Compounds and equations SAMPLE

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1 USING CHEMISTRY 105 ACTIVITY 7.1 Litery Proessing n nlysing t n informtion Compouns n equtions Nming rules for ompouns When two or more elements hemilly join together, ompoun is forme. The nme of the ompoun usully omes from putting together the nmes of the elements tht mke up the ompoun. Simple wor equtions n e use to show the formtion of ompoun. For instne, ron n oxygen n omine to form ron ioxie: ron + oxygen ron ioxie For metl non-metl ompouns (ioni ompouns) the nme of the metl ppers first (or element with the lower group numer); the nme of the non-metls ppers seon, n its ening is hnge to ie. Speil groups: these speil groups t together in ompoun n hve the following nme stem: SO 4 is sulfte ClO 3 is hlorte NO 3 is nitrte PO 4 is phosphte OH is hyroxie NH 4 is mmonium MnO 4 is permngnte For non-metl non-metl ompouns (moleulr ompouns), the elements re written in orer of inresing group numer (e.g. NO not ON), exept for H. The numer of toms in the moleule is inite y using prefix: mono = 1, i = 2, tri = 3, tetr = 4. (The exeption to this rule is for the first tom: if the first tom is mono then no prefix is neee.) 1 Nme the following ioni ompouns n moleulr ompouns. (The first one is one for you.) NF is soium fluorie CO LiCl MgI 2 Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

2 106 USING CHEMISTRY USING CHEMISTRY 107 e f g h i j k l BeF 2 NOH KClO 3 CuSO 4 FeO P(NO 3 ) 2 K 2 SO 4 (NH4) 3 PO 4 m CO 2 n o p q r s t u v CO NO 2 _ HCl _ or PF 3 _ NH 3 _ or SO 2 _ CCl 4 _ H 2 O or N 2 O 3 _ 2 Complete the wor equtions elow showing elements omining to form ompouns. Assume tht when more thn one non-metl is omining, speil group is involve. e f g h K, Br: potssium + romine N, O: + soium oxie, : lium + sulfur Al, N, O: luminium + nitrogen + oxygen Cu, S, O: + + opper sulfte,, : mgnesium + oxygen + hyrogen B, O, H: + + rium hyroxie,, : silver + phosphorus + oxygen ACTIVITY 7.2 Plnning n onuting Proessing n nlysing t n informtion Equipment Spirit urner Methylte spirits Kerosene Hetproof mt 250 ml eker Digrm Experiment: Comustion of fuels Set up the equipment s shown in Figure 7.1 n lel Figure 7.1. To exmine Aim how omustion retion ours. Fig 7.1 Wter Temperture proe n t logger (or thermometer) Mthes Wth or stopwth OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

3 108 USING CHEMISTRY USING CHEMISTRY 109 Metho Results 1 Ple spirit urner ontining methylte spirits onto hetproof mt. 2 Set up 250 ml eker ontining 100 ml of wter n temperture proe n t logger (or thermometer). The eker shoul e 10 m ove the wik of the urner. 3 Note the strting temperture of the wter in the eker. 4 Light mth well wy from the methylte spirits. Crefully ring the mth to the wik of the spirit urner n light the wik. 5 Time the urn for 60 seons (1 minute). 6 Note the finish temperture of the wter in the eker n then put out the flme y putting the steel p over the wik. 7 Repet steps 1 6 using kerosene s the fuel. Hzrs Write out some hzrs in this experiment n ress eh one. Flme hzr Frgile glss hzr WARNING Flme hzr. Wer sfety glsses n l ot. Keep fl mmles wy. Alwys wer lether toppe shool shoes s protetion for ojets tht re roppe. Fuel Before retion After retion Methylte spirits Temperture = Oservtions: Kerosene Temperture = Oservtions: Conlusion Write onlusion to this experiment. Questions Temperture = Oservtions: Temperture = Oservtions: 1 Inustril methylte spirits is minly ethnol. The omustion of the fuel ethnol (C 2 H 5 OH) is shown y the hemil eqution elow. Use this to write out the wor eqution unerneth. Cirle the prouts. C 2 H 5 OH + 3O 2 2CO 2 + 3H 2 O Write out the wor eqution for the omustion of kerosene (C 12 H 26 ). 3 Ientify the retnts n prouts tht oul e oserve iretly uring this retion. OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

