KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY. Chapter 6 (cont.)

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1 KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY Chapter 6 (cont.)

2 The Two Types of Mechanical Energy Energy- the ability to do work- measured in joules Potential Energy- energy that arises because of an object s position Kinetic Energy- energy of motion possessed by moving objects

3 6.4 Potential Energy is Stored Energy Energy of position In a stored state, energy has the potential to do work, but it is not yet doing it Ex: archer drawing back his bow

4 Ex. Roller coaster sitting at the top of the hill not moving

5 Formula gravitational potential energy = weight x height (Joules) = (Newtons) x (Meters) Weight is equal to mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity or: PE= mgh

6 How many joules of potential energy does a 1 newton book gain when it is elevated to 4m?

7 How many joules of potential energy does a 1 newton book gain when it is elevated to 4m? PE = (1N) x (4m)

8 How many joules of potential energy does a 1 newton book gain when it is elevated to 4m? PE = (1N) x (4m) = 4 J

9 What is the potential energy of a rock that has a mass of 2 kg and is elevated to a height of 4m?

10 What is the potential energy of a rock that has a mass of 2 kg and is elevated to a height of 4m? PE= mgh

11 What is the potential energy of a rock that has a mass of 2 kg and is elevated to a height of 4m? PE= mgh = (2kg)(9.8m/s 2 )(4m)

12 What is the potential energy of a rock that has a mass of 2 kg and is elevated to a height of 4m? PE= mgh = (2kg)(9.8m/s 2 )(4m) = 78.4 J

13 What is the mass of a boulder that is elevated 5 m and has a potential energy of 295 J?

14 What is the mass of a boulder that is elevated 5 m and has a potential energy of 295 J? 295 J = (5m) (9.8m/s 2 ) (m)

15 What is the mass of a boulder that is elevated 5 m and has a potential energy of 295 J? 295 J = (5m) (9.8m/s 2 ) (m) = 6.02 kg

16 6.5 Kinetic Energy is Energy of Motion Kinetic energy depends on mass and speed (or velocity) The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has Kinetic Energy= 1/2 mass x velocity 2

17 Ex: a car travels at 30m/s and has kinetic energy of 1 J. If it travels twice as fast, 60m/s, how much kinetic energy will it have?

18 Ex: a car travels at 30m/s and has kinetic energy of 1 J. If it travels twice as fast, 60m/s, how much kinetic energy will it have? KE= 1/2 mv 2

19 Ex: a car travels at 30m/s and has kinetic energy of 1 J. If it travels twice as fast, 60m/s, how much kinetic energy will it have? KE= 1/2 mv 2 1 J = 1/2 (m) (30 m/s) 2

20 Ex: a car travels at 30m/s and has kinetic energy of 1 J. If it travels twice as fast, 60m/s, how much kinetic energy will it have? KE= 1/2 mv 2 1 J = 1/2 (m) (30 m/s) 2 m = kg

21 Ex: a car travels at 30m/s and has kinetic energy of 1 J. If it travels twice as fast, 60m/s, how much kinetic energy will it have? KE= 1/2 mv 2 1 J = 1/2 (m) (30 m/s) 2 m = kg KE = 1/2 (0.0022) (60 m/s) 2

22 Ex: a car travels at 30m/s and has kinetic energy of 1 J. If it travels twice as fast, 60m/s, how much kinetic energy will it have? KE= 1/2 mv 2 1 J = 1/2 (m) (30 m/s) 2 m = kg KE = 1/2 (0.0022) (60 m/s) 2 = 4 J

23 Ex: a car travels at 30m/s and has kinetic energy of 1 J. If it travels twice as fast, 60m/s, how much kinetic energy will it have? KE= 1/2 mv 2 1 J = 1/2 (m) (30 m/s) 2 m = kg KE = 1/2 (0.0022) (60 m/s) 2 = 4 J

24 How much kinetic energy does a 2kg boulder have when it is dropping at 8m/s?

25 How much kinetic energy does a 2kg boulder have when it is dropping at 8m/s? KE= 1/2 mv 2

26 How much kinetic energy does a 2kg boulder have when it is dropping at 8m/s? KE= 1/2 mv 2 KE = 1/2 (2kg) (8m/s) 2

27 How much kinetic energy does a 2kg boulder have when it is dropping at 8m/s? KE= 1/2 mv 2 KE = 1/2 (2kg) (8m/s) 2 = 64 J

28 When the brakes of a car are locked, the car skids to a stop. How much farther will the car skid if it s moving 3 times as fast?

29 When the brakes of a car are locked, the car skids to a stop. How much farther will the car skid if it s moving 3 times as fast? KE = 1/2 m v 2

30 When the brakes of a car are locked, the car skids to a stop. How much farther will the car skid if it s moving 3 times as fast? KE = 1/2 m v 2 1/2 m 3v 2

31 When the brakes of a car are locked, the car skids to a stop. How much farther will the car skid if it s moving 3 times as fast? KE = 1/2 m v 2 1/2 m 3v 2 = 9 times as far

32 When the brakes of a car are locked, the car skids to a stop. How much farther will the car skid if it s moving 3 times as fast? KE = 1/2 m v 2 1/2 m 3v 2 = 9 times as far

33 6.6 Work- Energy Theorem To increase (or decrease) the kinetic energy of an object, work must be done on it Work = KE The work in this equation is the net work - work based on the net force

34 6.7 Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another or transferred from one object to another, but the total amount of energy never changes In other words: KE = PE 1/2 mv 2 = mgh

35 As kinetic energy increases, potential energy decreases.

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