Today s s Sermon. The. - ic. Important terms: Are you here? etc. AKA The Chemists Cheat Sheet. Did you read chapter 17 before class?

Transcription

1 Toay Sermon The. - ic AKA The Chemit Cheat Sheet Are you here? A) Ye B) No C) Can I phone a frien? Di you rea chapter 17 before cla? A) Ye B) No C) I thought I wait till after the exam o I can focu my reaing on the mot important point. Important term: 1. element: atom all having the ame number of proton in the nucleu 2. atomic number: number of proton in the nucleu 3. ma number: total number of nucleon (proton an neutron) in a nucleu 4. atomic ma (atomic weight): the relative ma of the atom of an element compare to carbon atom which have arbitrarily been given a ma of twelve (often calle atomic ma unit) 5. ionization energy: energy require to completely remove an electron from an atom freeom Ionization. 8. valence electron: the electron in the outermot hell (uually unfille). 9. family or group of element: a ubet of element that are imilar in appearance, natural tate, an chemical behavior. They have the ame number of valence electron. 1 Shell Orbital

2 Chemical Element ientifie by the 1 t couple of letter of the name, typically in Latin. ionization number ma number tell the number of the number of nucleon exce or eficient in the atom electron (charge on atom) 4 2 He2+ atomic number the number of proton in the atom Arrange on the perioic table accoring to atomic number C All rie H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar PS 100 Lamb Day H Li Be Na Mg K Ca Sc Rb Sr Y C Ba ** Fr Ra C B C N O F 12.0 Al Si P S Cl Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge A Se Br Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh P Ag C In Sn Sb Te I Hf Ta W Re O Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Why Perioic Table Anything that repeat over an over again i perioic. Element are arrange accoring to: 1 atomic number 2 chemical behavior Since the ame type of chemical behavior repeat in each column, it i a perioic table.

3 Why the perioicity? Film fetival The chemical propertie of the element are governe by their electron. The number of electron in a neutral atom i given by the atomic number. The chemical propertie are governe motly by the number of valence electron; Element in a family have ame number an orbital type of valence e - & ame number of unfille tate in their outermot hell Nobel gae Alkali metal Structure of the Table Familie in column column 1 (alkali metal) column 8 (noble gae) imilar chemitry -why? ame valence electron Perio in row chemitry change graually firt, econ, A hitorical note: The recognition of pattern in the chemical behavior of the element an the ubequent formulation of the Perioic Table wa a gran accomplihment of 19th century chemitry. The unertaning of thi pattern in term of the wave moel of the atom wa a gran accomplihment of phyic in the opening ecae of the 20th century. Filling orer of Electron State - lowet energy orbital fill firt Shell fille #e - in hell #e - total , 2p , 3p after thi, orer i 4, then 3, then 4p How o we know? - from perioic table Well: Which element i it? A) Na B)Cl C)N D)S Fille hell Fille hell 1 Shell Orbital

4 Practice: Orer of filling: Perioic Table Perioic Tren Volume (Size) Ionization energie Chemical Propertie maller Ionization energy freeom maller Perioic Tren: Size 1 Shell Orbital Ionization Ionization element with ionization energie le than 8 electron volt are metal hiny, malleable, oli, goo conuctor, chemically active Ionization Energie Note: in ame group element with ionization energie greater than 10 electron volt are nonmetal miing at leat one of the propertie of metal

5 larger larger Ionization Energie: General tren Group Characteritic Metal on left Non-metal on right Noble gae valence e ame for all member of family The Gran Outline The Gran Outline Part 1. Why o thing move the way they o? Law of Motion Law of Force Conervation Law Symmetry Law Special Relativity Part 2. What are thing mae of? Moel of an atom Law of Increaing Diorer Dual Nature of Matter an Electromagnetic Raiation Wave Moel of atom The Excluion Principle Part 3. A. What can funamental principle tell u about living thing? - Familie of element - How atom bon together - How ome of the molecule of life are organize an replicate B. What o we know about the nucleu of an atom? - The trong interaction - Fiion an Fuion The Wave Moel of Matter (A applie to atom) 1. Atom are mae of tiny, maive, poitively charge nuclei urroune by electron in orbital" 2. Orbital are taning wave of probability; they preict the probability of fining e- near nucleu; hape of orbital are important. 3. No more than 2 e- can occupy orbital. Two e- in ame orbital mut iffer in pin. (Excluion principle) 4. e- aociate with ifferent orbital have ifferent energie. (Repreent thi with energy well) The Perioic Table (a explaine by the wave moel of the atom) exitence of hell & number of available energy tate governe by wave equation perioic pattern ue to arrangement of electron in allowe orbital an hell element in a family have ame number of valence e- & ame number of unfille tate in their outermot hell