4 110 USING CHEMISTRY USING CHEMISTRY Energy is lso involve in omustion retion. Whih sie of the eqution shoul energy go on? Justify your nswer. 5 Contrst the omustion of ethnol n the omustion of kerosene y writing out the similrities n ifferenes. 6 Use your textook n the results here to explin whether or not there is ny pollution proue y omustion. 7 Figure 7.2 shows fire tringle. Explin wht the igrm shows out omustion. Fig Write out the efinition of flshpoint. Explin why fuels o not ignite immeitely in ir, even efore mth gets ner them. Fuel Oxygen Het ACTIVITY 7.3 ICT Questioning n preiting Evluting Mterils hemistry Alloys Mil strength steel in the oy pnels; iron lloy High strength, high temperture steel lloys use in the engine Fig 7.3 Metls Glss Synthetis Element Bttery hs le sheets, wires hve opper ore Sfety glss in winsreen is me of plsti lyer snwihe etween glss Fires Upholstery, rpets usully me of nylon Plstis Bumper r, shor, steering wheel me of plstis 1 Exmine the igrm of r in Figure 7.3. Complete the tle elow to show the mterils use n the useful properties. Prt Me of wht? Useful properties Tyres Ruer outsie soft, gives grip, wterproof Steel wire insie strong n strethle (utile) 2 Why woul glss plsti snwih e use inste of just glss for the winsreen? OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

5 112 USING CHEMISTRY USING CHEMISTRY Use the Internet or your textook to fin the hemil formul of the following: Iron Steel Ruer Plsti (polypropylene) e Glss 4 Desrie how ruer ws isovere n evelope over time. 5 Explin why r tyres re mtrix of ruer, syntheti mterils n steel inste of just ruer. 6 Disuss the enefits of funing sientifi reserh into new mterils. 7 Disuss the rwks ssoite with funing sientifi reserh into new mterils. ACTIVITY 7.4 Critil n retive thinking Proessing n nlysing t n informtion Evluting 1 Write eh wor next to its mthing sentene. ompoun moleule ion element Chemil retions ompenium Me up of two or more one non-metl toms: Me up of non-metl toms one with metl toms: A prtile with hrge: A pure sustne me of one type of tom: 2 List two signs tht hemil retion hs tken ple. 3 Is preipitte gs, liqui or soli? 4 In every orrosion retion, wht oes metl ret with? 5 Wht prout esies wter is proue uring omustion of ny fuel? 6 Wht hppens to wter moleules in eomposition y eletrolysis? OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

6 114 USING CHEMISTRY USING CHEMISTRY If AB is ompoun tht is put into solution with nother ompoun XY, wht re the two possile prout ompouns? 8 Complete the following generl retion equtions. i + se + i + metl + i + ronte + + i + tive metl + 9 How is omplete omustion similr to, n ifferent from, inomplete omustion? 10 Desrie the lw of onservtion of mss An inomplete eletron shell igrm of the 8 O tom is shown in Figure 7.4. e Ientify the numer of protons: Ientify the numer of neutrons: Ientify the numer of eletrons: Drw the eletrons on the shells in the igrm. Lel the nuleus, shells n lotions of protons, neutrons n eletrons on the igrm. Fig A stuent wishes to mesure how muh mss nil gins when rusting in ifferent volumes of slty wter. Volume of slt wter (ml) Mss gin from rust (g) Plot grph of the results n rw line of est fit. Wht is the epenent vrile? Wht is the inepenent vrile? OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

7 116 USING CHEMISTRY USING CHEMISTRY 117 e Wht re the ontrolle vriles? Desrie wht the grph shows. 13 Disuss the positive n negtive issues relte to the lrge-sle use of petrohemils y soiety. ACTIVITY 7.5 ICT Personl n soil ompetene Questioning n preiting Group work: Chemils n soiety 1 Working in groups, hoose one topi from the following list. Ai rin Burning fossil fuels Chemil spills Ammoni leners Oil rilling Petrohemil proution Pollution in rivers Ethnol fuel 2 Reserh your topi n list some of the issues tht surroun this topi. Steel works n metl mnufture Phrmeutils 3 As group, ome up with rguments tht re ssoite with your topi. These rguments n e lssifie s legl rguments (e.g. llowe or not llowe y lw, government enorse), soil rguments (protesters oppose it, workers re in fvour) or eonomi rguments (it is ostly, it provies jos). The rguments my e for or ginst the topi. Complete tle listing these rguments. Arguments: positives/negtives Legl Soil Eonomi OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

