Microplastic is it chemistry? Where in Microplastic is chemistry? What a chemist can do? A view of a bystander and of an insider.

Transcription

1 Microplastic is it chemistry? Where in Microplastic is chemistry? What a chemist can do? A view of a bystander and of an insider. Vladimir Nikiforov van@nilu.no NILU Norwegian Institute for Air Research Framsenteret, Tromsø, Norway Short CV: : Student Dozent, St.Petersburg State University, Dept. of Chemistry : Head of laboratory, Center for Ecological Safety RAS From 2014: Senior scientist, NILU

2 1. What is the weight of plastic in the sample? 2. What is the amount of particles? 3. What is the size distribution? 4. What are shapes and shape s dsitribution? 5. Which polymer types are there? 6. What are the answers for questions above for each type of polymer? 7. What was a particle originally a part of? 8. What happened to polymer molecules? 9. What are(were) the additives to the polymer? 10. What is(was) sorbed to the particle? 11. What would happen to it in a day, in a year, etc.?. XXX. Is it possible to answer these questions? YYY. Is it necessary???

3 Microplastic is it chemistry? Where in Microplastic is chemistry? What a chemist can do? A view of a bystander and of an insider.

4 Production and use of plastics/polymers

5 Macro-, micro-, nano- plastic particles do we have a good definition? MACRO >5 mm MICRO < 5 mm NANO <1 µm

6 5 % on beaches < 1% ocean surface 94% on the sea floor

7 What happens when plastic enters the ocean? Hva er problemet? Attracts lipophilic chemicals which are abundant in the seawater since plastic behaves like organic tissue Releases chemicals/ additives like flame retardants, softeners, stabilisators etc. (1: ) 1) Eaten by organisms 2) Biofouling and settling to the seafloor 3) Weathering Is plastic a sailboat for a) chemicals, b) organisms?

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9 Vladimir Nikiforov NILU Norwegian Institute for Air Research Framsenteret, Tromsø, Norway Short CV: : Student Dozent, St.Petersburg State University, Dept. of Chemistry Polychloronaphthalenes and Toxaphene congeners: native and C13 isotope labeled : Head of laboratory, Center for Ecological Safety RAS massspectrometry analyses, evaluation of contribution of St.Petersburg into contamination of the Baltic Sea From 2014: Senior scientist, NILU, Tromso method development and LC/GC-MS analysis, new potential pollutants.

10 Norway sq. km 5.3 million people Researcher-friendly Focused on polar research (Nansen, Amundsen )

11 Tromsø (2770 km from Belgrade) Population 75000

12 Tromsø (2770 km from Belgrade) Population foreign cityzens students?

13 Tromsø is beautiful! Obligatory collection of floating waste at sea Norwegian Beach cleaning Day From 100 m of beach line NILU s sample

14 Norwegian Beach cleaning Day Different types of plastic objects Different types of waste pieces

15 Foto: Bjørn Faafeng, NIVA NILU Norwegian institute for air research Kjeller Oslo (CIENS) Tromsø (The Fram Centre) Founded in 1969 Independent foundation from 1986 Board members appointed by the - Norwegian Ministry of the Environment - The Research Council of Norway ca 200 people work at NILU

16 Fram Centre:

17 Fram Centre: research

18 Fram Centre: FLAGSHIPS

19 FramCenter: 20 partner institutions One unique partner UNIS (University Centre in Svalbard,

20 Observatories from pole to pole NILU is monitoring climate change and long-range transport of air pollutants at four observatories: Troll Zeppelin in the Arctic Troll in Antarctica Birkenes and ALOMAR in Norway Zeppelin (The Arctic) Troll (Antarctica) NILU contributes measurements to several monitoring programs from these observatories as well as from several regional monitoring stations. Birkenes (Norway) Alomar (Norway)

21 NILUs main activities in MP research Weathering under arctic conditions Transport and sources

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23 NILU collects, stores, provides information on air quality How much of it is plastic?

24 PFTBA (C 4 F 9 ) 3 N in air!

25 Breaking news:

26 5 years ago..

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28 Example of experiment

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30 Example of findings

31 Thousands of microplastic particles in the source area vs few in the Arctic (particles/m 3 )

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33 Bettina Libmann at NORMAN workshop, Zurich, Jan. 2018

34 Bettina Libmann at NORMAN workshop, Zurich, Jan. 2018

35 How many nanospheres of 100nm from a microsphere of 0,01 mm?

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37 Polyethylene spheres of certain diameter! 100nm 1000 x (CH 2 ) nm (CH 2 ) nm (CH 2 ) nm 25 x CH 2

38 NILU: Involved in a number of projects - 2 x JPI Ocean projects (BASEMAN & PLASTOX) - Lead of 1 NFR project (PLASTPOLL); collaborating with China and US - Participate in 3 FRAM centre projects - 1 internal funded NILU project on nanoplast methods - 1 strategic project including mikroplastic in the Arctic - Train a number of masterstudents maintasks: Sample treatment under controlled conditions (clean room and clean cabinet) Chemical characterisation of adsorbtion and leaching processes Weathering

39 NILU participating in JPI Ocean projects

40 PLASTOX experiments: monitoring additives/pops on virgin plastic in sea water at real arctic conditions (just outdoors of FramCenter) 40-1 cage per timepoint over 24 months - Investigate adsorbtion and leakage of chemicals over time under Arctic conditions

41 41 MARS project - Artificial soccer fields are very common in Norway - Rubber pieces are regularly added to the plastic grass to damp the surface (made either of rubber or old car tires) - Rain washes these pieces away, which will often end up in the municipal waste water not filtered out drain into the ocean Waste water treatme nt in Norway Direct Mecani cal

42 Microplastic at NILU Our group in Tromso: GC/MS-MS, LC/MS-MS DART-MS-TOF for identification of plastic GC Q Exactive (GC-Orbitrap) not yet for plastic NILU, Kjeller: Toxicology, nanoparticles/plastics NILU, 2018: NOK 1 Million internal funding for microplastic in the air

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47 Advice «on chemistry of microplastics» I. Control samples, II. control samples, III. control samples, IV. control samples, V. control samples,

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