Source H Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) (1960 to 2003) (The SOI compares the difference in air pressure between Tahiti and Darwin as a measure of air movement in the Pacific) SOI Adapted from: Bureau of Meteorology, 2004 Year Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2004 Page 3

20 Source I Selected cities with a population of 5 million or more Tokyo 27.2 Delhi 20.9 New York 17.9 Mexico City 20.4 Los Angeles 14.5 Chicago 7.6 Bogotá Rio de Buenos Janeiro Aires Lima 9.4 (projected) Moscow 8.1 Paris 9.9 London 7.6 Lagos 16.0 Abidjan 6.1 Karachi 16.2 Shanghai 13.6 Beijing 11.7 Manila 12.6 Jakarta 17.3 Yangon 6.3 Kinshasa 9.9 Santiago London Paris New York 12.3 Moscow 5.4 Tokyo 6.9 Shanghai 5.3 Buenos Aires 5.0 Tokyo 6.9 Population in millions Country with at least one city of five million or more residents Cities with populations of five million or more residents Country without a city of Image ID: five million or more residents NGS Maps/National Geographic Image Collection Present-day boundaries shown Only some cities shown Page 4 Board of Studies NSW 2006

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