8 118 USING CHEMISTRY USING CHEMISTRY Construt single-pge informtion sheet with the following setions: Heing The hemils involve Effets on the environment Positive n negtive issues ssoite with the topi Impts on soiety Pitures 5 Eh iniviul memer in the group must write onlusion. Write yours here. 6 As group, present your finings to the lss. ACTIVITY 7.6 Questioning n preiting Plnning n onuting Equipment Dropper ottles of hyrohlori i (0.5 M, 1.0 M, 2.0M) (Note: M refers to the onentrtion of the solution) Distille wter Strips of mgnesium, out 2 m long 4 test tues Test tue rk 4 thermometers, C 10-mL mesuring yliner Proeure Experiment: Retion rte 1 Set up your experiment s shown in Figure 7.5. Test tue Mgnesium In this tsk, you will rry out n experiment using ifferent onentrtions of retnts to etermine the effet of onentrtion on retion rte. Hyrohlori i rets with mgnesium metl, prouing hyrogen gs. Bules of hyrogen gs re evient s the retion ours. WARNING Ai hzr. Wer sfety glsses n l ot. Wsh hns with wter. Thermometer Fig 7.5 Wter 0.5 M HCl 1.0 M HCl 2.0 M HCl OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

9 120 USING CHEMISTRY USING CHEMISTRY Write suitle hypothesis for this experiment. 7 Is there ny eviene tht this retion is exothermi? Comment. 3 Write n im for this experiment. 4 Write out suitle metho for this experiment. 5 Write out list of oservtions. 6 Ientify the inepenent vrile in this experiment. 8 Desrie ny tren or pttern in the results. Then isuss why this my our. 9 Define wht tlyst is n link this to this experiment. OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

10 122 USING CHEMISTRY USING CHEMISTRY 123 ACTIVITY 7.7 Litery Proessing n nlysing t n informtion 1 When two or more ifferent types of tom hemilly omine, wht o they proue? A n element B ompoun C mixture D solution 16 2 How mny eletrons re there in 8 O? A 4 B 6 C 8 D 16 3 Wht is put on the left-hn sie of hemil retion? A prouts B tlyst C retnts D insolule hemils 4 The numer of eletrons in neutrl tom is equl to the: A tomi numer B mss numer C ensity D numer of neutrons 5 Wht ompoun forms when lithium (+1) omines with oxygen ( 2)? A LiO B Li 2 O C LiO 2 D Li + O 2 Review: Using hemistry 6 How mny hyrogen toms re there in moleule of C 2 H 6 O? A one B two C six D eight 7 Wht type of hnge ours when iron n oxygen hemilly omine to proue rust? A physil hnge B hnge of stte C semionutor D hemil hnge 8 Two solutions ret to proue n insolule sustne. Wht o we ll tht sustne? A solute B preipitte C solvent D nitrte 9 The ompoun HCl is ommonly known s: A hyrogen ron ioie B hyrogen ioie C hyrohlori i D hyrogen ronte 10 Wht o we ll sustne tht spees up retion? A tlyst B het C exothermi D retnt 11 Complete the following tle. Nme lium ion soium hlorie Chemil formul O 2 NOH Element or ompoun? 12 Complete the following wor equtions showing the formtion of ompouns. mgnesium + mgnesium sulfie lium + fluorine + opper oxie soium + oxygen + hyrogen 13 Answer the following using the pproprite wor(s). The gs proue when i rets with mgnesium metl. A nme of the retion etween n i n se. The generl nme for hnge tht proues new hemils. The lest retive group of elements in the perioi tle. e A sustne tht hnges olour to show how ii solution is. 14 Write the wor eqution tht represents the following retion: O 2 + C CO OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook

11 124 USING CHEMISTRY 15 Ientify the element tht hs the eletron onfigurtion 2, 7 n explin whether or not this is stle. 16 Complete the following tle showing ifferent retion types. Retnts Prouts Retion type Ai + metl Fuel + oxygen Ai + ronte Metl + oxygen Cron ioxie + wter Ai/metl Ai/ronte 17 Some stuents wish to investigte how i ffets the rusting of nil. They put ifferent mounts of i into test tues of wter, with nil in eh, n mesure the length of rust extening long the nil fter few ys. Amount of i e (ml) Length of rust long nil (mm) Wht is the epenent vrile? List two vriles tht nee to e ontrolle to mke this fir test. Wht type of retion is this lssifie s? Desrie wht the result shows. OXFORD BIG IDEAS SCIENCE 10 Austrlin Curriulum Workook Copyright Oxfor Univeristy Press ISBN