Name: ANSWER KEY Quarter 3 Benchmark Review. 3. m/s km/hr. 7. (Vf Vi) / t. 8. m/s m/s F = ma

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1 Name: ANSWER KEY Quarter 3 Benchmark Review Velocity 1. Define Velocity: Date: Period: 1. Distance divided by time in a specific direction 2. What is the difference between speed and velocity? 2. Velocity is speed and a direction 3. What is the SI unit for velocity? 3. m/s 4. What is the equation to calculate speed? 4. speed = distance/time 5. If a car traveled 40 kilometers in 5 hours what is its speed? 5. 8 km/hr Acceleration 6. Define acceleration: 6. The rate of change in velocity over time 7. What is the equation to calculate acceleration? 7. (Vf Vi) / t 8. What is the SI unit for acceleration? 8. m/s 2 9. A car is at a stop light. When the light turns green, the car accelerates to a speed of 60 m/s in 20 s. What is the car s acceleration? 9. 3 m/s 2 Force 10. Define force: 10. A push or pull 11. What is the equation for force? 11. F = ma 12. What is the SI unit for force? What does 1 unit of force equal? 12. Newtons (N), kg*m/s 2

2 13. Calculate the force for a 60 g object accelerating at 10 m/s 2. Gravity 14. Define gravity: 15. Gravitational attraction depends on what two things? N 14. A pulling force that attracts all objects to each other 15. Mass and distance 16. All matter (planets, stars, people, atoms, etc.) has gravity. Why are we attracted to Earth, but you don t have things like paper clips seeming attracted to you? 16. Because Earth s mass is so much bigger than ours therefore it overshadows our gravity and we don t see the effects of it. 17. Why does the moon orbit the earth and planets orbit the sun? 17. Gravity 18. What is mass? 18. The amount of matter in an object 19. What is weight? 19. The force of gravity on an object 20. Which is different, mass or weight, if measured on the moon and on Earth? 20. Weight 21. How can you tell if a problem is giving you mass or weight? 21.Look at the units: mass (kg), weight (N) 22. What is the acceleration due to gravity for all objects on Earth? m/s A rock falls off a cliff. After 8 seconds what is the rock s velocity? (Hint: think about the variables you know and what equation leaves you with only one unknown variable final velocity) m/s 2 * 8 s = 78.4 m/s

3 Newton s Laws of Motion 24. What are Newton s 3 laws of motion? An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force. 2. F=ma 3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction 25. A 2.6 g rock is thrown from the roof of Walker Grant. What is the force of the rock when it hits the ground? 25. F = ma = 2.6g * 9.8 m/s 2 = 25.5 N Work 26. For work to be done on an object; the object has to and the direction of the force and motion has to be the direction. 27. What is the equation to calculate work? 26. For work to be done on an object; the object has to move and the direction of the force and motion has to be the same direction 27. W = Fd 28. What is the SI unit for work? What does one unit of work equal? 28. Joules (J), N*m 29. What other thing is measured in the same unit as work? 29. Energy 30. How else could you describe work? (hint: What else is measured in the same unit as work. Why do they use the same units?) 30. Work is the transfer of energy. 31. A 40 N rock is thrown 5 m. How much work is done? J

4 Power 32. Define power: 32. Power is the rate of work completed. 33. What is the equation to calculate power? 33. P = W/t 34. What is SI unit for power? What does 1 unit of power equal? 34. Watt (W), J/sec 35. If a car performs 10,000 J of work in 10 sec, what is its power? W Simple Machines 36. What is a simple machine? 36. Something that makes work feel easier. 37. How many simple machines are there? List each simple machine and give an example for each. 39. In general, how do machines make work easier? Do machines change the amount of work to be done? 40. How does an incline plane make work easier? 41. Why are pulleys helpful? 42. A screw (that we use with a drill) is made up of what two simple machnes? 43. What is the unit for Energy? What does 1 unit of energy equal? 38. Wheel and axel door knob Screw jar lid Lever see-saw Incline Plane ramp Wedge knife, doorstop Pulley window blinds 39. By changing: the amount of force needed, the direction of the force applied, and/or the distance over which the force is applied. 40. It increases the distance force is applied. 41. It changed the direction of force. 42. Wedge (the tip) and an incline plane (the edges) 43. Joule (J), N*m Your examples may be different

