Objectives. 1. How did the chemists begin to organize the periodic table? 2. How did Mendelev organize his periodic table?

Transcription

1 Objectives 1. How did the chemists begin to organize the periodic table? 2. How did Mendelev organize his periodic table? 3. How is the modern periodic table organized? 4. What are the three broad classes of elements?

2 Vocablary Periodic law metal nonmetal metalloid

3 Do Now 1. Identify the element. 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 2. Write the electron configration for Iron (Fe). 3. How many sbenergy levels can yo find in the 4 th principal energy level. 4. The electrons represent the electrons in the otermost orbitals. 5. Which two nclei are isotopes of Slfr? 16P 16N 15P 16N 16P 18N 15P 15N A B C D

4 6.1: Organizing the Periodic Table

5 DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERIODIC TABLE Aristotle A. Lavoisier J. Berzelis J. Newlands Lothar Meyer D. Mendeleev H. Moseley 330 B.C Proposes the for element theory- Earth, Fire, Air, Water. Co m p i l e d t h e first list of 33 elements-gases, M e t a l s, Nonmetals, and Earths. D e v e l o p e d a table of atomic w e i g h t s a n d i n t r o d c e d l e t t e r s t o s y m b o l i z e elements. A r r a n g e d elements based o n a t o m i c w e i g h t s ; o b s e r v e d similarity (Law of Octaves) O r g a n i z e d elements based on their valence. It inclded 28 elements. Organized the fi r s t p e r i o d i c table with 66 elements based on atomic weight and similarities in properties. D e t e r m i n e d atomic nmber of elements and m o d i fi e d t h e periodic table based on atomic nmber.

6 The Periodic Table 1 The periodic table is a complete list of all the arranged in order of atomic nmber. 1 H 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni C Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc R Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba L Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt A Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds 2 He

7 Periodic Law 2 When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic nmber, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.

8 Periods & Energy Levels 3 Horizontal Rows = Periods. Periods principal energy levels. Total of 7 periods & 7 principal energy levels Periods/ Energy Levels

9 Qick Practice How many energy levels does iridim (Ir) have? What period is calcim (Ca) located in? How many energy levels does selenim (Se) have?

10 1A 2A Grops 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B

11 Grops & Valence Electrons 4 Vertical colmns = Grops. Total of 16 grops - 8 A grops + 8 B grops Grops 1A - 8A are s & p block elements Grops 1A - 8A correspond to similarities in valence electron configrations Grops 1B - 8B are d & f block elements.

12 Qick Practice How many valence electrons does iridim (Ir) have? What grop is calcim (Ca) located in? How many valence electrons does selenim (Se) have?

13 Types of Elements 5 There are three main types of elements: a. the metals, b. the non-metals, and c. the metalloids

14 Types of Elements

15 Metals 6 Abot 80% of the elements are metals. They are all solids, except mercry. They have a high lster (shiny) They are dctile (can be drawn into wires) They are malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets). Mercry Lster (sheen) Dctility Malleability

16 Nonmetals 7 Carbon 17 nonmetals all located on the right side most are gases, few are solids, and one is a liqid. poor condctors of heat and electric crrent except for carbon as graphite. solids are brittle (will break if hit with a hammer) Phosphors Slfr Selenim Bromine Chlorine Graphite

17 Metalloids 8 7 metalloids located between metals & nonmetals sometimes behave as metals, sometimes as nonmetals depending on the conditions Boron Silicon Germanim Arsenic Antimony Tellrim

18 Qick Practice Metal, Nonmetal, or Metalloid? What kind of element is Florine (F)? What kind of element is Magnesim (Mg)? What kind of element is Silicon (Si)? What kind of element is Alminm (Al)? What kind of element is Mercry (Hg)? What kind of element is Iodine (I)?

19 Notes v Periodic table - all the elements arranged in increasing atomic nmber. v Periodic Law When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic nmber, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties. v Horizontal Rows = Periods = Principal energy levels Total of 7 periods or 7 principal energy levels v Vertical colmns = Grops. Total of 18 grops - 8 A grops + 8 B grops Grops 1A - 8A are s & p block elements Grops 1B - 8B are d & f block elements.

20 Notes 3 broad classes of elements v Metals Most elements are metals. All are solids, except mercry. They are good condctors of heat & electricity They are dctile (can be drawn into wires) They are malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets) v Nonmetals 17 nonmetals; all located on the right side most are gases, few are solids, and one (Br) is a liqid. poor condctors of heat and electricity except for carbon as graphite. solids are brittle (will break is hit with a hammer) v Metalloids 7 metalloids located between metals & nonmetals sometimes behave as metals, sometimes as nonmetals depending on the conditions

21 Worksheet Assignment Periods/ Energy Levels

22 Worksheet Assignment Grop A 1A 2A Grop B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B Grop A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A

23 Worksheet Assignment A B C metals metalloids nonmetals

24 Exit Ticket 1. Sn is a. (metal, nonmetal, or metalloid) 2. C is a. (metal, nonmetal, or metalloid) 3. Tre or False Metals are poor condctors of electricity and heat. 4. Most nonmetals are at room temperatre. 5. Horizontal rows are called and vertical colmns are called.