Review for 7 th Science 1 st Semester Exam 17-18

Transcription

1 Name: Class Period: Review for 7 th Science 1 st Semester Exam Directions: 1) Use your 3-ring binder and textbook to complete the REVIEW. 2) Study ALL items on the REVIEW for your semester exam. List the body part that the safety equipment or technique protects. 1. Goggles - _eyes 2. Gloves - skin 3. Wafting nose 4. No Eating - gastrointestinal tract - stomach 5. Proper Ventilation - respiratory system/lungs Answer the questions. 6. An eyewash station is used primarily for which purpose? To rinse chemicals that may splash into your eyes. 7. What can be used to extinguish a fire? Fire extinguisher, Fire Blanket, or the floor (Stop, Drop, & Roll) List the items the instrument would measure. 8. Graduated Cylinder Liquid volume 9. Meter Stick Length or Distance 10. Triple beam balance Mass Page 1 of 10

2 Answer the questions. 11. In an experiment, what is the variable that you can change? Independent Variable 12. In an experiment, what is the variable being measured? Dependent Variable 13. In an experiment, what is the variable that stays the same through the entire experiment? Constants 14. Scientists use their prior knowledge and experience to: form a hypothesis 15. What can be used to analyze data? Table, chart, or graph 16. Define Observations: Bits of information you gather with your senses Identify: Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, & Constant in an experiment. Label each piece of laboratory equipment. 17. Beaker 18. Erlenmeyer Flask 19. Balance 20. Graduated Cylinder 21. Florence Flask Page 2 of 10

3 Answer the questions. 22. What happens to the temperature in a compost bin during decomposition? Increase in temperature Interpret: Be able to interpret graphs. 23. What happens to the organic matter during decomposition? It is broken down into useful compounds and nutrients 24. What energy transformation occurs as biomass decays in a compost bin? Chemical Thermal 25. What materials in a compost bin will be recycled into soil-enriching nutrients? Biomass material from living and once living organisms examples : newspapers, fruits, vegetables 26. During decomposition, what does the bacteria in the soil do? Changes Nitrogen into a useable form 27. Where does a herbivore get it nutrients from in its habitat? By eating plants that receives it energy from the Sun 28. In a compost bin, what process leads to the cycling of organic matter? Decompostion 29. What gas do plants release as a result of photosynthesis? Oxygen 30. What energy transformation occurs during photosynthesis? Radiant Energy Chemical Energy 31. Glucose helps maintain life on our planet by storing what type of energy? Chemical Energy Page 3 of 10

4 32. The diagram provided illustrates the process of photosynthesis, including the substances used by and produced by plants. What is the identity of the chemical represented by the question mark in the diagram? Glucose 33. Show how energy flows through a food chain? Sun producers herbivores carnivores decomposers Identify: Producers, Consumers, Herbivores, & Carnivores in a Food Chain or Web. 34. Define Producer: Provides the primary source of energy for all other organisms (Autotroph makes its own food ) 35. Define Consumer: gains energy by eating other living things 36. Define Herbivore: Animals that eat only plants or plant products 37. Define Carnivore: Animals that eat other animals 38. What element is found in all organic compounds? Carbon 39. What is Denitrification? the process by which bacteria return nitrogen gas to the atmosphere Page 4 of 10

5 40. What is the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary consumer? A primary consumer gets their energy by feeding on producers in the food chain, secondary consumers get their energy by feeding on primary consumers (herbivores), and tertiary consumers get their energy by feeding on secondary consumers. Identify: the paths that energy would flow through an ecosystem diagram. An example of an ecosystem diagram is below. 41. A diagram is provided. Which portion of the diagram represents the level with the most available energy? Producers Page 5 of 10

6 42. Why are bacteria so important to the nitrogen cycle? bacteria change the nitrogen into a usable form Identify: Using a portion of the Periodic Table or an illustration of chemical compounds be able to identify if a compound is organic or inorganic. 43. What element must a compound contain to be organic? Carbon 44. What are the elements found in organic compounds? (CHNOPS) Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur 45. The table provides information on the function of different digestive structures. Which of the digestive structures in the table can cause a chemical change to occur? Stomach 46. What are Carbohydrates made of? a chain of simple sugars, such as glucose Page 6 of 10

7 List the smaller molecule that each large molecule is broken down into by digestion. 47. Lipid to Fatty Acids 48. Carbohydrate to Simple Sugar 49. Proteins to Amino Acid 50. What is a chemical change? It involves a change in the identity or chemical composition of a substance. 51. List examples of chemical changes during digestion? Protein is broken down into amino acids in the stomach and Saliva breaking down starch into carbohydrates 52. What is a physical change? It involves changes to the form of a substance, but not to its chemical identity. 53. List examples of physical changes during digestion? Teeth chewing food to make it easier to swallow and Food gets squeezed into a different shape when passing through the esophagus. 54. What are indicators a new substance has been formed? Gas production, Solid formation, and sometimes color/temperature changes. 55. What is the formula used to calculate work? WORK = FORCE X DISTANCE 56. Label the pyramid for work. W F D Page 7 of 10

8 Three situations in which force is applied to a box are illustrated. Describe what work is being done in each situation and how they relate to each other. 57. Situation 1: The same amount of work is done in Situations 1 and Situation 2: No work is done 59. Situation 3: The same amount of work is done in Situations 1 and When an object is lifted directly from the ground rather than moved with an inclined plane, what will be increased? The force needed to move the object 61. Work is measured in what? Joules (J) 62. What two things have to happen for work to take place? 1. Force applied to an object 2. Object to move a distance Page 8 of 10

9 List examples of these Simple Machines 63. Inclined Plane: Ramp, ladders, stairs 64. Wedge: Axe Head, staple, door stop 65. Screw: Screw, jar lid, drill, bolt 66. Wheel and Axle: Bike wheel, electric fan, merry go round 67. Lever: Crowbar, door handle, light switches, hinges Answer the questions. 68. Define Newton s 1st Law: Law of Inertia - objects in motion stay in motion, objects at rest stay at rest, unless acted on by an unbalanced force. 69. Define Newton s 2nd Law: Law of Force - Force= Mass x Acceleration 70. Define Newton s 3rd Law: Law of Action-Reaction - For every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction. 71. Animals can move as a result of what energy conversion? Chemical Energy Mechanical Energy 72. What happens to the energy obtained by an organism when it consumes food? It is transformed into other forms of energy 73. Mammals maintain their body temperature as a result of what energy conversion? Chemical Energy» Thermal Energy 74. When a plant performs photosynthesis, the radiant energy of the Sun is stored as what type of energy? Chemical Energy Page 9 of 10

10 Describe the types of energy. 75. Radiant: Energy from the sun 76. Chemical: Energy stored in the bonds of molecules 77. Mechanical: Energy of motion or position 78. Electrical: Energy carried by the flow of an electric current 79. Define Diffusion: OMIT Interpret Diagrams of Osmosis. Be able to identify the direction in which water molecules will move. OMIT 80. Define Atom: The smallest particle of an element maintaining the chemical identity of that element 81. Define Compound: A pure substance made of two or more kinds of atoms bound together 82. Define Element: A pure substance composed of the same type of atom throughout Page 10 of 10