5 44. Fill in Table Kind of Energy Definition Equation Example Kinetic Motion energy ½mv 2 Ball rolling down a hill Potential Stored energy mgd OR wd A jar sitting on a shelf 45. A 2500 kg car travels at 20 m/s. What is its kinetic energy? 45. KE = 1/2m*v 2 = ½*2500 kg*(20 m/s) 2 = J 46. A 45 N object is lifted to a height of 10 m. What is its potential energy? 46. PE = w*d = 45N * 10m = 450J 47. Name the 6 Types of Energy 1.Electromagnetic 2.Nuclear 3.Electrical 4. Chemical 5.Thermal 6.Mechanical 47. Give an example of each type of energy 1.lightbulb 2.Sun 3.Toaster 4.food 5.oven 6.throwing a baseball Your examples may be different 48. Energy can be converted from one type to another. Give an example of the following energy conversions. Then add 3 more energy conversions. Example: electrical to mechanical 1. electrical to electromagnetic 2. chemical to electrical 3. nuclear to electromagnetic 4. thermal to electric 5. mechanical to _thermal 6. chemical to mechanical 49. What are the three units we use to measure temperature? 50. What is the freezing/melting point of water for each of those units? 51. What is the boiling/condensation point of water for each of those units? 48. Energy can be converted from one type to another. What kind of energy transfer do these things do? Fan Lamp battery sun spinning turbine rubbing hands together chewing food 49. Kelvin (K)_ Celsius ( C) _Fahrenheit ( F) K 0 C 32 F Your examples may be different 51. _ K 100 C 212 F

6 52. Explain Absolute Zero (temperature, what is special about it). 52. Absolute Zero is the lowest possible temperature. Molecular motion stops because you cannot remove any more energy. 53. What is the difference between a chemical and physical change? 53. Physical changes don t change the chemical structure of the substance so the reactants and products are the same. Chemical changes are do change the chemical structure of the substance so the reactants and products are different substances (you cannot undo it easily). 54. Give an example of a chemical change. 54. Cooking an egg. Mixing baking soda and vinegar. Things rusting. 55. Give an example of a physical change. 56. Why are people wrong in the summer when they tell you to Shut the door! You re letting the cold air out!? 57. In terms of energy, what is happening to matter when it goes from a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas? 58. In terms of energy, what is happening to matter when it goes from a gas to a liquid or a liquid to a solid? 55. Ripping paper. Cutting bread. Mixing sugar with water. 56. Heat moves from hot things into cold things (also technically there is no such thing as cold there is just less heat ), so the correct phrase would be Shut the door! You re letting all the heat in! 57. The thermal energy is moving into the solid (or liquid) and the additional energy makes the atoms move enough to changes phases of matter. 58. The thermal energy is moving out of the gas (or liquid) and the reduced energy makes the atoms slow down until they change phases of matter. 59. Use the chart to the right to answer the following questions: i. What state of matter if found at: Point C: _Solid Point D: Liquid Point E: Gas ii. If the substance represented by this graph was pure water. What temperature (in Celsius) would be found at: Point A: 0 C Point B: 100 C

7 Working with the material Answers will vary for this page What two (2) to three (3) topics do you feel you need the most practice with? What are two (2) to three (3) ways you can give yourself that practice? (How are you going to study this information? Review notes? Make flashcards? Make and play jeopardy? Find YouTube videos on it? Make a mind map of key concepts? Etc.) What are at least two (2) specific questions you have for when we go over this in class that will help you feel better in your understanding of this material? 1. 2.

Motion, Forces, and Energy

Motion, Forces, and Energy What is motion? Motion - when an object changes position Types of Motion There are 2 ways of describing motion: Distance Displacement Distance Distance is the total path traveled.